NEW

FRONTIERS
STUDENT BOOK

B1 Intermediate
 Sc o p e a n d S e q u e n c e
HOW TO USE Page 4

UNIT / PAGE VOCABULARY GRAMMAR & STRUCTURES LISTENING

A NEW SCHOOL YEAR Education Present perfect continuous Listen to conversations

Experiences abroad Present perfect continuous vs. about what people

Page 6
HELP! I HAVE A
1 Emotions
Vacation

Difficulties &
present perfect simple
Phrasals with make

Relative clause with when

have been doing

Listen to everyday
hardships Past perfect problems and their
PROBLEM!
Page
Page
18
30 Review 1-2
MAKING PLANS
2 Negative emotions
Advice & excuses

Plans
Past simple vs. past perfect simple solutions
Phrasals with turn

Future simple (will / going to) for Listen to people

Invitations future plans making plans

Page 32
THAT’S A CAREER!
3 Celebrations & events
Venues & attractions

Jobs & careers

Future continuous tense
Adverbs of certainty
Declining invitations
Future perfect simple (affirmative / Listen to people talk
Training & education negative statements) about future career
Page
Page
44
56 Review 3-4
PROBLEMS AROUND
4 Goals

Repairs
Modals for ability
Will and going to for prediction
Expressions for making predictions
Passive voice simple
plans

Listen to people talk

Homes Passive voice in different tenses about problems
THE HOUSE
Page 58
OUR PLANET, OUR HOME
5 Green technology

Science
Reflexive pronouns
Causatives with help
Phrasals with run
Reported speech (statements)
around the house

Listen to talks about the

Conservation Reported speech (questions) environment
Page
Page
70
82 Review 5-6
WE LOVE SPORTS!
6 Nature
Environment

Sports
Question tags
Too and enough intensifiers

Gerunds vs. infinitives Listen to people talk

Hobbies Comparatives & superlatives about their interests

Page 84
UNDERSTANDING
7 Interests
Sports jargon

Culture
Stative verbs
Expressions to show degrees of
interest
Modals of obligation and Listen to talks about
Travel & travel prohibition problems when
CULTURES
Page
Page
96
108 Review 7-8
A HELPING HAND
8 experiences
Communication

Social issues
Adverb clauses for time
Phrasal verbs with hang
Present perfect vs. Past simple
Conditionals type 2
traveling

Listen to talks
Law & crime Conjunctive adverbs about different

Page 110
WHAT COULD HAVE BEEN
9 Civil service

Accidents &
Expressions to show negative
results

Wish statements
social issues

Listen to people
disasters Conditionals type 3 talk about things
DIFFERENT?
Page
Page
122
134 Review 9-10 10 Chances & regrets
Wishes
Phrases to express goals and aims
Used to / Would to talk about past
action
they could have
done differently

2
 Grammar Reference Page 136 Word List Page 140

SPEAKING READING WRITING PROJECT

Talk about things you have Read about different Write to a friend or family Scrapbook
done recently education systems member about your
vacation

Describe solutions to Read about difficult Write about a problem Survive!

problems situations and how it was solved

Offer and refuse invitations Read about an upcoming Write an invitation for an Cultural Festival
and give reasons festival event

Talk about how you're Read about job market Write a cover letter Career Map
preparing for the future concerns

Talk about problems around Read about smart homes Write a post explaining a School Renovations
the house problem

Report facts about the Read an interview with an Write a summary of what a Environmental
environment environmental expert speaker has said Reporter

Describe hobbies you like Read about sports rivalries Write a sports report Sports Draft
and why you like them

Talk about rules and taboos Read about rules and Give advice to a friend You Make the Rules
in your culture taboos in different cultures traveling to your country

Talk about important social Read about a social issue Summarize two different Model Debate
issues and a potential solution opinions

Talk about how you could Read about events that Write about something you How It Would Have
have done things differently could have been avoided wish you had done Been
differently

3
 How to Use
QR Codes

AUDIO
Scan the QR Code at the
start of each lesson to get
the audio for the unit.

VIDEO
Scan the QR Code on Project Lessons
to link to animated shorts.

CD-ROM
You can access the audio, videos, and Class Booster on the CD-ROM included
with the Student Book. You will also find links to other bonus materials.
Comics Class Booster
Every animated short comes with a companion comic. Every unit has a digital supplemental unit on
the Class Booster platform. Download to
enjoy additional activities and fun games.

