10/9/2023

Compression Member
Under Concentric Axial
Load
Professor Dr. Jahangir Alam,
Former Professor of Civil Engineering,
BUET, Dhaka

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Sections

Round bar Angle Starred angle Double angle Flat bar Latticed Channel

W-section S-section Double channel Channel

(wide flange) (American
Standard)
`
` `

Built-up box sections

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W40x593
https://www.aisc.org/publications/de
tailing-resources3/dimensioningtool/

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Basic Compression Member

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Column Failure Modes

• Short columns fail by crushing in compression.
• Long columns fail by buckling at the midspan of the
member.
• Intermediate columns fail by a combination of buckling
and compression
For a pure compression member, the axial load at which the
column begins to bow outward is called the Euler critical
buckling load.

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Euler Critical Load

P
𝜋 2 𝐸𝐼

Slightly bent
𝑃𝑐𝑟 =
(𝐾𝐿)2

position
L
𝑃𝑐𝑟 = Euler’s critical load
E = Modulus of Elasticity
I = Moment of Inertia( cross-section of the
column)

P
L = unsupported length of the column
K = Effective length factor

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Euler Critical Stress, 𝜎𝑐𝑟

𝑃𝑐𝑟 𝜋 2𝐸
𝐹𝑐𝑟 = = 2 F𝐹y𝑐𝑟
𝐴𝑔 (𝐾 𝐿Τ𝑟)
r = Radius of gyration
Stress, P/A

𝐴𝑔 = Area of Gyration 𝐹𝑐𝑟

Slenderness ratio = 𝐾𝐿Τ𝑟
𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑(𝑃)
Stress =
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎(𝐴)

Slenderness ratio, 𝐾𝐿Τ𝑟

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Types of compression member

• Short column
• Intermediate column
• Long column

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KL
𝐹𝑐𝑟 vs according to LRFD
r

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L = Length of member
r = radius of gyration =
Theory vs test results 𝐼 Τ𝐴𝑔
I = moment of Inertia

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COMPACT,
NONCOMPACT &
SLENDER ELEMENT

Local Stability

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Flexural and
Torsional Buckling

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Stiffened vs Unstiffened element

Stiffened Elements
▪ supported along two
edges parallel to the
direction of the
compression force.
Unstiffened Elements
▪ supported along only
one edge parallel to
the direction of the
compression force.

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Stiffened vs Unstiffened element

• Stiffened elements
are supported along
both edges parallel
to the applied axial
load.
• Unstiffened element
has only one
unsupported edge
parallel to the axial
load.

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Types of cross section

Not related to member length
based on local stability

• Compact
• Noncompact
• Slender

• Local stability is
considered.
• Mainly related to
slenderness of elements
(web, flange)

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Compact, Noncompact and Slender Element

• A compact section reaches its cross-sectional

material strength, or capacity, before local buckling
occurs.
• In a noncompact section, only a portion of the
cross-section reaches its yield strength before local
buckling occurs.
• In a slender section, the cross-section does not
yield, and the strength of the member is governed
by local buckling. The use of slender sections as
compression members is not efficient or
economical.

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LRFD COMPRESSION
MEMBER DESIGN

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LRFD Compression Member Design

• The strength requirement in load and resistance

factor design according to AISC-E3 may be
stated
𝜙𝑐 𝑃𝑛 ≥ 𝑃𝑢
Where 𝜙𝑐 = resistance factor = 0.90
𝑃𝑛 = nominal strength
𝑃𝑢 = factored service load

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Compression
member design

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Column Critical Buckling Load

𝜋 2 𝐸𝐼
▪ 𝑃𝑒 = (with pin ends)
𝐿2

𝜋2 𝐸𝐼
▪ 𝑃𝑒 = (other than pinned)
(𝐾𝐿)2

𝜋2𝐸
• Euler critical buckling stress, 𝐹𝑒 = (with pin ends)
(𝐿 Τ𝑟)2

𝜋2 𝐸
• Euler critical buckling stress, 𝐹𝑒 = (other than pinned)
(𝐾𝐿 Τ𝑟)2

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Compressive Strength for Flexural Buckling of Members

without Slender Elements

• For various yield stresses:- Q=1 for compact and noncompact

Fe=elastic critical buckling stress
KL 𝐸
1. For ≤ 4.71 or 𝐹𝑒 ≥ 0.44𝑄𝐹𝑦
r 𝑄𝐹𝑦
𝑄𝐹𝑦
𝐹𝑐𝑟 = 0.658 𝐹𝑒 𝑄𝐹𝑦 … … … … . . (6.8.2)
KL 𝐸
2. For > 4.71 or 𝐹𝑒 < 0.44𝑄𝐹𝑦
r 𝑄𝐹𝑦
𝐹𝑐𝑟 = 0.877𝐹𝑒

