Motion

1. Joseph jogs from point A to point B of a straight 300 m road in 2 min 30 s. He

turns around and jogs 100 m to reach point C in another 1 min. What are the
average speeds and velocities of Joseph:
(a) From point A to B?
[2 marks]
[NCERT]

Solution:
(a) From A to B:

To find:
Average speed =?

Average velocity =?

Given: Distance covered = 300 m

Time taken = 2 min 30 s = 150 s

[1 mark]

Total distance covered

⇒ Average speed =
Total time taken
300
−1
⇒ = 2 ms
150

Displacement = Shortest distance between A and B = 300m

Time taken between points A and B = 150s

Displacement
⇒ Average velocity =
Total time taken
300
−1
⇒ = 2 ms
150

Thus, the average speed and the average velocity of Joseph in jogging from
A to B are the same, 2ms . −1

[1 mark]

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 Motion

2. A motorboat starting from rest on a lake accelerates in a straight line at a

constant rate of 3.0 ms for 8.0 s. How far does the boat travel during this
−2

time?
[2 Marks] [NCERT]
Given:
Initial velocity, u = 0 (The motorboat is initially at rest.)
Acceleration, a = 3ms −2

Time taken, t = 8s

To find : Distance travelled (s)

According to the second equation of motion,

1
2
s = ut + at
2
1
2
s = 0 × 8 + × 3 × (8)
2
s = 0 + 3 × 32 [2 Marks]

Thus, the motorboat travels a distance of 96 m.

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 Motion

3. A driver of a car travelling at 52 kmh applies the brakes and accelerates

−1

uniformly in the opposite direction. The car stops in 5 s. Another driver

travelling at 3 kmh in another car applies his brakes slowly and stops in 10 s.
−1

On the same graph, plot the speed vs. time graphs for the two cars. Which of
the two cars travelled farther after the brakes were applied?
The speed vs. time graph for the two cars is shown in the following figure.

[3 marks]
[NCERT]
[Speed vs Time graph]

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 Motion
Solution:
For the first car:

5
Initial speed,u 1
= 52 kmh
−1
= 52 × = 14.44 ms
−1

18

Time taken to stop the car, t 1 = 5 s

Final speed, v 1
= 0

For the second car:

5
Initial speed, u 2 = 3 kmh
−1
= 3 × = 0.83 ms
−1

18

[1 mark]

Time taken to stop the car, t 2

= 10 s

Final speed, v 2 = 0

Distance covered = Area under the speed–time graph

Distance covered by the first car = Area under the graph line PQ

= Area of triangle POQ

1 1
= × (OQ) × (OP ) = × (5) × (14.44)
2 2
= 36.10 m

[1 mark]

Distance covered by the second car = Area under the graph line RS

= Area of triangle ROS

1 1
= × (OS) × (OR) = × (10) × (0.833)
2 2
= 4.16 m

Thus, area of triangle POQ > area of triangle ROS

Hence, the car travelling with a speed of 52 kmh −1

travelled farther after
brakes were applied.

[1 mark]

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 Motion

4. The speed–time graph for a car is shown is in the figure given below.

Find how far the car travels in the first 4 seconds. Shade the area on the
graph that represents the distance travelled by the car during the period.
[3 Marks]
[NCERT]

Solution:
The distance travelled by the car in the first 4 seconds is given by the area
between the curve and the time axis from t = 0 to t = 4 s.

On the time-axis:
2
5 squares represent 2 s ⇒ 1 square represents s
5

On the distance axis:

2
3 squares represent 2 m/s ⇒ 1 square represents m/s [1 Mark]
3

So, area of 1 square on the graph = (2/3) × (2/5) = 4/15 [1 Mark]

Squares with area less than the area of half squares can be neglected.
Squares with area more than the area of half squares can be counted.
Therefore, approximately the total number of squares = 62

Area = 62× (4/15) = 16.53 [1 Mark]

Thus, the car travels a distance of 16.53 m in the first 4 seconds.

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 Motion

5. A ball is gently dropped from a height of 20 m. If its velocity increases

uniformly at the rate of 10 ms , with what velocity will it strike the ground?
−2

After what time will it strike the ground?

[5 Marks]
Solution:
Given: Initial velocity, u = 0 (Since the ball was initially at rest)
Displacement of the ball, s = +20 m (Sign convention)
Acceleration, a = +10 ms (Sign convention)
−2

Final velocity, v = ? [1 Mark]

According to the third equation of motion,

2 2
v = u + 2as
2
v = 0 + 2 × (+10) × (+20) = 400

v = ±20
v = 20 m/s [2 Marks]

The ball will strike the ground with a velocity of 20 m/s .

According to the first equation of motion,

v = u + at
20 = 0 + (+10)(t)

t = 2 s [2 Marks]

Hence, the ball will strike the ground after

2 s with a velocity of 20 ms .
−1

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 Motion

6. An athlete completes one round of a circular track of diameter 200 m in 40 s.

What will the distance covered and the displacement at the end of 2 minutes
20 s be?

[2 marks]
[Distance and Displacement]

Solution:
Given: Diameter, d = 200 m
Time required, T = 40 s

Total distance covered =?

Displacement =?

Circumference of the track

= 2πr = πd
= 200π m

Total time = 2 min 20 s = 140 s

i)

Distance covered in 40 s = 200π m

140
Distance covered in 140 s = 200π m ×
40
22
= 700π = 700 × = 2200 m
7
[1 mark]

ii)

140
Number of laps = = 3.5
40

So, after 3.5 laps:

Displacement = Final position – Initial position

= Diameter of the track

Hence, displacement = 200 m

The distance covered by the athlete in 2 min 20 s is 2200 m and the

displacement is 200 m.

