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0 3 Figure 4 and Figure 5 show apparatus used in an experiment to confirm the box

distribution of atom speeds in a gas at a particular temperature.

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Figure 4 Figure 5

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The oven contains an ideal gas kept at a constant temperature. Atoms of the gas
emerge from the oven and some pass through the narrow slit S in a rapidly rotating
drum. The drum is in a vacuum.

0 3 . 1 Explain why the drum must be in a vacuum.

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One atom leaves the oven, enters the drum through S and travels in a straight line
across the drum.

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In the time taken for the atom to move from S to the detector AB, the drum rotates
through 45°. The atom hits the detector at point C, as shown in Figure 5.

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drum diameter = distance from S to A = 0.500 m

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drum rotational speed = 120 revolutions per second

0 3 . 2 Show that the atom is moving at a speed of about 500 m sí1.

0 3 . 3 The speed of the atom in Question 03.2 is equal to crms, the root mean square speed
of the atoms of the gas in the oven.
The molar mass of the gas is 0.209 kg molí1.

Calculate the temperature of the gas in the oven.

temperature = K

Question 3 continues on the next page

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0 3 . 4 The oven temperature is kept constant during the experiment but the pressure in the box

oven decreases as atoms leave through the exit hole.

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Explain, using the kinetic theory, why the pressure decreases.

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[2 marks]

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0 3 . 5 The pressure of gas in the oven is initially 5.0 × 104 Pa.
The volume of the oven is 2.7 × 10í2 m3.
During the experiment the pressure in the oven decreases to 4.5 × 104 Pa.

Calculate, in mol, the amount of gas that has emerged from the oven.
[1 mark]

amount of gas = mol

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0 3 . 6 Atoms enter the drum every time S passes the exit hole. The detector darkens at the box

point where an atom strikes it.

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After a time, the detector is removed from the drum.
Figure 6 shows the appearance of the detector.

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Figure 6

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A new detector is placed in the drum and the experiment is repeated with a new
sample of the same gas at a higher temperature.

Describe and explain the appearance of this detector when the experiment is
repeated.
[2 marks]

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