𝜋 2𝐸
𝐹𝑒 =
(𝐾𝐿Τ𝑟)2
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𝜋 2𝐸
𝐹𝑒 =
𝑄𝐹𝑦 (𝐾𝐿Τ𝑟)2
𝐹𝑐𝑟 = 0.658 𝐹𝑒 𝑄𝐹𝑦

𝐹𝑐𝑟 = 0.877𝐹𝑒

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KL/r and Fe

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Maximum limit of KL/r for

compression member

𝑘𝐿
<150
𝑟
Recommended only. Not mandatory.

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DETERMINATION OF
K
(BUCKLING LENGTH FACTOR /
EFFECTIVE LENGTH COEFFICIENT)

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Effective length

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Determination of Effective Length

Factor “K”
Mainly two methods are used
• AISCM Table C-C2.2
• Nomograph or alignments charts (AISCM
Table C-C2.3 and C-C2.4)

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Buckling length coefficient, K using Table

AISCM Table C-C2.2

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Buckling length coefficient, K using Nomographs

Nomograph or alignments
charts
(AISCM Table C-C2.3 and
C-C2.4)

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Determination of Effective Length

Factor “K”
AISCM Table C-C2.2
• Useful for preliminary design when the size of
the beams, girders, and columns are still
unknown
• For building columns supported at the top and
bottom ends, it is common design practice to
assume that the column is pinned at both ends

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Determination of Effective Length

Factor “K”
Nomograph or alignments charts (AISCM Table
C-C2.3 and C-C2.4)
• Use the actual restraints at the girder-to-
column connections to determine the effective
length factor, K
• Provide more accurate values for the effective
length factor than AISCM, Table C-C2.2
• More tedious than the first method
• Only be used if the initial sizes of the columns
and girders are known

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Braced Frames
• Exist in buildings where the lateral loads are resisted by
diagonal bracing or shear-walls
• Beams and girders are usually connected to the
columns with simple shear connections
• Very little moment restraint at the connections
• The ends of columns in braced frames are assumed to
have no appreciable relative lateral sway; therefore, the
term non-sway or sidesway-inhibited is used to describe
these frames.
• The effective length factor for columns in braced
frames is taken as 1.0 (K=1.0)

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Braced Frames

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Unbraced Frames
• In unbraced or moment frames, (Figure 5-4b) the
lateral loads are resisted through bending of the beams,
girders, and columns
• The girder-to-column and beam-to-column connections
are designed as moment connections
• The ends of columns in unbraced frames undergo
relatively appreciable sidesway
• Sway or Sway-Uninhibited is used to describe these
frames
• The effective length of columns in moment frames is
usually greater than 1.0 (K>1.0)

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Unbraced Frames

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Example
Determination of Effective Length Factor, K, using the AISCM C-C2.2
Determine the effective length factor for the ground floor columns in the following frames
(see Figure).

(a) (b) (c)

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Buckling length coefficient, K using Table

AISCM Table C-C2.2

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Example
SOLUTION:
• a. Braced Frame
Since the building is braced by diagonal braces and shear
walls, the K-value for all columns in the building is assumed
to be 1.0.
• b. Unbraced Frames (Moment Frame with Pinned
Column Bases)
Since the bottom ends of the ground floor columns are
pinned, the effective length factor, K, for each column at this
level in the moment frame is 2.4.
• c. Unbraced Frames (Moment Frame with Fixed
Column Bases)
Since the bottom ends of the ground floor columns are fixed,
the effective length factor, K, for each column at this level in
the moment frame is 1.2.

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DETERMINATION OF K USING NOMOGRAPH

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Alignment Chart or Nomograph

for
Nonsway / braced frame

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Alignment Chart or Nomograph

for
Sway / moment frame

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Column to girder stiffness ratio

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Girder Stiffness Modification Factor

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Column reduction factors

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Procedure of using alignment chart/

nomograph
• Calculate the factored axial load, Pu, on the column.
• Calculate the stiffness of the girders and columns at top
and bottom (girder stiffness = 0 for simple shear
connection)
• Calculate the G-factors at both ends of the column. GA =
at bottom, GB = at top (For a pinned column base, use
GA=10; for a fixed column base, use GA = 1.0.
• Plot the GA and GB factors on the corresponding vertical
axes of the applicable alignment chart.
• Join the two plotted points (i.e., GA and GB) with a
straight line; the point at which the vertical K-axis on the
alignment chart is intercepted gives the value of the
effective length factor, K.