Download the comics at [Link]

4
Cl a s s r o o m L a n g u a g e
1 Listen and number. 00-01
Scan for Audio

2 Read the questions.

How do you spell “board“?
Can you repeat that?
listen talk with a partner Can you say that again more
slowly?
How do you say “______________“
in English?
What does “board“ mean?

read talk with a group How do you pronounce this word?

I have a question.
What’s the answer
to number four?

write look at the board

speak open your books

answer close your books

Note
Keep an eye out for Notes! They
provide extra information and
activities.

repeat research

role-play watch

5
 it
Un

1
A NEW SCHOOL YEAR

Scan for Audio

WHAT YOU WILL DO IN THIS UNIT

A Reading Read about different education systems

B Listening Listen to conversations about what people have been doing

C Speaking Talk about things you have done recently

D Writing Write to a friend or family member about your vacation

E Project Make a scrapbook

6
Look at the photos and answer the questions.
1. What are the people doing in the pictures?
2. Which person’s vacation looks most fun to you?
3. What did you do for vacation?
4. Are you ready for school to start? What are your goals for the year?

7
 A Reading Aim Read about different education systems

Vocabulary
1 Listen and number. 1-01

curriculum attendance individual encourage experiment

interview salary marry private stressful

2 Match the words with the definitions.

1. curriculum • • a. a test, usually scientific, done to learn something
2. attendance • • b. to make someone more likely to do something
3. individual • • c. a fixed amount of money received by an employee
4. encourage • • d. subjects taught in school, college, or academy
5. experiment • • e. only for one person or specific group
6. interview • • f. the number of people who go to an event
7. salary • • g. a meeting to see if someone is suitable for a job or position
8. marry • • h. making you feel worried and nervous
9. private • • i. separate from the other people or things in a group
10. stressful • • j. to begin a relationship as a husband or a wife

Pre-reading
3 Look at the jobs. Talk with a partner. Research online how to get these jobs. Describe
the education and experience needed for each job.

general practice
police officer doctor
3D illustrator

architect
accountant physical therapist

8
4 Read the article. 1-02

Different eDucation SyStemS

uSa
The United States has many different kinds of schools. There are public schools,
charter schools, private schools, and more. One group of San Francisco schools is
called AltSchool. These schools have a special curriculum. It focuses on technology
and problem solving. The day starts with students using iPads to check their
attendance. Every week, students are given a “playlist” of activities and individual
goals. Students use the week to complete these goals. AltSchool students are not
put into grades. They’re put in learning groups: lower elementary, upper elementary,
and middle school. There are also no classrooms at the school. Classrooms are called
“stations” for learning. Students are encouraged to explore and learn freely. For some,
AltSchool is the future of education. For others, AltSchool is an extremely expensive
experiment—about $27,000 per year. What do you think?

Japan & South Korea

In Japan and South Korea, getting into a good school is the key to success. It can decide
your future job, salary, and even whom you will marry. Students need many things to
get into a good school. They need good grades. They also need to pass interviews.
But most importantly, students need to score well on “entrance exams” such as the
Center Shiken (Japan) or CSAT (Korea). Unfortunately, these tests are extremely
difficult. In Japan, only about 56% of students get the scores they need to attend
their chosen universities. Because of the tests’ difficulty, many students feel they
must attend private after-school academies. These are called juku in Japan and
hagwon in Korea. These academies help students improve their test scores, but
many people believe that they make education too stressful. In fact, many South
Korean students preparing for exams spend sixteen hours a day studying. This has
raised the question: How much importance should schools put on standardized tests?
Note
How do students feel about standardized tests in your country?
Comprehension When do students start preparing for tests in your country?

5 Circle true or false.

1. AltSchool teaches students how to make playlists. true false
2. AltSchool does not put students into traditional grades. true false
3. AltSchool does not have regular classrooms. true false
4. The CSAT is a Japanese national test. true false
5. Many Korean students attend after-school academies. true false

6 Answer the questions.

1. How much does AltSchool cost per year?
______________________________________________________________________________
2. What are private academies called in Korea?
______________________________________________________________________________
3. What is the Japanese national test called?
______________________________________________________________________________

7 Talk with a partner.

1. What are some advantages and disadvantages of schools like AltSchool?
2. What do you think of national standardized tests such as the ones in Japan and South Korea?
3. How can the education system in your country be improved?

