G U GM255M 89 = 9006377 0008L4L 712

~GENERALIoToRs
ENGINEERING STANDARDS
I Materials and Processes - Metals
I
MEICHANICAL AND QUALITY REQUIREMENTS FOR EXTERNALLY
THREADED FASTENERS
GM255M GM260M GM275M GM280M GM290M GM300M GM455M

1 SCOPE. This standard covers the mechanical and 3.2 HEADING PRACTICE. Methods other than upsetting
quality requirements for nine grades of steel bolts, screws, and/or extrusion are permitted only by special agreement
studs, Sems, and U-bolts with hardness of HRC 39 maximum. between purchaser and supplier.
Tapping screws, thread roiling screws and self drilling tapping
screws are not included. 3.2.1 Grade 1 bolts and screws may be hot or cold headed at
option of the manufacturer,
1.1 The term 'stud' as referred to herein applies to a cylindri-
cal rod of moderate length, threaded on either one or both ends 3.2.2 Grades 2, 5,7 and 8 bolts and screws in sizes up to 3/4
or throughout its entire length. It does not apply to headed, inch, inclusive, and in lengths up to 6 inch, inclusive, shall be
collared or similar products which are closely characterized by cold headed, except that by special agreement they may be hot
requirements showri herein for bolts. headed. A photograph of typical grain flow pattern showing
grain flow at the head-shank junction of a flange head bolt
1.2 For specification purposes this standard treats 'U-bolts' (Figure 1) is not shown here. The photograph is available from
as studs. Thus, wherever the word 'studs' appears 'U-bolts' are GM Engineering Standards Department.
also implied. U-bolts covered by this standard are those used
primarily in the suspension and related area of vehicles. (De- 3.2.3 Grade 5.1 screws shall be cold headed.
signers should recognize that the 'U' configuration may not
sustain a load equivalent to two bolts or studs of the same size 3.2.4 GM455M shall be same as Grade 2.
and grade; thus actuial load carrying capacity of U-bolts should
be determined by siiddie load tests.) 3.3 THREADING PRACTICE.
3.3.1 Grades 2, 5, and 8 bolts and screws in sizes up to 3/4
inch, inclusive, and lengths up to 6 inch, inclusive, shall be roll
threaded, unless otherwise approved by purchaser.
3.3.2 Grade 7 bolts and screws shall be roll threaded after
heat treatment.
3.3.3 Grade 5.1 screws shall be roll threaded.
3.3.4 Threads of all sizes of Grade 1 bolts and screws and
Grade GM Number SAE Grade Grades 2,5, and 8 bolts and screws in sizes over 314 inch and/
.Number Number or lengths longer îhan 6 inch may be rolled, cut or ground at
GM255M 1 GM290M 7 option of the manufacturer.
GM260M 2 GM3OOM 8 3.3.5 Threads of all grades and sizes of studs may be rolled,
4 - 8.1 cut or ground at option of the manufacturer.
GM280M 5 GM455M None 3.3.6 GM455M shall be same as Grade 2.
GM275M 5.1
3.4 HEAT TREATMENT PRACTICE.
2.2 GRADES. Bolts and screws are normally available only
in Grades 1 , 2 , 5 , 7 and 8. Studs are normally available only in 3.4.1 Grade 1 bolts and screws and Grades 1 and 2 studs
need not be heat treated.
Grades 1, 2, 4, 5, 8)and 8.1. Grade 5.1 is normally used only
for Sems which are heat treated following assembly of the 3.4.2 Grade 2 cold headed bolts and screws shall be stress
washer on the screw. GM455M is applicable to bolts, screws relieved at a temperature of 470 C minimum.
and studs made froin corrosion resistant steel only.
3.4.3 Grades 4 and 8.1 studs are manufactured from preheat-
3 MATERIALS AND PROCESSES. treated material and the studs, as manufactured, need no fur-
ther heat treatment.
3.1 STEEL CHARACTERISTICS. Bolts, screws and studs
shall be made from steel conforming to the description and 3.4.4 Grade 5 bolts, screws and studs shall be austenitized
chemical composition requirements specified in Table 2 for the and quenched to obtain a strucnire of minimum 90% marten-
applicable grade. site and then tempered at a temperature of 425 C min.

om M APRIL 1W9 General Motors Cwporauon All Rm

i s [Link],ed

APRIL 1989 --```,,,``,,`,`,`,,`,``,```,,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

PAGE 1 255M
Copyright General Motors North America
Provided by IHS under license with GM Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707100
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, 09/14/2009 [Link] MDT
 G M GM255M 8 9 9006377 O O O ö L 4 2 659