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Problem

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Problem

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Solution

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LOCAL STABILITY CHECK

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Types of cross section based on local stability

Not related to member length

• Compact
• Noncompact
• Slender

• Local stability is
considered.
• Mainly related to
slenderness of elements
(web, flange)

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Flexural and
Torsional Buckling

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Local Stability of Columns

• Compact section, reaches its
cross-sectional material
strength, or capacity, before
local buckling occurs.
• Noncompact section, only a
portion of the cross-section
reaches its yield strength
before local buckling occurs.
• Slender section, the cross-
section does not yield and the
strength of the member is
governed by local buckling.

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Stiffened and Unstiffened

Elements

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Local Buckling

Unstiffened Elements
▪ supported along only
one edge parallel to
the direction of the
compression force.
Unstiffened Elements
▪ supported along two
edges parallel to the
direction of the
compression force.

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Limiting width–thickness ratios

for compression elements

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Limiting width–thickness ratios

for compression elements

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Limiting width–thickness ratios

for compression elements

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Limiting width–thickness ratios

for compression elements

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ANALYSIS PROCEDURE OF
COMPRESSION MEMBER
WITHOUT SLENDER ELEMENTS

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Analysis Procedure For Compression

Members
• Determine the
effective length
“KL” & slenderness
𝐾𝐿
ratio, for each
𝑟
axis

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Analysis Procedure For Compression

Members: Method 1
𝜙𝑐 𝑃𝑛 = 𝜙𝑐 𝐹𝑐𝑟 𝐴𝑔
Where, 𝜙𝑐 = 0.90
𝑃𝑛 = Nominal Compressive Strength, kips
𝐹𝑐𝑟 = Flexural buckling stress, ksi
𝐴𝑔 = Gross cross-sectional area of the column, in2

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Analysis Procedure For Compression

Members: Method 1
𝐾𝐿 𝐸
When, ≤ 4.71 (or, when 𝐹𝑒 ≥ 0.44𝐹𝑦 )
𝑟 𝐹𝑦
𝐹𝑦
𝐹𝑐𝑟 = 0.658𝐹𝑒 𝐹𝑦
𝐾𝐿 𝐸
When, > 4.71 (or, when 𝐹𝑒 < 0.44𝐹𝑦 )
𝑟 𝐹𝑦
𝐹𝑐𝑟 = 0.877𝐹𝑒

𝜋 2𝐸
𝐹𝑒 =
(𝐾𝐿Τ𝑟)2

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𝜋 2𝐸
𝐹𝑒 =
𝑄𝐹𝑦 (𝐾𝐿Τ𝑟)2
𝐹𝑐𝑟 = 0.658 𝐹𝑒 𝑄𝐹𝑦

𝐹𝑐𝑟 = 0.877𝐹𝑒

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Analysis Procedure For Compression

Members: Method 2
• AISC Available Critical Stress Tables (AISCM,
Table 4-22)
• Determine 𝐹𝑐𝑟 from the table using the larger of
𝐾𝑥 𝐿𝑥 𝐾𝑦𝐿𝑦
and
𝑟𝑥 𝑟𝑦

• 𝜙𝑃𝑐𝑟 = 𝜙𝐹𝑐𝑟 𝐴𝑔

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Analysis Procedure For Compression

Members: Method 3
• AISCM Available Compression Strength Tables
(AICSM, Tables 4-1 through 4-12)
𝐾𝑥 𝐿𝑥
• Use the larger of, 𝑟𝑥 & 𝐾𝑦 𝐿𝑦
𝑟𝑦

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Example: Column Analysis using the

AISC Equations
Calculate the design compressive strength of a W12 x 65
column, 20 ft. long, and pinned at both ends. Use ASTM
A572 steel.

