Anna Greer

10.6
15 (a, b, d)

4
r
5 - 4 Sin[θ]

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2 Homework#3.nb

4
In[3]:= PolarPlot , {θ, 0, 2 π}
5 - 4 Sin[θ]
4

Out[3]=

-1.0 -0.5 0.5 1.0

e = 4/5
e<1
Ellipse

16 (a, b, d)

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 Homework#3.nb 3

1
2
In[1]:= r
1
1 +   Sin[θ]
2

1
Out[1]= r
Sin[θ]
2 1 + 
2

1
2
In[2]:= PolarPlot , {θ, 0, 2 π}
1
1 +   Sin[θ]
2

0.2

-0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.2 0.4 0.6

-0.2

Out[2]=

-0.4

-0.6

-0.8

-1.0

e = 1/2
e<1
Ellipse

17 (a, b, d)

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4 Homework#3.nb

2
In[4]:= r
3 + 3 Sin[θ]
2
PolarPlot , {θ, 0, 2 π}
3 + 3 Sin[θ]
2
Out[4]= r
3 + 3 Sin[θ]

-10-5 5 10

-50

Out[5]=
-100

-150

e = 3/3 = 1
e=1
Parabola

18 (a, b, d)

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 Homework#3.nb 5

5
r
2 - 4 Cos[θ]
5
In[6]:= PolarPlot , {θ, 0, 2 π}
2 - 4 Cos[θ]
3

Out[6]= -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2

-1

-2

-3

In[7]:= e = 4/2 = 2
e>1
Hyperbola
4
Set: Tag Times in is Protected.
2
Out[7]= 2

Out[8]= True

Out[9]= Hyperbola

12.1
11

In[25]:= ClearAll
Out[25]=

ClearAll

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6 Homework#3.nb

In[28]:= p = {3, - 2, - 3}
q = {7, 0, 1}
r = {1, 2, 1}
Out[28]=

{3, - 2, - 3}
Out[29]=

{7, 0, 1}
Out[30]=

{1, 2, 1}

In[31]:= pq = q - p
pr = r - p
qr = r - q
Out[31]=

{4, 2, 4}
Out[32]=

{- 2, 4, 4}
Out[33]=

{- 6, 2, 0}

In[37]:= Norm[pq]
Norm[pr]
Norm[qr] // N
Out[37]=

6
Out[38]=

6
Out[39]=

6.32456

This is an isosceles triangle.

In[40]:= Norm[qr]2
Norm[pr]2
Norm[pq]2
Out[40]=

40
Out[41]=

36
Out[42]=

36

This is not a right triangle.

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 Homework#3.nb 7

12

In[10]:= p = {2, - 1, 0}
q = {4, 1, 1}
r = {4, - 5, 4}
Out[10]=

{2, - 1, 0}
Out[11]=

{4, 1, 1}
Out[12]=

{4, - 5, 4}

In[13]:= pq = q - p
pr = r - p
qr = r - q
Out[13]=

{2, 2, 1}
Out[14]=

{2, - 4, 4}
Out[15]=

{0, - 6, 3}

In[19]:= Norm[pq]
Norm[pr]
Norm[qr] // N

This is not an isosceles triangle.

Out[19]=

3
Out[20]=

6
Out[21]=

6.7082

In[22]:= Norm[qr]2
Norm[pr]2
Norm[pq]2
Out[22]=

45
Out[23]=

36
Out[24]=

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8 Homework#3.nb

This is a right triangle.

12.2
21

In[43]:= ClearAll
Out[43]=

ClearAll

In[44]:= a = {4, - 3, 2}
b = {2, 0, - 4}
Out[44]=

{4, - 3, 2}
Out[45]=

{2, 0, - 4}

In[46]:= a+b
Out[46]=

{6, - 3, - 2}

In[47]:= 4a+2b
Out[47]=

{20, - 12, 0}

In[49]:= Norm[a] // N
Out[49]=

5.38516

In[50]:= Norm[a - b] // N
Out[50]=

7.

22

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 Homework#3.nb 9

In[51]:= a = {8, 1, - 4}
b = {5, - 2, 1}
Out[51]=

{8, 1, - 4}
Out[52]=

{5, - 2, 1}

In[53]:= a+b
Out[53]=

{13, - 1, - 3}

In[54]:= 4a+2b
Out[54]=

{42, 0, - 14}

In[55]:= Norm[a] // N
Out[55]=

9.