I GENERAL MOTORS ENGINEERING STANDARDS

I Materials and Processes - Metals
i
MECHANIICAL AND QUALITY REQUIREMENTS FOR EXTERNALLY
THREADED FASTENERS
GM1255M GM260M GM275M GM280M GM290M GM300M GM455M

TABLE 1 - MECHANIICAL REQUIREMENTS AND IDENTIFICATION MARKING FOR BOLTS, SCREWS,

STUDS, U-BOLTS* AND SEMS

O M2WM

OM260M

- 115,000 100,ooO

iamo [Link]
ûM28OM
1Qsms1.m

QM27SM 1mO
. Oo -

ûM28OM 133.000 115,ooO

QM3OûM 1m.m 130,ooo

i
som 130,am

ßY460M4

3.4.5 Grade 5.1 screws shall be austenitized and quenched to 3.4.6 Grades 7 and 8 bolts and screws and Grade 8 studs
obtain a structure of 90% martensite minimum and then tem- shall be austenitized and quenched to obtain a structure of 90%
pered at temperature of 340 C min. For Grade 5.1 s e m , martensite minimum and then tempered at a temperature of
quenchants whose principal constituent is water shall not be 425 C minimum.
used unless approved by user.

O COpyngM APRIL 1989 General Motors Capwation All Rights Reserved

255M PAGE 2
--```,,,``,,`,`,`,,`,``,```,,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
APRIL 1989
Copyright General Motors North America
Provided by IHS under license with GM Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707100
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, 09/14/2009 [Link] MDT
 G i l GM255M 89 9006379 0008343 595 M
IO
I I ENGINEERING STANDARDS Materials and Processes - Metals

MECHANICAL AND QUALITY REQUIREMENTS FOR EXTERNALLY

THREADED FASTENERS
GM255M GM260M GM275M GM280M GM290M GM300M GM455M

TABLE 2 - CHEMICAL COMPOSITION REQUIREMENTS

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3.4.7 GM455M shall be same as Grade 2. 4.1 MECHANICAL PROPERTLES.

3.4.8 Under no circumstances shall heat treatment or carbon 4.1.1 Bolts, screws, studs and Sems shall be tested in accor-
restoration be performed in the presence of nitrogen com- dance with the mechanical testing requirements for the
pounds, such as carbonitriding or cyaniding. applicable type grade, size and length of product as specified
in Table 3 and shall meet the requirements of mechanical prop-
3.4.9 Tempering ïemperature - Audit Test. This test is a erties specified for the product in Table 1.
means of checking whether products were tempered at the
specified temperature. The hardness (mean of 3 hardness read- 4.1.2 In case of U-bolts having thread length equal to 3D or
ings) of a bolt, screw or stud as manufactured shall be longer, cut stud-like specimens from either leg of the "U" (uti-
measured. The product shall then be retempered for 30 min- lize the maximum available thread length) and test as shown
utes minimum per 1.0 inch of nominal diameter, but not less for studs. Where thread length is less than 3D, test hardness
than 30 minutes at a temperature of 10 C less than the mini- only as shown for "short studs" (applicable mechanical tests
mum tempering ternperature specified for the grade. (See 3.4.4 are shown in Table 3 and requirements in Table 1).
, 3.4.5 and 3.4.6.) Hardness of the retempered product shall
then be measured. The difference between the hardness of 4.2 DECARBURIZATION. Unless otherwise agreed by pur-
product before and after retempering shall not exceed HRC 2 chaser, Grades 5, 5.1, 7 and 8 bolts, screws, studs and sems
points for Grade 8 and HRC 3 points for Grade 5. shall conform to decarburization limits for Class B or Class C,
as described in GM6104M, "Decarburization of Hardened and
4 REQUIREMENTS. Tempered Steel Bolts."

0 CopyngM APRIL 1989 General Motors Corporation All Rights Resewed

APRIL 1989 PAGE 3 255M

Copyright General Motors North America
Provided by IHS under license with GM Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707100
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 G M GM255M 89 m 9006379 0008344 4 2 3 m

I GENERAL MOTORS; ENGINEERING STANDARDS

I Materiais and Processes - Metais
I
MECHANIICAL AND QUALITY REQUIREMENTS FOR EXTERNALLY
THREADED FASTENERS
GM1255M GM260M GM275M GM280M GM290M GMSOOM GM455M