Lx = Ly =20 ft.
K = 1.0
Fy = 50 ksi
Ag =19.1 in2.
Obtain the smallest radius of gyration, r, for W12X65
from AISCM, part 1. For aW12X65,
rx=5.28 in., and
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Example: Column Analysis using the

AISC Equations
Use the smaller value, since KL is the same for both axes
𝐾𝐿 1 20𝑓𝑡 12
= = 79.5 < 200 (𝑂𝐾)
𝑟 3.02
Check the slenderness criteria for compression elements:
bf = 12 in. (b = 12/2 = 6 in.)
tf = 0.605 in.
tw= 0.39 in.
h = d - 2kdes = 12.1 – (2) 1.20 = 9.7 in.
• (Note: kdes, used for design, is smaller than kdet, used
for detailing. The difference in these values is due to
the variation in the fabrication processes.)

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Example: Column Analysis using the

AISC Equations
𝑏 𝐸 6 29000
≤ 0.56 ; = 9.92 < 0.56 = 13.48 (OK) Local buckling check
𝑡 𝐹𝑦 0.065 50

ℎ 𝐸 9.7 29000
≤ 1.49 ; = 24.88 < 1.49 = 35.88 (OK)
𝑡𝑤 𝐹𝑦 0.39 50

Determine the flexural buckling stress Fcr :

𝐸 29000
4.71 = 4.71 = 113.4
𝐹𝑦 50
𝐾𝐿
Since, = 79.5 < 113.4,
𝑟
𝐹𝑦
use equation, 𝐹𝑐𝑟 = 0.658 𝐹𝑒 𝐹𝑦 to determine 𝐹𝑐𝑟

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Example: Column Analysis using the

AISC Equations
𝜋 2 𝐸 𝜋 2 29000
𝐹𝑒 = = = 45.3 𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝐾𝐿 79.5 2
( 2)
𝑟
𝐹𝑦 50
𝐹𝑐𝑟 = 0.658 𝐹𝑒
𝐹𝑦 = 0.65845.3 50 = 31.5 𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜙𝐹𝑐𝑟 = 0.90 31.5 = 28.4 𝑘𝑠𝑖
The design strength of the column is then determined
from the equation,
𝜙𝑐𝑃𝑛 = 𝜙𝑐 𝐹𝑐𝑟 𝐴𝑔 = 0.9x31.5x19.1 = 541 kips

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Example: Column Analysis using

the AISC Equations
• From AISCM, Table 4-22, ϕFcr could be obtained
directly by entering the table with KL/r = 79.5 and Fy
= 50 ksi. A value of about ϕFcr = 28.4 is obtained,
which confirms the calculation above.
• Alternatively, the design strength could be obtained
directly from AISC, Table 4-1 (i.e., the column load
tables). Go to the table with KL = 20 ft. and obtain
ϕPn = 541 ksi.

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Design Procedures For Members Not

Listed in the AISCM Column Tables
• Calculate Pu, assume 𝜙cFcr > Fy
𝑃𝑢
• Determine Ag required >
𝜙𝑐 𝐹𝑐𝑟
• Select a section from part 1 of the AISCM with
Ag >Ag required

𝐾𝐿
• Check that ≤ 200 for each axis.
𝑟
• Compute the actual 𝜙𝑐𝐹𝑐𝑟 Using either AISCM, Table 4-22
or the equation given below,
𝐹𝑦
𝐹𝑐𝑟 = 0.658 𝐹𝑒 𝐹𝑦
𝐹𝑐𝑟 = 0.877𝐹𝑒
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AISCM Table 4-22

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Design Procedures For Compression

Members: For Members Not Listed in
the AISCM Column Tables
• Compute, 𝜙𝑐 𝑃𝑛 = (𝜙𝑐 𝐹𝑐𝑟 )𝐴𝑔
𝜙𝑐 𝑃𝑛 ≥ 𝑃𝑢 → Adequate → Check local buckling (see Table 5-1).

• 𝜙𝑐 𝑃𝑛 < 𝑃𝑢 → Inadequate
– repeat all the steps above until 𝜙𝑐𝑃𝑛 is just greater than
or equal to the factored load, Pu
• Check local buckling (Table 5.1)

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Table 5.1

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Table 5.1

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Table 5.1

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Design Procedures For Members

Listed in the AISCM Column
Tables
• Calculate Pu (the factored load)
• Obtain the K, from Figure on right side and
calculate the effective length, KL
• Use AISCM, Tables 4-1 through 4-21 with KL
𝐾 𝐿
value that is larger of 𝑥𝑟𝑥 𝑥 & 𝐾𝑦 𝐿𝑦 . Take the
𝑟𝑦

lightest column section with 𝜙𝑃𝑛 > the factored

load, Pu.