In[56]:= Norm[a - b] // N
Out[56]=

6.55744

25

In[57]:= v = {8, - 1, 4}
Out[57]=

{8, - 1, 4}

v
In[58]:= u=
Norm[v]
Out[58]=
8 1 4
 ,- , 
9 9 9

In[59]:= Norm[u]
Out[59]=

26

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10 Homework#3.nb

In[60]:= v = {6, 2, - 3}
v
u=
Norm[v]
Out[60]=
{6, 2, - 3}
Out[61]=
6 2 3
 , ,- 
7 7 7

In[62]:= w = 4u
Out[62]=
24 8 12
 , ,- 
7 7 7

In[63]:= Solve[v  c * w, c]
Out[63]=
7
c  
4

In[64]:= Norm[w]
Out[64]=

12.3
2

In[65]:= a = {5, - 2}
b = {3, 4}
Out[65]=
{5, - 2}
Out[66]=

{3, 4}

In[67]:= a.b
Out[67]=

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 Homework#3.nb 11

In[68]:= a = {1.5, 0.4}

Out[68]=

{1.5, 0.4}

In[69]:= b = {- 4, 6}
Out[69]=

{- 4, 6}

In[70]:= a.b
Out[70]=

- 3.6

11

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12 Homework#3.nb

In[71]:= u.v = Abs[u] * Abs[v] * Cos[θ]

θ = 60 °
1 1
u.v = 1 * 1 * =
2 2
u.w = Abs[u] * Abs[w] * Cos[θ]
Abs[u] * Cos[(60 * 2)]
-1
u.w =
2
6 2 3
Set: Tag Dot in  , , - .{6, 2, -3} is Protected.
7 7 7
Out[71]=
36 Cos[θ] 4 Cos[θ] 9 Cos[θ]
 , , 
7 7 7
Out[72]=

60 °

1
Set: Tag Times in is Protected.
2
6 2 3
Set: Tag Dot in  , , - .{6, 2, -3} is Protected.
7 7 7
Out[73]=
1
2
6 2 3 24 8 12
Set: Tag Dot in  , , - . , , -  is Protected.
7 7 7 7 7 7
Out[74]=
72 8 18
 , , 
49 49 49
Out[75]=
6 Cos[120] 2 Cos[120] 3 Cos[120]
 , , 
7 7 7
6 2 3 24 8 12
Set: Tag Dot in  , , - . , , -  is Protected.
7 7 7 7 7 7
Out[76]=
1
-
2

12

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 Homework#3.nb 13

In[77]:= 45 - 45 - 90 triangle
1:1: 2
1
v=
2

Out[77]=

- 90 triangle

In[79]:= u.w = 1 * 1 * Cos[90 °]