4.3 SURFACE DISCONTINUITIES. Grades 5, 5.1, 7 and 8 ters, the end with smaller diameter shall be inserted in a
bolts, screws, studs and Sems shall conform to GM6102M, threaded wedge and unscrewed 6 full turns, thus leaving 6
which specifies allowable lhnits for the various types of sur- complete threads exposed between the grips. The bolt, screw
face discontinuities that may occur during the manufacture and or stud shall then be axially loaded to the proof load specified
processing of such products. Surface discontinuities for sizes for the applicable size, thread series, and grade in Table 5, with
and lengths of products not covered in the scope of GM6102M the load retained for a period of 15 seconds, the load removed,
shall be within limits specified by purchaser. and the overall length again measured. The speed of testing
shall not exceed 1/8 inch per minute.
5 METHODS OF TEST.
5.2.2 To meet the requirements of Item 4, the length of the
bolt, screw or stud after loading shail be the same as before
5.1 PRODUCT (BASE METAL) HARDNESS. loading within a tolerance of plus and minus 0.0005 inch.
5.1.1 For routine inspection, hardness of bolts, screws and 5.2.3 Variables, such as straightness and thread alignment
studs may be determined on head, end or shank after removal (plus measurement error) may result in apparent elongation of
of any plating or other coating to assure an accurate base metal the fasteners when the proof load is initially applied. In such
hardness. Hardness of cold formed nonheat-treated products cases, the fastener may be retested using a 3% greater load,
shall be determined on the threaded end. and may be considered satisfactory if the length after this load-
ing is the same as before this loading (within the 0.0005 inch
--```,,,``,,`,`,`,,`,``,```,,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

5.1.2 For referee purposes, the hardness of bolts, screws and tolerance for measurement error).
studs shall be determined at mid radius of a transverse section
through the threaded portion of the product taken at a distance
of 1 diameter from the end of the product. The reported hard- 5.3 AXIAL TENSILE STRENGTH. Following proof load
ness shall be the average of 4 hardness readings located at 90 testing, the same bolt, screw or stud shall be reassembled in
degrees to one another, where size of product permits. The the testing machine with 6 complete threads exposed between
preparation of test specimens and the performance of hardness the grips and axial loading applied until failure. In the case of
tests shall be in conformity with the requirements of S A E J417 Sems, washers may be removed prior to testing; however, for
andíor ASTM E18. referee testing, washer shall be removed. The grips of the test-
ing machine shall be seif-aligning to minimize side îhrust on
5.1.3 Surface Hardness. Tests to determine "surface hard- the specimen. Qpical fixturing is illustrated in Figure 2. The
ness" shall be conducted on lends, hexagon flats or unthreaded speed of testing, as determined with a free running crosshead,
shanks which have been prepared by polishing to insure accu- shall not exceed 1 inch per minute.
rate reproducible readings in accordance with SAE J417.
Proper correction factors shail be used when hardness tests are 5.3.1 To meet the requirements of Item 4, the bolt, screw or
made on curved surfaces per ASTM E18. stud shall support a load not less than the minimum tensile
strength specified for the applicable size, thread series, and
grade in Table 5 prior to product fracture. In addition, for bolts
5.2 PROOF LOAD. The proof load test consists of stressing and screws, the fracture shall occur in the body or threaded
the bolt, screw and stud withi a specified load which the prod-
uct must withstand without permanent set. section with no failure at the junction of the head and shank.

5.2.1 The overall length of the specimen shall be measured

between conical or ball centers on the center line of the speci-
men, using mating centers on the measuring anvils. The
specimen shall be marked so that it can be placed in the mea-
suring fixture in the same position for all measurements. The
measurement instrument shall be capable of measurement of
0.0001 inch. In the case of Sems, washers shall be removed
prior to testing. The grips of the testing machine shall be self-
aligning to minimize side îhnist on the specimen. For, bolts and
screws, the specimen shall be assembled in the fixture of the
tensile machine so that 6 complete threads are exposed
between the grips. This is obihed by freely running the nut or
fixture to the thread runout of the specimen and then unscrew-
ing the specimen 6 fui1 turns. When proof load testing studs,
one end of the stud shall be ,assembled in a threaded fixture to
the thread runout. For studs having unlike threads, this shall be FIGURE 2 - TENSILE TEST OF FULL SIZE BOLT
the end with the finer pitch h e a d . For studs of unlike diame- OR SCREW

o CopyigM APRIL I9ûQ General Motors CapxaUon All Righîs Reseived

255M PAGE 4 APRIL 1989

Copyright General Motors North America
Provided by IHS under license with GM Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707100
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, 09/14/2009 [Link] MDT
 G M GM255M 87 7006379 0008345 368

I GENERAL MOTORS ENGINEERING STANDARDS I Materials and Processes - Metals

I
MEXHANICAL AND QUALITY F EQUIREMENTS FOR EXTERNALLY
THREADE 3 FASTENERS
GM255M GM260M GM275M G V1280M GM290M GM300M GM455M

TABLE i3 - MECHANICAL TESTS REQUIRED FOR BOLTS, SCREWS, STUDS, AND SEMS'

Wl
UI
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All Oma
[Link]
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-
Bdoiad
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Ia6
-
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AU hrrtbm3D

Au
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. .