9
 Aim Listen to conversations about what people

B Listening have been doing

Vocabulary Focus
1 Listen and number. 1-03 3 Talk with a partner.

Hi, Samantha! How have you been doing?

Hi, Samantha ! How have you been?

I’ve been doing well.

apply consider What about you?
I haven’t been doing so well.
What about you?

I’ve been well, too.

Oh, I’m sorry to hear that. What’s been
hear manage bothering you?

Lately, I’ve been applying to

study-abroad programs.
Not much. I’ve been considering
what I should study at college.
organize concentrate

4 Listen and circle the answers. 1-04

What has Maria been considering?

a. organizing a music festival
abroad complain b. applying for the music festival
c. which club to join this year
1. Maria
2 Circle the word that matches the definition.
1. to ask for something, usually in writing Why has Peter not answered his
a. hear b. organize c. apply calls?
a. He’s been busy talking to the
2. to control a group of people counselor.
a. apply b. manage c. attend b. He’s been busy doing 2. Peter
paperwork.
3. to be told some information c. He’s been busy studying abroad.
a. organize b. complain c. hear

4. to plan or arrange Why is Phil moving?

a. complain b. organize c. concentrate a. His family is moving to Japan.
b. He hasn’t been able to
5. to think about carefully manage his Japanese studies
3. Phil well.
a. consider b. manage c. organize
c. His school thinks he should
improve his Japanese.
10
 Note
Grammar You can form negative statements with the
present perfect continuous by using not:
He has not (hasn’t) been living in South Korea.
5 Look at the table.
Present Perfect Continuous
The present perfect continuous tense shows that something started in the past and is continuing in the
present. The form is made using the construction has / have been + present participle (root + -ing).
Usage Signal Words Examples
to talk about unfinished actions which started I’ve been living in South Korea for ten years.
for, since
in the past and continued to the present He’s been studying since 3 p.m.
I’ve been going to the gym recently.
to talk about temporary habits or situations recently, lately
We’ve been talking a lot about the future lately.
to talk about actions which have recently He’s been studying for weeks, so he got the
stopped and have a result in the present highest score.

6 Rewrite the sentences in the present perfect continuous tense.

1. Peter applies to study abroad programs. ____________________________________________
2. Maria considers whether she should join the Music Club. ____________________________________________
3. Phil does not manage his studies well. ____________________________________________
4. Marcus organizes a music festival. ____________________________________________
5. Rachel worries about Peter. ____________________________________________

Listen Up
7 Listen and read the statements. Match the statements with the speakers. 1-05

1. Jamie 2. Scarlet 3. Abigail (Abby) 4. Brian

a. I’ve been so busy with dance practices!

b. I’ve been working on my application to a study-abroad program in Mexico.
c. I’ve been thinking you were just organizing a school event.
d. I’ve been thinking about going to Spain.

8 Listen again. Then fill in the blanks. 1-05

1. Jamie: What have you ___________________ recently? I hardly ever see you.
Scarlet: I’ve been ___________________ with ___________________! I’m preparing for the
Part 1 talent show.

2. Scarlet: I’ve been ___________________ about you from Abigail.

Jamie: I’ve been ___________________ on my application for a study-abroad program in
Part 2 Mexico.

3. Abigail: I’ve been ___________________ the whole thing myself so far, and it’s so
___________________.
Part 3

4. Brian: I’ve been ___________________ about ___________________, too.

Jamie: I’ve been thinking that I need to ___________________ more on learning a second language.
Part 4
11
 C Speaking Aim Talk about things you’ve done recently

Vocabulary
1 Listen and number. 1-06

satisfied / disappointed / frightened / tired /

satisfying disappointing frightening tiring

convinced / disgusted / fascinated / touched /

convincing disgusting fascinating touching

2 Circle the correct vocabulary word.

1. We need to buy this book! I’m convinced / convincing it will make us rich.
2. I love popping bubble wrap. It’s so satisfied / satisfying.
3. I was excited to see the movie. But after watching it, I was a little disappointed / disappointing.
4. That movie was so good! I was really touched / touching by the ending, too!
5. I had to give a presentation to the class. I was so frightened / frightening to talk in front of everyone.
6. OK. This hike is really tired / tiring. Can we take a break?
7. What do you mean you don’t like kangaroos? I think they’re fascinated / fascinating animals.
8. You don’t have to eat the ice cream if it’s so disgusted / disgusting. Just throw it away.