6 2 3 24 8 12
Set: Tag Dot in  , , - . , , -  is Protected.
7 7 7 7 7 7
Out[79]=

1
In[80]:= 1* * Cos[45 °]
2
Out[80]=
1
2

17

In[81]:= a = {1, - 4, 1}
b = {0, 2, - 2}
Out[81]=

{1, - 4, 1}
Out[82]=

{0, 2, - 2}

a.b
In[83]:= cosine =
Norm[a] * Norm[b]
Out[83]=
5
-
6

180
In[84]:= ArcCos[cosine] * // N
π
Out[84]=

146.443

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14 Homework#3.nb

18

In[85]:= a = {- 1, 3, 4}
b = {5, 2, 1}
Out[85]=

{- 1, 3, 4}
Out[86]=

{5, 2, 1}

a.b
In[87]:= cosine =
Norm[a] * Norm[b]
Out[87]=

5
39

180
In[88]:= ArcCos[cosine] * // N
π
Out[88]=

79.6868

21

In[89]:= p = {2, 0}
q = {0, 3}
r = {3, 4}
Out[89]=

{2, 0}
Out[90]=

{0, 3}
Out[91]=

{3, 4}

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 Homework#3.nb 15

In[92]:= pq = q - p
pr = r - p
Out[92]=

{- 2, 3}
Out[93]=

{1, 4}

pq.pr
In[94]:= cosine$angle$p =
Norm[pq] * Norm[pr]
Out[94]=
10
221

180
In[95]:= angle$p = ArcCos[cosine$angle$p] * // N
π
Out[95]=

47.7263

In[96]:= qp = p - q
qr = r - q
Out[96]=

{2, - 3}
Out[97]=

{3, 1}

qp.qr
In[98]:= cosine$angle$q =
Norm[qp] * Norm[qr]
Out[98]=
3
130

180
In[99]:= angle$q = ArcCos[cosine$angle$q] * // N
π
Out[99]=

74.7449

In[100]:=

rp = p - r
rq = q - r
Out[100]=

{- 1, - 4}
Out[101]=

{- 3, - 1}

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16 Homework#3.nb

In[102]:=
rp.rq
cosine$angle$r =
Norm[rp] * Norm[rq]
Out[102]=
7
170

In[103]:=
180
angle$r = ArcCos[cosine$angle$r] * // N
π
Out[103]=

57.5288

22

In[104]:=

a = {1, 0, - 1}
b = {3, - 2, 0}
c = {1, 3, 3}
Out[104]=

{1, 0, - 1}
Out[105]=

{3, - 2, 0}
Out[106]=

{1, 3, 3}

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 Homework#3.nb 17

In[107]:=

ab = b-a
ac = c-a
ba = a-b
bc = c-b
ca = a-c
cb = b-c
Out[107]=

{2, - 2, 1}
Out[108]=

{0, 3, 4}
Out[109]=

{- 2, 2, - 1}
Out[110]=

{- 2, 5, 3}
Out[111]=

{0, - 3, - 4}
Out[112]=

{2, - 5, - 3}

In[113]:=
ab.ac
cosine$angle$a =
Norm[ab] * Norm[ac]
ba.bc
cosine$angle$b =
Norm[ba] * Norm[bc]
ca.cb
cosine$angle$c =
Norm[ca] * Norm[cb]
Out[113]=
2
-
15
Out[114]=
11
3 38
Out[115]=
27
5 38

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18 Homework#3.nb

In[116]:=
180
angle$a = ArcCos[cosine$angle$a] * // N
π
180
angle$b = ArcCos[cosine$angle$b] * // N
π
180
angle$c = ArcCos[cosine$angle$c] * // N
π
Out[116]=

97.6623
Out[117]=

53.5008
Out[118]=

28.837

43

In[119]:=

a = {3, - 3, 1}
b = {2, 4, - 1}
Out[119]=

{3, - 3, 1}
Out[120]=

{2, 4, - 1}

In[121]:=
b.a
*a
a.a
Out[121]=
21 21 7
- , ,- 
19 19 19
In[122]:=
b.a
Norm[a]
Out[122]=
7
-
19

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 Homework#3.nb 19

44

In[123]:=

a = {1, 2, 3}
b = {5, 0, - 1}
Out[123]=

{1, 2, 3}
Out[124]=

{5, 0, - 1}

In[125]:=
b.a
*a
a.a
Out[125]=
1 2 3
 , , 
7 7 7
In[126]:=
b.a
Norm[a]
Out[126]=

2
7

57

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20 Homework#3.nb

In[127]:=
1 1 1
c= , , 
2 2 2
h1 = {1, 0, 0}
h2 = {0, 1, 0}
h3 = {0, 0, 1}
h4 = {1, 1, 1}
Out[127]=
1 1 1
 , , 
2 2 2
Out[128]=

{1, 0, 0}
Out[129]=

{0, 1, 0}
Out[130]=

{0, 0, 1}
Out[131]=

{1, 1, 1}

In[132]:=

ch1 = h1 - c
ch2 = h2 - c
Out[132]=
1 1 1
 ,- ,- 
2 2 2
Out[133]=
1 1 1
- , , - 
2 2 2
In[134]:=
ch1.ch2
cosine =
Norm[ch1] * Norm[ch2]
Out[134]=
1
-
3
In[135]:=

angle = ArcCos[cosine]
Out[135]=
1
ArcCos- 
3
In[136]:=

N[%]
Out[136]=

1.91063

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 Homework#3.nb 21

In[137]:=
360
angle *
2π
Out[137]=
1
180 ArcCos- 
3

In[138]:=

N[%]
Out[138]=

109.471

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