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wmrppl

0 CopyigM APRIL 1989 General Motors Corporation All Rights Reserved

APRIL 1989 PAGE 5 255M

Copyright General Motors North America
Provided by IHS under license with GM Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707100
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, 09/14/2009 [Link] MDT
 G M GM255M 87 W 9006377 0008146 2 T Y W

I GENERAL MOTORS ENGINEERING STANDARDS

I Materials and Processes - Metals
I
MECHANICAL AND QUALITY REQUIREMENTS FOR EXTERNALLY
THREADED FASTENERS
GN1255M GM260M GM275M GM280M GM290M GM300M GM455M

5.4 WEDGE TENSILE STRENGTH. [Link] To meet the requirements of Item 4.1 the bolt or
screw shall support a load not less than the minimum tensile
5.4.1 Bolts and Screws. Bolts or screws shall be assembled
with a wedge inserted under the head, as illustrated in Figure strength specified for the applicable size, thread series, and
3, installed in the testing maIrhine and tensile tested to failure, grade in Table 5 prior to product fracture. In addition, the frac-
as described in 5.3. The angle of the wedge for the bolt or ture shall occur in the body or threaded section with no failure
screw size and grade is specified in Table 4. The wedge shall at the junction of head and shank.
be so placed that no corner of the square or hex bolt or screw
head takes the bearing load; that is, a flat of the head shall be
aligned with the direction of uniform thickness of the wedge.

@
The wedge shall have a minimum hardness of HRC 45. The
wedge shall have a thickness of one-half the bolt or screw
diameter measured at the thin side of the hole. The hole in the
wedge shall have the following clearance over the nominal
size of the bolt or screw, and its top and bottom edges shall be i
rounded or chamfered 45 degrees to the following dimensions:

Nominal Bolt or
-
Clerirance in Radius or Depth
Screw Size inch
114 through 112
- Hole inch
0.030
of Chamfer inch
0.030
9/16 through 314 0.050 0.060
718 and 1 0.060 0.060
1-118 and 1-1/4 0.060 0.125
1-3/8 and 1-1/2 -0.094 0.125

[Link] The wedge may be either circular or square. The rec-

ommended outside dimension of the wedge is 1-314 inch for
bolt and screw sizes 114 through 314 inch, and 3-112 inch for FIGURE 3 - TENSILE TEST DETAILS FOR BOLTS
bolt and screw sizes 718 to 1-1/2 inch. AND SCREWS

O Copyright APRIL 1989 General Motors Corporation All Rights Reseived

~~

PAGE 6 APRIL 1989

--```,,,``,,`,`,`,,`,``,```,,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

255M
Copyright General Motors North America
Provided by IHS under license with GM Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707100
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, 09/14/2009 [Link] MDT
 G M GM255M 8 9 m 9006379 OOOôLLl7 130 m
IO
I I ENGINEERING STANDARDS Materials and Processes - Metals

MECHANICAL AND QUALITY REQUIREMENTS FOR EXTERNALLY

THREADED FASTENERS
GM255M GM260M GM275M GM280M GM290M GM300M GM455M

TABLE 4 - TENSILE TEST WEDGE ANGLES

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5.4.2 Studs. One end of the stud shall be assembled in a

threaded fixture to the thread runout. For studs having unlike
threads, this shall be the end with the finer pitch thread. For
studs of unlike diameters, the end with smaller diameter shall
be inserted in a threaded wedge and unscrewed six full turns,
thus leaving six co:mplete threads exposed between the grips,
as illustrated in Figure [Link] angle of the wedge for the stud
size and grade shall, be as specified in Table [Link] stud shall
be assembled in the: testing machine and tensile tested to fail-
ure, as described in 5.3.