Focus
3 Talk with a partner. Note
Adjectives that end in –ed usually describe emotions (how
someone feels). Adjectives that end in -ing usually describe
Hey, Pierre! What have things that cause the emotion.
you been doing lately?

I’ve been taking

karate classes !
Really? That must be
really interesting !
Actually, it’s a little boring.
I don’t like it that much.

4 Listen and circle the best response. 1-07

1. a. b. c. d.
2. a. b. c. d.
3. a. b. c. d.
4. a. b. c. d.

12
Expressions
Ask about a person’s well-being
5 Look at the table. Then talk with a partner.
Question Positive Response Neutral / Negative Response
How are you? I’m fine, thanks. Can’t complain.
How have you been? Not bad. I’ve been busy.
How are you doing? / How ya doing? Pretty good. I’ve seen better days.
How’s life? Couldn’t be better! Not so great.
What’s new? So much! Let me tell you… Same as always.
What have you been up to lately? I’ve been so busy. Not much.
How are you feeling? I’m feeling great. I’m not feeling too well these days.

6 Talk with a partner. Take turns role-playing as one of the people below. Ask and answer
questions about what the person has been doing recently.

Andrea
preparing for an exam Steve
Margot Lindsay exercising
Peter writing a book report trying a new restaurant
studying chemistry

Speak Up
7 Look at the table. Then ask and answer the questions with a partner.
Question Response What do you think of it?

What have you been doing lately? Ex. practicing guitar Ex. It’s challenging but very rewarding.

What books have you been reading

recently?
What TV shows have you been
watching recently?
What sports have you been doing lately?
What classes have you been taking?

8 Talk with a partner. Give a short presentation on one of the topics below and share with
the class. Research online if you need.
Topic Why do you think it’s ______________?
Something fascinating Ex. Mantis shrimp
Something disgusting
Something frightening
Something touching

Ex. The mantis shrimp has the fastest punch of any animal. Its punch is so strong, it can actually shatter
aquarium glass! I’ve been interested in mantis shrimps since watching a fun video about them on YouTube.
They’re really colorful and interesting animals!
13
 D Writing Aim Write to a friend or family member about your vacation

Vocabulary
1 Listen and number. 1-08

program attend charity incredible

willpower make a difference lose track local

2 Match the words with the definitions.

1. program • • a. very good, large, or amazing
2. attend • • b. to have an effect on a situation
3. charity • • c. an organization that gives money, food, or help to people who need it
4. incredible • • d. to not know what is happening to someone or something
5. willpower • • e. a plan of events or activities
6. make a difference • • f. the ability or capacity to make oneself do difficult things
7. lose track • • g. to go to an event
8. local • • h. relating to the area around you

Expressions
Phrasal verbs with make
3 Look at the table. Then fill in the blanks with the correct phrasal verbs. Change
the tense if needed.
Phrasal Verbs with make I don’t
kno
Word Meaning to mak w what
e of
make of to think of (opinion) right no you
w.
make off to leave quickly
make up for to compensate for
make up to forgive; to invent something
make out to manage to see; to understand

1. James ____________________ with the cookies. Catch him!

2. Why are you home late? Don’t ____________________ stories.
3. How do you plan to ____________________ your mistakes?
4. I’m sorry, but I can’t hear you well. I can hardly ____________________ what you’re saying.
5. What do you ____________________ Jim? I think he’s funny.

14
Grammar
4 Look at the table.
Present Perfect Simple vs. Present Perfect Continuous
The present perfect simple and present perfect continuous can often be used for the same meaning. However, the
present perfect continuous usually emphasizes the length of time.
Present Perfect Simple Present Perfect Continuous
Eric has attended the coding academy for eight years. Eric has been attending the coding academy for eight years.

5 Read and underline sentences in the present perfect simple and present perfect
continuous.

Maria !
How have you been doing? Sorry I haven’t written to you sooner. I’ve been really busy! Lauren and
I have been attending a summer program called Girls Who Code! It’s been so fascinating that
I lost track of the time! We’ve already been here for four weeks! I’m learning so much here. You’d love it, Maria.
Lately, we’ve been preparing our final projects. Lauren and I are on the same team. She’s been pushing our team hard
to do a good job. At first, I didn’t like it. I didn’t know what to make of her ideas, and she was so set on what we
should do. But after drawing up a few storyboards, I could make out what she had planned. We’re building a volunteer
website. It should be really useful for local businesses that do charity work for the community. It connects different
charities and different volunteers from across the city. Lauren is really intense when it comes to this project. I’m a
little jealous of her willpower. She’s incredible. I’m starting to get very excited about the results. I’m hopeful that it’s
going to make a difference. But that’s enough about me. What about you? What have you been doing this holiday?
Write back soon!
Love,
Victoria
MISS YOU!

