OHS Frame

Work Standard
Safety Pause

SAFETY
COMES
FIRST !
Ground Rules

Mobile Calls Switch off mobiles or put them on

vibrate!
Fax
Pagers

Make calls during the breaks

Let people have the chance to speak

Listen
No one is wrong!
Introduction of Participants
 School & Last degree

 Year experience in the industry

 Job title and a couple of sentences about your current

responsibilities

 Your expectations from the course

Groups

 There would be 4 groups…..

 Come up with a name for your group
 Nominate a time keeper
 About the course
This course is intended to give
you the knowledge, skills and
attitudes, necessary to plan and
implement a sound FWS OHS
system in your organisation.
 Why does an
organization need a
OHS system
OHS (FWS OHS) aims to:

 Eliminate or minimise Risks to all

personnel
 Provide for healthy and safe
working conditions.
 Prevent accidents, ill health &
injuries
 Meet regulatory requirements
 Improve OHS performance
 Benefits of Effective OHS
System
• Eliminate or minimise Risks to all
personnel
• Provide for healthy and safe working
conditions.
• Prevent accidents, ill health &
injuries Incident
• Meet regulatory requirements
• Improve OHS performance
In short OHS is about anything
that may cause:

 Injury to people
 Long term sickness, ill health
or disease to people.
 Harm, loss or damage to
equipment or property.
 OHS is applicable to:

 All people working at an organisation

(Employee, Contractor, Visitor, Public.)
 All an organisation activities (routine
or non-routine)
 All an organisation equipment (in air or
on ground)
 All an organisation locations, near or
far.
Evolution of OH&S Management

Management is responsible for

providing a safe work environment
System Improvement

Employee protection “PPE”

„Transfer risk‟

“look after yourself”;

Employee responsibility

20‟s 2007‟s
Injuries & Workplace
Illnesses Fatalities
Year Number Year Number
1995 6.6 million 1995 6275
1996 6.2 million 1996 6202
1997 6.1 million 1997 6238
1998 5.9 million 1998 6055
1999 5.7 million 1999 6054
2000 5.7 million 2000 5920
2001 5.2 million 2001 5915
2002 4.7 million 2002 5534
2003 4.4 million 2003 5575
2004 4.3 million 2004 5703
 Why Safety?
•“Unilever’s mission is to add vitality
to life. We meet everyday needs for
nutrition, hygiene, and personal care
with brands that help people feel
good, look good and get more out of
life”
Our Safety Vision

We envision Unilever
Pakistan as a Zero
Injury Company
How ?
•By managing (injury) risks in a way that
people working for us return home
without getting hurt

People
Behaviors
Causes of Injuries...
DuPont’s
Experience...

Most process and personal

incidents, injuries and
accidents are caused by
unsafe acts and behaviors,
Not conditions and
equipment.
 ORGANISATION
• All Unilever Regions/Sub Regions,
Corporate Head Offices, Operating
Company Head Offices, Marketing &
Sales Organisations, Sourcing Units,
Plantations, Research Development
Centres, Warehouses and Distribution
Centres. The word “organisation” as used within the
Frameworks Standards does not apply to non-Unilever
operations e.g. third party makers/co-packers.
 Safety

Freedom from
unacceptable risk of harm.
Unilever Integrated SHE Management System

Policy Framework Standards

Plan

Consumer Safety

Health & Safety

Environmental
Occupational
Do

Care
Check

Review

Specific Standards

Guideline Documents
 Major Elements
An effective occupational safety and health
program includes the following five elements.

 Management commitment and employee

involvement.
 Planning
 Implementation & operation.
 Checking & corrective action.
 Management Review.
 Building Blocks of
Safety Management Systems

Continual
Improvement

• Performance Review Management Management • OH & S policy

Review Commitment

Checking &
• Performance measurement & Corrective
action Planning
• OHS Risk Assessment
monitoring
• Legal & Other Requirements.
• Non conformance & Corrective /
• Objective & Targets.
Prevention Action Implementation
& Operation
• OHS Mngmt. Program
• Records & Records Management
• OHS Mgmt. System Audits.
• Structure & Responsibility
• Training, awareness & competence
• Communication
• Documentation.
• Document & Data Control
• Operational Control
• Emergency Preparedness & Response.
What is Hazard?
A property of Any Equipment, location that has the potential
to harm the Human life or property is called “HAZARD”
 Hazard is the potential to
cause harm,
Source or situation with a potential
for harm in terms of human injury or
ill health, damage to the property,
damage to the workplace
environment, or a combination of
these.
Type of Hazards
• Ergonomics
• Mechanical
• Falling
• Impact & Acceleration
• Heat & Temperature
• Pressure
• Electrical
• Fire
• Toxicity & Explosion
• Radiation
• Noise & Vibration
• Biological
 Ergonomic hazards are physical conditions that may pose a risk of injury to the
musculoskeletal system that may affect our regular functioning of daily activities.