[Link] The minimum hardness of the threaded wedge shall

be HRC 45. The length of the threaded section of the wedge
shall be equal to thc diameter of the stud. To facilitate removal
of the broken stud, the wedge shall be counterbored. The
thickness of the wedge at the thin side of the hole shall equal
the diameter of the: stud plus the depth of counterbore. The
thread in the wedge shall have Class 3B tolerances, except
when testing studs having an interference fit thread, in which
c - Clwrrna01hdsI~pn5.5.~
D = Dimowof Sud
case the wedge shall be threaded to provide a finger free fit.
The supporting fixtiire, as shown in Figure 4,shall have a hole
clearance over the nominal size of the stud and shall have its
-
R Radirn or chmh (me pm. 5.5.21
T Dpkacbpthdcounteròofu
W - Wdpngh(iwTaMa4)
top and bottom edges rounded to the same limits specified for
the hardened wedge in 5.4.1. FIGURE 4 -WEDGE TEST DETAILS FOR STUDS
[Link] To meet the requirements of Item 4.1, the stud shall
fracture at a load riot less than the minimum tensile strength 5.5.1 For 1-1/2 inch diameter bolts, screws axid studs, a stan-
specified for the applicable size, thread series, and grade in dard 0.500 inch round 2 inch gage length test specimen shall
Table 5 . be turned from the bolt, screw or stud with the axis of the
specimen located midway between the center and outside sur-
5.5 TESTING OF MACHINED TEST SPECIMENS. face of the bolt, screw or stud shank, as shown in Figure 5.
Where bolts, screws and studs cannot be tested in full size for Bolts, screws and studs 3/4 through 1-3/8 inch diameter shall
proof load and tens:ile strength requirements, tests shall be con- have their shanks machined to the dimensions of a standard
ducted using test specimens machined from the bolt, screw or 0.500 inch round 2 inch gage length test specimen concentric
stud.

Q Cwyright APRIL 1989 Genera Motors Corporation All Rights Reserved

APRIL 1989 PAGE 7 255M

Copyright General Motors North America
Provided by IHS under license with GM Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707100
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, 09/14/2009 [Link] MDT
 G M GM255M 89 900b379 OOOöLi.18 O77 =
I GENERAL MOTORS ENGINEERING STANDARDS I Materials and Processes - Metals I
MECHANICAL AND QUALITY REQUIREMENTS FOR EXTERNALLY
THREADED FASTENERS
Gh(1255M GM260M GM275M GM280M GM290M GM300M GM455M

with the axis of the bolt, screw or stud, leaving the bolt or
screw head and threaded sedon intact, as shown in Figure 6.
Bolts, screws and studs 1/4 through 9 8 inch diameter shall
have their shanks machined to subsize specimens having
dimensions shown in Figure 6 and Table 6.

5.5.2 The test specimen sheill be tensile tested as described in

5.3; and the yield strength, tensile strength, elongation, and
reduction of area determinedl.

5.5.3 To meet the requirement of Item 4.1, the test specimen

must have a yield strength, tensile strength, elongation, and
reduction of area equal to or greater than the values for these
properties specified for the applicable product size and grade
in Table 1.

5.6 DECARBURIZATION. The decarburization classifica-

tion of bolts, screws and studs shall be determined by methods
outlined in GM6104M.

--```,,,``,,`,`,`,,`,``,```,,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
5.7 SURFACE DISCONTPWITIES. Shall be determined by
methods outlined in GM6102M.

6 MARKING.
FIGURE 5 -
LOCATION OF STANDARD TEST
SPECIMENS WHEN TURNED FROM BOLTS OR
SCREWS 1-1/2 INCH DIAMETER
6.1 Hex head bolts and screws shall be clearly marked with
the grade identification symbol shown in Table 1, and with the
manufacturer's identificatiori symbol. Unless otherwise speci-
fied by purchaser, markings shall be located on the top of the
head, and may be either raised or depressed at option of the
W
R7 A 1
manufacturer,

6.2 Unless otherwise specified by purchaser, studs need not

be marked.

7 GENERAL. A suggested sampling plan is shown

below:

Number of pieces in a Lot Minimum Number of

FIGURE 6 -
TENSILE TEST SPECIMEN FOR
BOLTS OR SCREWS WITH TURNED DOWN
Swcimens to be %ted SHANKS

1 i
50 and under
51 - 500 Incl 7.2 The same test specimens may be used for different tests
wherever practical.
501 - 35 O00 Incl
35 O01 and over 7.3 If the failure of a test specimen is due to improper prepa-
ration of the specimen or to incorrect testing technique, the
specimen shall be discarded and another specimen substituted.
7.1 A Lot, for purpose of rielecting test specimens, shall con-
sist of aii products offered for inspection and testing at one 8 INITIAL SOURCE APPROVAL. No shipment shall
time that are of the same type, grade, size, length, and thread be made by any supplier until representative initial production
series and are manufactured essentially at one time and under samples have been approved by engineering as meeting the
the same process conditions. requirements of this specification.