6 Answer the questions in complete sentences.

1. What is the program that Victoria is attending? _____________________________________________
2. How long has Victoria been in the program? _____________________________________________
3. What are Victoria and Lauren working on? _____________________________________________
4. What does Victoria hope her work will do? _____________________________________________

7 Talk with a partner.

1. Have you done any charity work? What?
2. Have you ever attended a study program? What?
3. How can students make a difference in their community?

Writing
8 Write a reply to Victoria. Talk about what you did during the holidays. Use the
present perfect simple and present perfect continuous tenses at least once.

____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
15
 E Project Aim Make a scrapbook

Video
1 Look at the pictures. What do you think the video will be about? Talk with a partner.
Video
2 Watch the video. Number the pictures in order. 1

Video
3 Watch again. Put a check mark ( ) next to the words you hear. 1

satisfied convinced frightening incredible stressful

private disappointed abroad apply willpower

Video
4 Watch again. Circle the word(s) you hear. 1

1. Then I told him we needed a private / 2. I’ve been / I’m doing my best,
incredible area so we could concentrate / hear. ma’am.
3. I’ve also been complaining / stressing to him 4. I’ve been considering /
about the school’s curriculum lately. complaining that as well.

5 Circle true or false.

1. Ella and Mario are in a new club. true false
2. The principal decided to add more classes to the curriculum. true false
3. Ella wants to help with the charity event. true false
4. Mario complained about the computers in the clubhouse. true false
5. Collector and Daisy rescue the cat. true false

6 Look at the photos from the comic. On a separate piece of paper, describe how the
people felt in each moment. Use the present perfect tense.

16
 Century Skills
Scrapbook Creativity Collaboration

7 Read the scrapbook.

BLACKWATER HIGH SCHOOL YEARBOOK

Ella has been a member of the Robotics Club for three
years. Here she is looking at the new clubhouse.
“It’s incredible! I’m so touched.” – Ella

Mario is the Robotics Club president.

He has been the president for two
years. He has done a lot to expand the
Robotics Club program.
“Me? I don’t know what to say in the
yearbook.” - Mario

“Understood.”
- Collector “Behold!”
- Daisy
“That’ll never work…” - Ella

8 Get in groups. Talk with your partners. Make a scrapbook of your class. Include the
items in the Checklist in your scrapbook.

Checklist Manny is in 11th

grade. He has been
(include in your scrapbook)
playing the guitar
•Somethingyourclasshas for eight years. He’s
hoping to get into
beenworkingon a school for music
•Somethingyourclassmates when he goes to
havebeenstudying/ university.
practicing
•Somethingfascinating
•Somethingfrightening Erica is a freshman. She
•Somethingincredible has been studying dance
for five years. She’s
interested in learning
more about Asia.

17
 it
Un

6
OUR PLANET,
OUR HOME

Scan for Audio

WHAT YOU WILL DO IN THIS UNIT

A Listening Listen to talks about the environment

B Speaking Report facts about the environment

C Reading Read an interview with an environmental expert

D Writing Write a summary of what a speaker has said

E Project Interview people about environmental problems

70
Look at the photo and answer the questions.
1. What is in the photo?
2. Which are some things that are good for the environment? How are they positive?
3. Which are some things that are bad for the environment? How are they negative?
4. What can we do to improve the planet’s condition?

71
 A Listening Aim Listen to talks about the environment

Vocabulary
1 Listen and number. 6-01

recycle responsible protect inform

natural knowledge preserve reduce

2 Match the words with the definitions.

1. responsible • • a. to keep something as it is
2. protect • • b. from nature
3. inform • • c. to make something less or smaller
4. preserve • • d. to have the duty of taking care of or looking after something or someone
5. recycle • • e. information learned from studying
6. natural • • f. to tell someone about something
7. knowledge • • g. to keep someone or something safe
8. reduce • • h. to collect used things in order to reuse them

Focus Note
A tag question comes at the end of a
sentence. It’s used to check information.
3 Talk with a partner. There have been a lot of
floods lately, haven’t there?
The temperature seems to be rising every year, doesn’t it?
Yes, there have.
Yes, it does seem to be getting hotter.

