ELABORATION OF THE
PRODUCT OF
RESEARCH
ANDRESEARCH AND
DEVELOPMENT
Lina Maria Vasco Diaz
Although it is the last one, it is the most
important of all because it is the one that is
most directly related to the product of the
work done and the one that requires the
greatest mental effort from the researcher.
RESEARCH PRODUCTS
• although the information has already been analyzed
statistically in the previous section, it is necessary to
carefully review the results obtained to ensure that
they are logical before beginning the interpretation,
having done so, we proceed to interpret the primary
and secondary information, considering that:
• -their significance is judged in relation to the
objectives of the study.
• -Relationships are established between the elements
of the information received to provide explanations.
ROAD RESEARCH END
PRODUCTS
DESCRIPTIONS EVALUATIONS AND COMPARISONS
• They are the least juicy fruits • These are made mainly of theories and
of research because their methods
contribution to collective • Evaluation is performed daily by the
knowledge is small (the results researcher as part of his or her work, as
are not scientific in nature) discussed below, but there are research
studies whose objective is to evaluate the
product of one or more other studies.
LAWS, PRINCIPLES AND INFERENCES
• A law is a universal judgment that establishes a certain regularity between events
or properties of systems.
• The formulation of inferences may be the first step in the creation of a theory or
may be part of a study to evaluate or compare theories or methods.
• Theories constitute a coherent set of laws of science and reasoning that attempt to
explain the origin, nature and manifestations of a system or event.
EVALUATION
In order to demonstrate that the results obtained from an investigation are not
erroneous, an evaluation is carried out, which has different modalities
DEMONSTRATION, TESTING AND VALIDATION
VERIFICATION • When the verification is so exhaustive and
• When research results are obtained rigorous that it leaves little doubt about the
by means of deductive procedures, validity or invalidity of a set of inferences, a
such as those used in the formal law or a theory, then it is called validation.
sciences, the researcher must In this, as in verification, statistical
demonstrate the validity of these procedures are used to determine whether
results. the discrepancies between theoretically
• Ordinarily the situation is not so estimated values and their observed
drastic; verification neither approves equivalents are significant or not.
nor disapproves, but helps to
discover deficiencies, which, if
corrected, improve the research
product.
ELABORATION OF METHODS
• The main function of development in road engineering
is to synthesize these ways and rules in the form of a
method, and to materialize it by means of manuals,
graphs, abacuses, computer programs, etc. that
facilitate the understanding of the practical aspects of
the research product, and above all, that make its
practical use possible.
• In any case, the development of a method requires the
new knowledge produced by the research with other
knowledge that is in the public domain, and the use of
the new knowledge to define rules in the form of
instructions that are intelligible to the presumed users
of the method.
MODELING
A model is a representation of a real system by another system that is more accessible
and easier to manipulate. The process of creating models is called modeling.
PHYSICAL AND SYMBOLIC MODELS ANALYTICAL AND SIMULATION MODELS
• The most used models in engineering • We call analytical models those that
are physical and symbolic. describe a system of reality by means of a
• Physical models are generally physical set of mathematical expressions. Some of
replicas of the system they represent, at these models produce their results by a
a different scale. single application of these mathematical
• Symbolic models represent the elements expressions (Examples of this kind of
of the real system by means of symbols models are urban planning models, such as
that express mathematical and logical land use or traffic allocation models)
relationships like those of their real • The abstraction or simplification of this real
counterpart elements. system to make its mathematical
• Symbolic models determine the values representation possible may take the model
of dependent variables, starting from too far away from reality.
those of independent variables.
THANKS!