O cowrlght APRIL lQ89 General Motors CorporaUon Al Rights Rescwved

255M PAGE 8 APRIL 1989

Copyright General Motors North America
Provided by IHS under license with GM Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707100
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, 09/14/2009 [Link] MDT
 ~

G M GM255M A9 9006379 0008149 T O 3 M

)GENERALTORS ENGINEERING STANDARDS
I Materials and Processes - Metals I
MECHANICAL AND QUALITY REQUIREMENTS FOR EXTERNALLY
THREADED FASTENERS
GM255M GM260M GM275M GM280M GM290M GM300M GM455M
TABLE 5 - PROOF LOAD AND TENSILE STRENGTH REQUIREMENTS
G M Number ßM255M QM260M QM28OM
0 rade Grade 1 Grade 2 Gnide 5
Nomlnal Dicimeter Stress Proot Tensile P& Tensile Roof Tensile
of Product and Area Load smngch Loed Strength Load Strength
Threads Pisr Inch sq in. Ib min Ib Ib min Ib Ib min lb
COARSE THREAD SERIES - UNC
6 -- 32 O.OO909 - - - - - -
8 -- 32 0.0140 - - - - - -
IO -- 24 0.0175 - - - - - -
12 -- 24 0.0242 - - - - - -
1/4 -- 20 0.0318 1,050 1.900 1,750 2,350 2.700 3.800
5/16 -- 18 0.0524 1,750 3,150 2.900 3 .wo 4,450 6.300
318 -- 16 0.0775 2.550 4,650 4.250 5.750 6.600 9,300
7/16 .- 14 O.1063 3,500 6.400 5.850 7.850 9,050 12,800
Il2 .- 13 O.1419 4,700 8.500 7,800 10.500 12.100 17,000
9/16 - 12 0.182 6.000 10,900 10.000 13.500 15.500 21.800
518 .- 11 0.226 7.450 13.600 12.400 16,700 19,Mo 27.100
314 .- 10 0.334 11,000 20,000 18,400 24,700 28.400 40,100
7/8 9- o 462 1s.200 27.700 15.200 27,700 39,300 55,400
1 - 8 0.606 20.000 36.400 20.000 36,400 51.500 72,700
1-118 - 7 0.763 25.200 45.800 25,200 45.800 56,500 80.100
1-114 - 7 0.969 32.000 58.100 32,000 58,100 71,700 101,700
1-318 - 6 I . I55 38,100 69.300 38.100 69,300 85.m 121.300
1-1/2 6 - I .405 46,400 84.300 46,400 84,300 lW,OoO 147.500

ß M Number QM275M QM2BOM QM300M

--```,,,``,,`,`,`,,`,``,```,,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Grade ßrade 5.1 Grade 7 Grade 8 and 8.1

6 .- 32 O.OO909 750 1.100 - - -

8 .- 32 0.0140 1,200 1.700 - - - -
10 - 24 O 0175 1 .Mo 2,100 - - - -
12 - 24 0.0242 2.050 2.900 - - - -
114 - 20 0.0318 2.700 3.800 3.350 4.250 3,800 4,750
5/16 - 18 0.0524 4,450 6.300 5.500 6.950 6.300 7.8SO
318 - 16 0.0775 6.600 9.300 8.150 10,300 9,300 11.600
7/16 14 - O. 1063 - - I l .200 14.100 12,800 15,900
il2 - 13 0.1419 - - 14,900 18.900 17,000 21.300
9/16 - I2 o.182 - - 19,100 24.200 21.800 27.300
518 - 11 0.226 - - 23,700 30.100 27.100 33.900
314 - 10 0.334 - - 35.100 44.400 40,100 50,100
718 - 9 0.462 - - 48.500 61.400 55,400 69.300
1 - 8 0.606 - - 63.600 8o.w 72.700 90.900
1-118 - 7 0.763 - - 80.100 101.500 91,600 114.400
1-114 - 7 0.969 - - 101.m 127.700 116,300 145,400
1-318 - 6 1.155 - - 121.300 153.600 138.600 173.200
1-M- 6 1. a 5 - - 147.500 186.900 168.600 210.800
Note: Proof loads and tensilt3 strengths are computed by multiplying the proof load stre- and tensile strength atreaaas given in Table 1
by the stress areia of the thread. (See Appendix A for hirther information on computauion Of Values for products shown above and for sires

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APRIL 1989 PAGE 9 255M

Copyright General Motors North America
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 I GENERAL MOTOR8 ENGINEERING STANDARDS
--```,,,``,,`,`,`,,`,``,```,,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
I Materials and Processes - Metals I
MECHANICAL AND QUALITY REQUIREMENTS FOR EXTERNALLY
THREADED FASTENERS
GMl255M GM260M GM275M GM280M GM290M GM300M GM455M