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Design Example-1
Design of Axially Loaded Columns Using the
AISCM Tables.
Select a W14 column of ASTM A572, grade 50 steel,
14 ft. long, pinned at both ends, and subjected to the
following service loads:
PD =160 kips
PL =330 kips

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Design Example-1
Solution:
• A572, grade 50 steel: Fy=50 ksi
• Pinned at both ends, K=1.0
• L=14 ft: KL=(1.0)(14) =14 ft.

The factored load,

Pu= 1.2PD+1.6PL=1.2(160)+1.6(330)=720 kips.

From the column load tables in part 4 of the AISCM, find

the W14 tables. Enter these tables with KL=14 ft. and find
the lightest W14 with 𝜙𝑐 𝑃𝑛 >𝑃𝑢 . We obtain a W14 X 82
with 𝜙𝑐 𝑃𝑛 = 774 kips > Pu = 720 kips
(Note: 𝜙𝑐 𝑃𝑛 = 701 kips for W14 X 74.)
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Design Example-2
Column Design for Sections Not Listed
in the AISCM Column Load Tables.

Select a W18 column of ASTM A36 steel, 26 ft.

long, and subjected to a factored axial load of 500
kips. Assume that the column is pinned at both ends.

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Design Example-2
Solution:

Since W18 shapes are not listed in the AISCM

column load tables, we cannot use these tables to
design this column.

Pu = 500 kips,
KL = 1.0 X 26 ft. = 26 ft.

(continued)

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Design Example-2
Solution:
Cycle-1:
1. Assume 𝜙𝑐 𝐹𝑐𝑟 = 20 𝑘𝑠𝑖 < 𝐹𝑦 36 𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝑃𝑢 500
2. Ag required ≥ = = 25 in. 2
𝜙𝑛 𝐹𝑐𝑟 20
3. Select W18 section part 1 of the AISCM with 𝐴𝑔 ≥
25 𝑖𝑛2
Try W18 X 86 with,
Ag= 25.3 in2
rx= 7.77 in
ry= 2.63 in
(continued)
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Design Example-2
Solution:

Cycle-1:
𝐾𝐿 1 26 𝑓𝑡. 12
= = 118.6 < 200 Ok
𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛 2.63

4. Go to AISCM, Table 4-22, with the KL/r value

from step 3 and obtain 𝜙𝑐 𝐹𝑐𝑟 = 15.5 ksi

(continued)

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Design Example-2
Solution:

Cycle-1:

5. 𝜙𝑐 𝑃𝑛 = 𝜙𝑐 𝐹𝑐𝑟 𝐴𝑔 = (15.5 ksi)(25.3 in2) = 392

kips < Pu = 500 kips
The selected column is not adequate. Therefore,
proceed to cycle 2

(continued)

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Design Example-2
Solution:
Cycle-2:
1. Assume 𝜙𝑐 𝐹𝑐𝑟 =15.5 ksi (from step 4 of the
previous cycle).
𝑃𝑢 500
2. 𝐴𝑔 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 ≥ 𝜙 = = 32.3 𝑖𝑛2
𝑐 𝐹𝑐𝑟 15.5
3. Try W18X119 with, Ag=35.1 in2 > Ag required
rx= 7.90 in., and
ry= 2.69 in
𝐾𝐿 1 26 𝑓𝑡 12
= = 116 < 200 OK
𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛 2.69
(continued)

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Design Example-2
Solution:
Cycle-2:
𝐾𝐿
4. Go to AISC Table 4-22 with = 116 and
𝑅
𝜙𝑐 𝐹𝑐𝑟 = 16 𝑘𝑠𝑖
5. The compression design strength is,
𝜙𝑐 𝑃𝑛 = 𝜙𝑐 𝐹𝑐𝑟 𝐴𝐺 = (16 𝑘𝑠𝑖)(35.1 𝑖𝑛2)= 561
kips > 𝑃𝑢 = 500 𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠 𝑂𝐾

Therefore, the W18 X119 column is adequate

(continued)

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Design Example-2
Solution:
Cycle-2:
6. Check the slenderness criteria for compression
elements: k
bf = 11.3 in.(b = 11.3/2 = 5.65 in.)
tf =1.06 in.
tw = 0.655 in.
h = d - 2kdes = 19.0 -(2)(1.46) = 16.08 in.