A mechanical hazard is contact with unguarded moving parts on a

machine. The impact is when parts of machinery or equipment are thrown.

A fall hazard is anything in the workplace that could cause an unintended

loss of balance or. bodily support and result in a fall.

Heat Hazard: Exposure to extreme heat can result in occupational illnesses

caused by heat stress, including heat stroke, heat exhaustion, heat syncope,
heat cramps, heat rashes, or death.

Temperature: Exposure to freezing and cold temperatures for extended periods

of time may cause serious health problems such as trench foot, frostbite and
hypothermia.
Pressure Hazard: impact from the blast of an explosion or release of
compressed liquid or gas. impact from parts of equipment that fail or any flying
debris. contact with the released liquid or gas, such as steam. fire resulting from the
escape of flammable liquids or gases.

Biological Hazard: Sources of biological hazards may include bacteria,

viruses, insects, plants, birds, animals, and humans. These sources can
cause a variety of health effects ranging from skin irritation and allergies to
infections (e.g., tuberculosis, AIDS), cancer and so on.
 Hazard Identification
Process of recognizing that a
hazard exists and defining its
characteristics.
 Why Hazard & Risk Assessment

(a) To know the OH&S hazards and

risks involved.
(a) To classify high risk activities.

(b) To establish objectives and / or

controls to avoid harm by proactively
Eliminating, Reducing, Isolating or
Controlling hazards and risks.
 Risk
Combination of likelihood and
consequences of a specified
hazardous event.
Risk = Consequence x Likelihood; where:
(i) Likelihood is the Probability of occurrence of an impact
that affects the environment; and,
(ii) Consequence is the Environmental impact if an event
occurs.
Tolerable Risk
Risk that has been reduced to a
level, that it can be endured by an
organization with regard to:
 Legal requirements

 Company policy

 Views of Interested Parties

Interested parties
Individual or group concerned
with or affected by the OHS
performance of an
organisation.
 Incident
Any event that could have or did result in:
 Injury
 Property damage
 Environmental release
 Adverse community reaction
(Unilever)
 Accident
is an incident which has
given rise to injury, ill
health or fatality.
(OHSAS 18001:2007)

Formerly termed as “Acts of God”

 Near-miss
An incident where no injury, ill
health, or fatality occurs may
also be referred to as a “near-
miss”, "near-hit", "close call"
or "dangerous occurrence".
(OHSAS 18001:2007)
 Controls
Controls are the precautions taken to
prevent or reduce the risk of a hazard
causing an accident with the potential
for loss
(e.g; “Defensive Driving Training / SOP /
Planned Inspections, machine guards)
 Defences

Defences are the measures taken to

minimize the consequences of the incident
(by protecting people, equipment, property
etc.) from a hazard and the resulting harm
/ loss if a control fails.
(e.g. Seat belt / PPEs / Containment, Fire
Sprinklers)
 Hierarchy of Operational Controls

1. Elimination
2. Substitution
3. Engineering Controls
4. Administrative Controls, Signage,
Warnings
5. PPE
 Risk Assessment

Overall process of estimating the

magnitude of risk and deciding
whether or not the risk is
tolerable.
 Safety Management Systems
1. Management Commitment
 Occupational Health & Safety Policy

 Health & Safety Objectives

 Commitment to prevention of injuries & illness.

 Continual Improvement.

 Compliance with local legislation and Unilever Standard e.g.

SHEACO.
 POLICY

1.1 The organisation must prepare and

document an appropriate OH&S Policy, which
is consistent with the UL OH&S Policy. The
Policy must include clear statement of
objectives, a commitment to the prevention
of occupational injuries and illnesses, a
commitment to continual improvement, a
commitment to compliance with all
applicable legislation and internal UL
Standard. The Policy must be authorised and
signed by the most senior person within the
organisation.
1.2.1 The policy must be
communicated to the
whole organisation .
1.2.2 Employees &
contractors must be made
aware of their individual and
collective rights and
responsibilities.
1.3 The policy must be
reviewed annually and
where necessary revised to
ensure that it remains
relevant and appropriate to
the organisation.
 HEALTH AND SAFETY RISK
ASSESSMENT