FINE THREAD SERIES

-
6-40
8-36
0.0101s
0.01474 --
- f2
10
12 - 28
0.01oO
0.02S8 -
lI4 28 - 0.- 3.100
5/16 24 - 0.0300 4.900
us-24 0.0678 7.450
7116 -
20 o. 1lu7 10.100
1R -
ao o. 1999 13.600
9/16- 18 0.m
9 8 - 18 0.256
3f4 - 16 0.373
7t8 - 14 0.D
1 - 12 0.663
1-14 UNS 0.679
1-118 - 12 0.856
l-iM - 11 I .an
1-38 - 12 1.31s
A-In - 12 1.581

~
QLiI Nunbsr ~~
I OUPTOU I QUPOOM I OUaOoU
QMdO

6-4û 0.01015 m -
8-36 0.01474 -
-
IO 32 OAOQo [Link] -
12 - 28 0.02.56 2340 -
II4 -
28 0.0364 3.100 4 . 0
SØ16 24 - 0.0580 4.900 7.m
1i.m
w8-24
7/16 - 10 0 . m
0.1187 -
7-
[Link]
in - 10 o.1599 - 21300
9/16- 18 O m - rimo
5/8 - I8 0.2% -
- %.a00
314 - 16 O S 49.600
7ts - 14 0 s - 67.m
1 -I2 0.663 - u m
1-14 UNS 0.679 - porn
i-in - 12 0.8S6 - 113-
I-LI4 - I2 1.073 - 142.100
1-313 - n. 13s - 174900
I-1n - 12. - I S 1 - 210300

NOTE: See note on preceding page.

Q Copyrighi APRIL 1989 General Motors Cwpwation All RigMs Resewed

255M APRIL 1989

Copyright General Motors North America
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 G M GM255M 89 = 900b379 0008151 b b 1
1 GENERAL MOTORS ENGINEERING STANDARDS I Materials and Processes - Metals
I
MECHANICAL AND QUALITY REQUIREMENTS FOR EXTERNALLY
THREADED FASTENERS
GM255M GM260M GM275M GM280M GM290M GM300M GM455M
TABLE 6 - DIMENSIONS OF MACHINED tured to this specification shall be equivalent in every respect
SPECIMENS to the initiai samples approved by engineering. There shall be
no changes in either formulation or manufacturing processes
permitted without prior notification and approval by engineer-
ing. Lack of notification by the supplier constitutes grounds
for rejection of any shipment. While samples may be taken
from incoming shipments and checked for conformance to this

IiI I I specification, the supplier shall accept the responsibility for

--```,,,``,,`,`,`,,`,``,```,,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

incoming shipments meeting this specification without depen-

dence upon purchaser's inspection.
0.350 1.40
114 io.007 f0.M 10 GENERAL INFORMATION. These standards were
dm first issued as shown:
5n om [Link] 0.19
f0.005 fO.005 GM260M - November, 1939
GM280M - November, 1939
GM290M - November, 1939
GM300M - November, 1939
GM255M - November, 1945
GM455M - July, 1946
NOTE: Minimum radilus recommended 0.38 in, 0.12 min permitted. GM275M - September, 1959
9 INSPECTION AND REJECTION. All shipments of The latest revisions include the following: April, 1989 editorial
material or parts under contract or purchase order manufac- changes; March 1987 revised Table 2, NOTE 3.

0 Copyright APRIL 1 Q89 Genera¡ Moiors Corporation All Rights Resewed

APRIL 1989 PAGE 11 255M

Copyright General Motors North America
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 G M GM255M 89 m 9006379 0008352 5 T B M
GENERAL MOTORSI ENGINEERING STANDARDS I Materials and Processes - Metals
1
MECHANIICAL AND QUALITY REQUIREMENTS FOR EXTERNALLY
THREADED FASTENERS
GM1255M GM260M GM275~#~2&OI~fM290M GM300M GM455M

A l Proof load and tensile strength values are computed by the small discrepancies are considered less objectionable than
multiplying the proof stresses and tensile stresses given in the questions which would be precipitated by the use of a dif-
Table 1 of this standard by ithe stress area of the thread. The ferent basis for the high strength products.
values in Table 5 were determined using stress areas (NOTE 1)
computed from formula 1, below. Formula 2 is also applicable.
Values for sizes and thread series not included in Table 5 may A4 Values which do correlate with steels having tensile
be computed by this means silso. strengths over 100 o00 psi may be computed with Formula 3,
below. The values obtained will be slightly less than those
Formula 1 AS = 0.7854 computed with Formulas 1 and 2. In the case of the Class 2A
-
UNC and Class 2A UNF thread series, the reduction in area
Formula 2 As = 3.1416
-j 2
varies from approximately 5% for the 1/4 inch nominal size to
approximately 2% for the 1 inch nominal size. In the fine
where:
As Tensile stress area
D = Basic major diametes
- thread series, the reduction in area varies from approximately
2.5% for the 1/4 inch nominal size to approximately 1% for
the 1 inch nominal size.
E = Basic pitch diametex'
H Height of sharp V-tlread'
n = Number of threads per inch
- Formula 3 AS = 3.1416 [ 3 2