(Note: kdes is smaller than kdet and should be used for

the design. The difference in these values is due to
the variation in the fabrication processes.)
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Design Example-2
Solution:
Cycle-2:
𝑏 𝐸 5.65 29000
≤ 0.56 ; = 5.33 < 0.56 = 15.9 (OK)
𝑡 𝐹𝑦 1.06 36

𝑏 𝐸 16.08 29000
≤ 1.49 ; = 24.5 < 1.49 = 42.2 (OK)
𝑡𝑤 𝐹𝑦 0.655 36

This implies that the column section is not slender;

therefore, the design strength calculated above does not
have to be reduced for slenderness effects.

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COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF COLUMN

WITH SLENDER ELEMENTS

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Compressive Strength for Flexural Buckling

of Members with Slender Elements
Nominal Compressive Strength, 𝑃𝑛 = 𝐹𝑐𝑟 𝐴𝑔
𝐾𝐿 𝐸
▪ When ≤ 4.71 (or 𝐹𝑒 ≥ 0.44𝑄𝐹𝑦 )
𝑟 𝑄𝐹𝑦

𝑄𝐹𝑦
𝐹𝑐𝑟 = 𝑄 0.658 𝐹𝑒 𝐹𝑦

𝐾𝐿 𝐸
▪ When > 4.71 (or 𝐹𝑒 < 0.44𝑄𝐹𝑦 )
𝑟 𝑄𝐹𝑦

𝐹𝑐𝑟 = 0.887𝐹𝑒
𝜋2𝐸
Here, 𝐹𝑒 = elastic critical buckling stress = 𝐾𝐿 2
𝑟

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Compressive Strength for Flexural Buckling

of Members with Slender Elements
Q = 𝑄𝑠 𝑄𝑎 = for members with slender elements
= 1.0 for compact and noncompact shapes
𝑄𝑠 = reduction factor for unstiffened elements

𝑄𝑎 = reduction factor for stiffened elements

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Compressive Strength for Flexural Buckling

of Members without Slender Elements
Nominal Compressive Strength, 𝑃𝑛 = 𝐹𝑐𝑟 𝐴𝑔
𝐾𝐿 𝐸 Q=1.0
▪ When ≤ 4.71 (or 𝐹𝑒 ≥ 0.44𝐹𝑦 )
𝑟 𝐹𝑦

𝐹𝑦
𝐹𝑐𝑟 = 0.658 𝐹𝑒 𝐹𝑦

𝐾𝐿 𝐸
▪ When > 4.71 (or 𝐹𝑒 < 0.44𝐹𝑦 )
𝑟 𝐹𝑦

𝐹𝑐𝑟 = 0.887𝐹𝑒
𝜋2𝐸
Here, 𝐹𝑒 = elastic critical buckling stress = 𝐾𝐿 2
𝑟

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𝜋 2𝐸
𝐹𝑒 =
𝑄𝐹𝑦 (𝐾𝐿Τ𝑟)2
𝐹𝑐𝑟 = 0.658 𝐹𝑒 𝑄𝐹𝑦

𝐹𝑐𝑟 = 0.877𝐹𝑒

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Limiting criteria for Compact, Noncompact,

and Slender elements

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Limiting criteria for Compact, Noncompact,

and Slender elements

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Limiting criteria for Compact, Noncompact,

and Slender elements

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Limiting criteria for Compact, Noncompact,

and Slender elements

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Avoid Slender Elements

• Compact section is preferable
• Noncompact can be used
• Slender sections should be avoided.
Because it is not economical at all.

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DESIGN OF BUILT-UP COLUMN SECTION

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Using etabs Etabs>define>

section properties>
frame section>
add new property

Elastic Section modulus,

S = I/c
Plastic Section Modulus,
Z = Acyc+Atyt

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Using online program

https://optimalbeam.com/section-properties.php

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Column built-up section design

• Select a preliminary section
• Determine section properties
• Check local stability and revise the section
to make compact or noncompact section
• Determine revised section properties
• Determine KL/r, Fe, and Fcr
𝑃𝑢
• Ag required ≥ 𝜙
𝑐 𝐹𝑐𝑟
• Compare with revised section and continue
trial

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𝜋 2𝐸
𝐹𝑒 =
𝑄𝐹𝑦 (𝐾𝐿Τ𝑟)2
𝐹𝑐𝑟 = 0.658 𝐹𝑒 𝑄𝐹𝑦

𝐹𝑐𝑟 = 0.877𝐹𝑒

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END

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