We make a lot of garbage, don’t we?

It isn’t difficult to recycle, is it?

No, it’s easy if you have the right knowledge. Yes, we need to recycle more.

4 Circle the best answers to fill in the blanks.

1. It looks hot out today, ____________?
a. doesn’t it b. hasn’t it c. is it
2. It’s easy to recycle, ____________?
a. haven’t we b. don’t you think c. don’t it
3. There have been a lot of fires this year, ____________?
a. is it b. don’t you c. haven’t there
4. We need to preserve the rainforest, ____________?
a. don’t you agree b. doesn’t you agree c. isn’t it
72
Listen Up
5 Listen and number. Match the speaker with the topic. 6-02

a. b. c. d.

wildfires water use ocean levels climate change

6 Listen again. Fill in the blanks with the correct information. 6-02

Professor Williams said,

Dr. Stevenson asked, “Did
“Wildfires _______________________
you know that the ocean is
and reduce the amount of
_______________________ each year?”
farmland and forests we have.”
1. Dr. Stevenson

“You can _______________________ by 2. Professor Williams

doing _______________________ things,

like _______________________ how much
4. Jane Marshall
water you use,” said the park ranger.

Jane says she likes to _______________________

the _______________________. When she has
time, she helps to _______________________
3. Duke Wellington
children about climate change.

Challenge
7 Listen and circle the answers. 6-03

1. Why is it important to save the oceans? 2. What is the most important

a. They’re our biggest source of energy. environmental issue according to Mr. Green?
b. They’re home to 50-80% of all life. a. He believes it’s preserving the ocean.
c. They’re the best way to reduce pollution. b. He believes it’s finding renewable energy.
d. They’re helpful with preserving the climate. c. He believes it’s saving marine life.
d. He’s not sure which one is “most important.”
3. What is NOT true according to Mr. Green?
a. The natural world is a true wonder.
b. One million different kinds of animals live in the ocean.
c. The main factor destroying ocean climates is pollution.
d. Hydropower is the best form of renewable energy.

8 Circle the correct words.

1. Mr. Green says we should reduce / preserve pollution in the ocean.
2. Mr. Green says he has the most responsible / knowledge in preserving the ocean.
3. Mr. Green said that the natural / environment world is a wonder.
4. Mr. Green believes “We need to help protect / preserve nature, and we need to keep
our oceans clean!”
73
 B Speaking Aim Report facts about the environment

Vocabulary
1 Read the words in the box. Then listen and write the vocabulary word you hear. 6-04

amount fear claim serious duty prevent rise effect

1. 2. 3. 4.

5. 6. 7. 8.

2 Fill in the blanks with the best vocabulary words.

1. Mark’s speech did not have the ___________________ he wanted. No one was as excited as him.
2. It’s my ___________________ to watch the children when the teacher is out of the classroom.
3. If you want to ___________________ a fire in the kitchen, always practice cooking safely.
4. I am afraid of many things. I even have a(n) ___________________ of cats.
5. This is a very ___________________ subject, so please don’t laugh.
6. Johnny and Peter ___________________ that the Earth is flat. I think they are wrong.
7. People are worried that the river’s water level will ___________________ and destroy houses during the rainy season.
8. The ___________________ of pollution in the ocean is growing.

Grammar Note
The word that is often left out when changing direct speech to indirect speech, especially in informal situations.

3 Look at the table. “He recycled it,” she said. → She said that he recycled it. / → She said he recycled it.

Reported Speech
Reported speech is used to tell others what’s been said.
Direct Speech uses quotation marks and reports Indirect Speech uses different pronouns and can shift
exactly what someone has said. verbs to the past tense.
Reported
Usage Direct Indirect
Clause
Statement “She’s afraid of lightning,” I said. I told them that she’s afraid of lightning. that-clause
“Do you think climate change is a Kate asked if I thought climate change if-clause /
serious issue?” Jim asked. was a serious issue. whether-
Question clause
“Does the amount of pollution worry She asked whether the amount of
you?” she asked. pollution worries me.
“We must stop forest fires from He says we have to prevent fires. to-infinitive
Command
happening,” John said. clause