A2 Tensile stress area values (NOTE 1) shown in the fol-

lowing table were derived from these formulas. -
where:
E Minimum pitch diameter for
class of thread involved (NOTE 2)
A3 While these values do not correlate with test results for
steels over 100 O00 psi (as iised for Grades 5, 5.1, 7 and 8), H = Height of sharp V-thread (NOTE 2).
--```,,,``,,`,`,`,,`,``,```,,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

o m g h l APRIL 1989 General Motors CorporationAli Rights Resenred

APRIL 1989 PAGE 12 255M

Copyright General Motors North America
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 ~~ ~ ~ ~~ ~

G M Gil2551 8 9 W 9006379 0008153 Y 3 4

)GENERALMOTORS
ENGINEERING STANDARDS
I Materials and Processes - Metals
1
MECHANICAL AND QUALITY REQUIREMENTS FOR EXTERNALLY
THREADED FASTENERS
GM255M GM260M GM275M GM280M GM29OM GM300M GM455M
APPENDIX A

TABLE A I - TENSILE STRESS AREAS OF THREADED SECTIONS

ln#dr
Pa
Inah

O ao [Link] 12 24 O.ou2 7i8 9 0.463

1 64 0.00263 12 28 0.0258 7/11 14 O S
1 72 0.00278 u4 m O.of18 1 8 0.606
114 28 0.0364
2 s6 O.OKi70 1 12 0.663
5/16 18 0.-
2 64 0.00394 1 14 0.680
5/16 24 0.-
3 48 0.00487 1-1/11 7 0.763
3 s6 O.CJM23 3/8 16 0.m5 1-1/11 12 0.8%
3/8 24 0.0878 1-1/4
4 40 0.00W 7 0.969
4 48 0.W1
7/16 14 o.1063 1-1M 12 1.073
7/16 a) 0.1187 1-3/11
5 40 0.00796 6 1j55
5 44 0.-
in 13 O. 1419 1-3/8 u 1.315
in 20 o.199
6 32 O.Oo909 1-1n 6 1A(#
9/16 12 o.182 Lin
6 40 0.01015
9/16 18 0.203
12 [Link]
S 32 0.0110 1-34 5 1 .Qo
5m Il 0.226
S 36 0.01474 1-94 12 2.19
518 18 0.2%
10 24 0.0175 31J 10 0.334 2 +112 2.50
10 32 aomo 3M 16 0.373 2 12 2.89
--```,,,``,,`,`,`,,`,``,```,,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

O CopyrigM APRIL 1989 General Motors Corporation Ail Rights Resewed

APRIL 1989 PAGE 13 255M

Copyright General Motors North America
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 GM GM255M 8 9 m 9 0 0 b 3 7 9 0008l154 370 m
I GENERAL MOTOR8 ENGINEERING STANDARDS I Materials and Processes - Metals I
MECHANICAL AND QUALITY REQUIREMENTS FOR EXTERNALLY
THREADED FASTENERS
GN1255M GM260M G M 2 7 5 ~ p G ~ $ j &
RM290M
~ GM300M GM455M

B1 Note to Bolt and Stud Producers. GM255M and GM260M ................................... 1018, 1020
Following is a list of some typical steels which have been used GM275M............................................................ 1018, 1022
to meet the bolt specifications shown. The SAE steels listed GM280M............................................................ 1038, 1045
for each size of GM290M and GM300M are also applicable to GM290M and GM300M, Nominal Size;
all smaiier sizes. This data is presented here for information Up to 3/8, Incl ................................... 1335, 4047,5135
only and is not to be considered mandatory: Up to 3/4, Incl ..............
1340, 4135, 5140,8637,8735
Up to 1, Incl ........................... 3140, 4135, 5147, 6480

Q CqyigM APRIL 1989 oenerai Mdors CMporaUon Ali Rights Reserved

PAGE 14 255M
--```,,,``,,`,`,`,,`,``,```,,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

APRIL 1989
Copyright General Motors North America
Provided by IHS under license with GM Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707100
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, 09/14/2009 [Link] MDT