[1 mark]

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 Motion

7.
A vehicle is accelerating on a staright [Link] velocity at any instant is 30
km h ,after 2 s, it is 33.6 km h and after further 2 s, it is 37.2 km h . Find
−1 −1 −1

the acceleration of vehicle in m s . Is the accleration uniform?

−2

[3 Marks]

First part:
Change in velocity = 33.6 kmph - 30 kmph = 3.6 kmph =
5
3.6 × m/s = 1 m/s
18

1 m/s
So, acceleration = Change in velocity / Time = 2 s
= 0.5 m/s
2

[1 Mark]

Second part:
Change in velocity = 37.2 kmph - 33.6 kmph = 3.6 kmph = 1 m/s
[1 Mark]
1 m/s
So, acceleration = Change in velocity / Time = 2 s
= 0.5 m/s
2

[1 Mark]

Hence, the acceleration is uniform.

8. State the difference between uniform motion and non-uniform motion. (2

marks)

Solution:

Uniform motion Non-uniform motion Mark

(i) In uniform motion, object (i) In non-uniform motion, object
covers equal distances in equal covers unequal distances in equal 1
time intervals. time intervals.
(ii) In this case, the average (ii) In this case, average speed is
speed is same as the actual generally different from the actual 1
speed. speed.

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 Motion

9. A girl walks along a straight path to drop a letter in the letterbox and comes
back to her initial Position. Her displacement–time graph is shown in the figure
given below. Plot a velocity–time graph for the same.

[5 Marks]
[NCERT Exemplar]
[Velocity-Time graph]
Solution:
Initially, at time t = 0, the displacement = 0 and at time t = 50 s,
displacement = 100 m
displacement
We know, velocity =
100−0
−1
= = 2 ms
time 50−1

[1 Mark]
and after time t = 50 s, the velocity is decreasing at a uniform rate.
At t = 100 s, displacement = 0
0−100
Therefore in this case, velocity = = −2 ms
100−50
−1

[2 Marks]
Therefore the velocity-time graph for the above-mentioned displacement-
time graph will look like

[2 Marks]

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 Motion

10. The velocity-time graph shows the motion of a cyclist. Find (i) its acceleration
(ii) its velocity and (iii) the distance covered by the cyclist in 15 seconds.

[2 Marks]
Solution:
(i) Since velocity is not changing, acceleration is equal to zero.
[0.5 Marks]

(ii) Reading the graph, velocity = 20 ms

−1

[0.5 Marks]

(iii) Distance covered in 15 seconds, s = u × t = 20 × 15 = 300 m

[1 Mark]

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 Motion

11. A train is travelling at a speed of 90 kmph. Brakes are applied so as to

produce a uniform acceleration of −0.5 m s . Find how far the train will go
−2

before it is brought to rest.

[3 Marks]

Solution:

Given:
5
The initial speed of the train, u = 90 kmph = 90 × = 25 m s
−1

18
[0.5 mark]

The final speed of the train, v = 0 (as the train finally comes to rest)

The acceleration of the train, a = −0.5 m s −2

Solving for the distance covered by the train:

Let s be the distance covered.

According to the third equation of motion, v 2

= u
2
+ 2as

[1 mark]

2 2
⇒(0) = (25) + (2 × −0.5 × s)

2
−25
⇒s = = 625 m
2 × −0.5
[1.5 marks]

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 Motion

12. How will the equations of motion for an object moving with uniform velocity
change? [2 MARKS]

Three equations of motion are:

v = u + at

1
2
s = ut + at
2
2 2
v = u + 2as

If an object is moving with uniform velocity, then there would be zero or no

acceleration.
[1 MARK]

Therefore, acceleration of the object, 𝑎=0,

Hence, by substituting the above value of acceleration in the equations of

motion, we get:
v = u

s = ut
2 2
v –u = 0

[1 MARK]

13. A lead bullet of mass 0.1 kg, travelling with a velocity of 20 ms , comes to rest
−1

after penetrating 20 m in a still target. Find the average acceleration (a) of the
bullet.
[2 Marks] [NCERT]

Solution:
Given:
Initial velocity, u = 20 ms −1

Final velocity, v = 0
Distance travelled, s = 20 m

From third equation of motion, we have

v = u + 2as​ [1 Mark]
2 2

2 2
0 = 20 + (2 × a × 20)

⇒ a = −10 ms
−2
[1 Mark]

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 Motion

14. An artificial satellite is moving in a circular orbit of radius 42, 250 km. Calculate
its speed if it takes 24 h to revolve around the Earth.
[3 Marks]
Given: Radius of the circular orbit, r = 42, 250 km
Time taken to complete one revolution around the Earth, t = 24 h

To find: Speed of the satellite, v

2πr
Speed of an object moving in a circular orbit, v = [1 Mark]
t

2 × π × 42250 km
v =
24 h

2 × 3.14 × 42250 km
v = [1 Mark]
24 h

−1
v = 11055.42 kmh

11055.42
−1
v = kms
3600

v = 3.07 kms
−1
[1 Mark]

Hence, the speed of the artificial satellite

is 3.07 kms ,. −1

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 Motion

15. What can you say about the motion of an object whose distance-time graph is
a straight line parallel to the time axis?
[2 Marks]
Solution:
If the distance-time graph is a straight line parallel to the time axis, that
means the body is not changing its position with time, the body is at rest.
[1 Mark]

[1 Mark]

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