2.1 The organisation must

identify the hazards arising from
it's operations, activities and
services and determine those
that may impact on occupational
health and safety
 Activity Hazards Risks
Saponification Heat and Temperature Body come in
(Pan boiling) contact with
hot product

Work at height Fall from height Severe injury

or death

Severe electric
HT Electrical
Electric shock burn injury or
maintenance
death
2.2 Occupational health and safety
risk assessments must be undertaken,
which take into account previous
operational experience plus the routine
and non-routine activities of all
individuals working for, and the
facilities and equipment provided by,
the organisation.
2.3 The organisation must
seek to either eliminate or
control effectively any
identified significant
occupational health and safety
.
risks
2.4 Where a risk assessment
indicates the need for additional
control measures, the implementation
of these additional control measures
must be monitored until the work has
been completed and the effectiveness
of changes has been proved.
2.5 Risk assessments
relating to significant
occupational health & safety
risks must be documented
and then kept under periodic
review.
2.6 Occupational Health and
Safety risk assessment must
form an integral part of the
organisation's development and
Management Of Change (MOC)
processes.
LEGAL AND OTHER REQUIREMENTS

3.1 The organisation must

undertake a regular review to
identify all applicable OH&S
Legislation and all applicable
internal Unilever Standards
e.g. HSW, Business Group,
Category and Operating
Company.
OH & S Safety Legislation in Pakistan
• Sindh Factories Act 1934
• Sindh Factories Rule 1975
• Boiler Act 1923
• Electricity Rules 1937
• Petroleum Rule 1937
• Civil Defense 1952

Unilever Standard
 Unilever Occupational Health & Safety Framework Standards
 Specific SHE Standard - Safe Working at Heights
 Specific SHE Standard - Electrical Safety
 Specific SHE Standards - Workplace Noise
 Specific SHE Standard: Occupational Safety Performance Reporting
 Specific SHE Standard: General Engineering SHE Requirements for
 Manufacturing Sites
 Specific SHE Standard - Safe Management of Contractors
 Specific SHE Standard: Third Party Manufacturers/Co - Packers
3.2 The organisation must
develop a plan which will
ensure full compliance with
internal Unilever standards
within a reasonable and
defined timescale, agreed with
it's parent organisation, e.g.
Business Group.
3.3 The organisations must
operate in compliance with
applicable legislation, unless a
specific exemption or
exemption period has been
agreed previously with the
relevant enforcement
authority.
 OBJECTIVES & TARGETS

4.1 The organisation must

establish, document and maintain
a set of occupational health and
safety objectives and targets,
relevant to it's significant OH&S
risks and consistent with it's
OH&S policy.
 MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME

5.1 The organisation must

establish and maintain a written
management program
(improvement plan) for achieving
it's objectives and targets. The
means, responsibilities and time
scales for achieving the
organization's objectives and
targets must be clearly defined and
adequate resources provided.
5.2 The management
program must be
reviewed at regular and
planned intervals and
revised as appropriate to
reflect changing
circumstances.
STRUCTURE AND RESPONSIBILITY

6.1 The most senior person is

responsible for the
implementation and
performance of the
organisation's occupational
health and safety management
system.
6.2 The organisation must
nominate a competent person(s)
to co-ordinate the overall
implementation of the
organisation's OH&S management
system. This person must have
access to the most senior person
within the organisation.
6.3 The organisation must
define, document and
communicate individual roles,
responsibilities and authorities
for the implementation, control
and improvement of the
occupational health and safety
management system and
provide adequate resources.
6.4 The organisation must
establish access to a
source of competent expert
advice on Health,
occupational Safety and
process safety matters.
 TRAINING, AWARENESS AND
COMPETENCE
7.1 Within each UL organisation, all individuals
working for that organisation must be given the
relevant OH&S/environmental care training or
information, as appropriate. This training must be
proportionate to the individual's
OH&S/Environmental care responsibilities, abilities,
literacy and the OH&S risks/environmental aspects
associated with their work, including emergency
preparedness. Specific individual or group training
needs to be periodically assessed to ensure that
each individual or group is competent to perform
their role within the organisation's
OH&S/environmental management system.
7.2 Training programs
must make clear the
importance of effective
occupational health and
safety/environmental
management to Unilever as
a global company.
 COMMUNICATION

8.1 The organisation must

periodically provide occupational
health and safety information, as
requested by Unilever, by it's
parent organisation e.g. Business
Group , or where legally required
to do so e.g. by an external
authority.
8.2 The organisation must
establish and maintain a
system for receiving,
documenting and
responding to relevant
communication from
external interested parties.
 DOCUMENTATION

9.1 Each organisation must establish

and maintain an information system
in paper or electronic form, which
describes the core element of the
management system and their
interaction and provides direction to
related documentation.
DOCUMENT & DATA CONTROL

10.1 Each organisation must

establish and maintain systems
for the management of all
statutory and other critical
documents and data relating to
it's OH&S management system.
 OPERATIONAL CONTROL

11.1 Having established it's

significant occupational health and
safety risks, the organisation must
identify those operations and
activities where control measures
need to be applied
11.2 The organisation must plan
these activities to ensure that they
are carried out under specified
conditions by establishing and
maintaining documented
procedures and/or work
instructions to cover situations
where their absence could lead to
deviation from organisation’s
OH&S policy or objectives and
targets
11.3 The organisation must
plan these activities to ensure
that they are carried out
under specified conditions by
establishing and maintaining
specific operating criteria in
the procedures, where
appropriate
11.4 The organisation must
plan these activities to ensure
that they are carried out under
specified conditions by
establishing and maintaining
systems for the purchase
and/or use of substances,
goods, equipment and services
and their identified OH&S risks.
11.5 The organisation must plan these
activities to ensure that they are carried out
under specified conditions by establishing
and maintaining systems for the design and
maintenance of the work organisation, the
workplace, process installations,
equipment, operating procedures, including
their adaptation to human capabilities, in
order to eliminate or reduce OH&S risks at
their source. The organisation must plan
these activities to ensure that they are
carried out under specified conditions by
communicating relevant procedures and
requirements to suppliers and contractors.
11.6 Each organisation must
plan these activities to ensure
that they are carried out
under specified conditions by
communicating relevant
procedures and requirements
to suppliers and contractors.
EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND
RESPONSE

12.1 The organisation must

periodically identify and
evaluate the hazards arising
from it's operations,
activities and services to
determine the potential for
serious incidents or
emergency situations
12.2 The organisation must
establish comprehensive
emergency plans to prevent
or at least mitigate the likely
consequences associated
with each potentially serious
incident or emergency
situation.
12.3 Emergency plan must
be documented and then
kept under periodic review
12.4 Where practicable
(possible), each
organisation must
periodically practise their
emergency plans.
 PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT AND
MONITORING
13.1 The organisation must establish and
maintain systems to monitor and measure it's
OH&S performance on a regular basis. These
systems must provide for the measurement of
: Number of occupational injuries and illnesses
cases : Progress in the implementation of
agreed objectives and targets : Compliance
with procedures, work instructions and
defined operating criteria : Compliance with
applicable legislation : Compliance with
applicable internal UL standards. The
Recording of these data must be sufficient to
enable the identification of appropriate
corrective and preventive action.
13.3 Any monitoring
equipment used must be
calibrated, maintained
and records of the
calibration results and
equipment maintenance
retained .
ACCIDENTS, INCIDENTS, NON CONFORMANCES

14.1 The organisation must establish and

maintain systems for : (1) the reporting and
investigation of Occupational injuries,
Occupational illness, non conformances, (2)
reporting of serious accidents and incidents to
UL (3) taking action to mitigate any
consequences arising from such events (4) the
initiation and completion of corrective and
preventive actions (5) confirmation of the
effectiveness of corrective and preventive
actions taken. Any corrective and/or
preventive actions taken must be appropriate
to the magnitude of the problem and
commensurate with the identified occupational
health and safety risks.
 RECORDS & RECORDS
MANAGEMENT

15.1 Each organisation must

establish and maintain a system for
the identification, maintenance,
storage and retrieval of OH & Safety
records, including the results of
audits, performance and
management systems reviews.
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Independent AUDIT
Each organisation must ensure that it's OH&S
management system is subjected to an
independent audit, in order to determine whether
or not the system : Conforms to planned
arrangements for OH&S, including compliance
with Unilever Standards. The system has been
properly implemented and maintained. The
system is effective in meeting the organisation’s
policy and objectives. The key recommendations
arising from these audits must be presented to the
organisation’s top management. The time period
between independent OH&S management system
audits must be related to the degree of perceived
business risk but must be no longer than three
years.
16.2 The organisation’s
management program
must then be extended to
include actions arising
from the audit's
recommendations.
 MANAGEMENT REVIEW

17.1 organisation’s top

management team must, at least
annually, review the
performance and consider the
adequacy of it's occupational
health and safety management
system to ensure it's continuing
suitability, adequacy and
effectiveness.
17.2 The management review
must address the possible need
for changes to policy, objectives,
and other elements of the
Occupational Health and Safety
management system in the light
of management systems audits,
changing circumstances and the
commitment to continual
improvement.