74
4 Rewrite the sentences in indirect speech.
1. “There has been a rise in the amount of garbage at the park,” I said.
_________________________________________________________________________________
2. “It’s your duty to protect the rainforest,” the scientist said.
_________________________________________________________________________________
3. “Do you worry about the effects of climate change?” Paul asked.
_________________________________________________________________________________
4. “They have a duty to recycle as much as possible,” Jack said.
_________________________________________________________________________________
5. “We must take climate change seriously!” she said.
_________________________________________________________________________________

Expressions
Reported speech descriptors
5 Listen and repeat. 6-05

Statement Speaker Tag Descriptor Word

“The temperature has been rising every year,” Mom said.
“It’s my duty to protect the planet!” the superhero shouted.
“I fear we’re going to get a storm,” Dad whispered.
“The effect pollution has on our lakes is huge,” Johnny explained.
“I take my duty very seriously!” Mr. Johnson exclaimed.

6 Match the sentence parts. Then listen and check. 6-06

1. “Is climate change responsible • • the rivers and lakes!” • • she asked.
2. “Everyone listen! We need to protect • • prevent forest fires!” • • the farmer explained.
3. “It’s our duty to • • for the rise in temperatures?” • • scientists claim.
4. “It’s a very serious problem • • if we work together,” • • the park ranger exclaimed.
5. “We can stop climate change • • when there isn’t enough rain,” • • he shouted.

Speak Up
7 Listen and then answer the questions using indirect speech. Use the speaker tag under
the picture. 6-07

1. Q: What did she say about 2. Q: What is the problem

pollution? downtown?
________________________ ________________________

scientist ________________________ reporter ________________________

3. Q: What did she say about 4. Q: What did the man say
the number of fires last year? about the ocean?
________________________ ________________________

firefighter ________________________ fisherman ________________________

8 What did you learn today? Use reported speech to talk about what you’ve learned from
your teacher and classmates.
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 C Reading Aim Read an interview with an environmental expert

Vocabulary
1 Read the words in the box. Then listen and write the vocabulary word you hear. 6-08

flood destroy disappear forever permanent future discussion survive

1. 2. 3. 4.

5. 6. 7. 8.

2 Match the words with the definitions.

1. survive • • a. the act of talking with others about ideas
2. future • • b. for all time
3. flood • • c. to no longer exist
4. destroy • • d. lasting for a long time
5. disappear • • e. to live through something, such as a dangerous event
6. discussion • • f. to fill with large amounts of water
7. permanent • • g. to damage or ruin something
8. forever • • h. a period of time that happens later—after the present

Pre-reading
3 Look at the pictures. Talk with a partner. What do you think is happening? What
different effects might these changes have on people and the planet?

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4 Read the interview. 6-09

Note

r H a p p y P l a net Predict means to guess that something will

happen in the future.
Ou
Garry: Hello, everyone! And welcome to the Our Happy Planet Talk Show. We’re here with Professor Julie Bright,
a scientist and expert on climate change.
Julie: Thanks, Garry.
Garry: So, Julie, in your opinion, do we do enough to keep our planet healthy?
Julie: Actually, I think that the world is going to end in the next 100 years.
Garry: I’m sorry. In 100 years? Oh dear... that’s terrible. Can you explain further?
Julie: It’s because we’ve already done too much damage to the planet, and now that damage is permanent. In
my opinion, we’re past the point of trying to protect the planet. Now we should try to save ourselves.
Garry: Surely there’s something we can do. What’s the cause of all this damage?
Julie: Well, the cause is pollution, and its effect is climate change. It’s destroying our planet, and it will continue
to do so. It’s to the point that we cannot stop it. It’s causing the ice caps to melt. [A] Soon they will all
disappear. This in turn will cause sea levels to rise. [B] It’s predicted that sea levels will rise another 48
centimeters by the year 2050. This will flood many coastal cities. They will be lost forever
beneath the water. Flooding isn’t the only problem being caused by climate change
either. Climate change is causing drought, famine, fires, and other disasters to
happen more often all over the world. [C] The bottom line is: we’re losing the
fight against climate change.
Garry: But, Professor, if we stop polluting the environment, can’t we prevent
these disasters that you are predicting?
Julie: Hmm… Well, it couldn’t hurt. But, in order for us to make a real
difference, we’d have to stop polluting the planet now. Climate
change is a problem for all people living now. It’s not a problem for our
kids or our kids’ kids.

Comprehension
5 Circle true or false.
1. Julie believes the damage done to the planet is permanent. true false
2. Sea levels have risen 48 centimeters. true false
3. Melting ice caps cause droughts, famines, fires, etc. true false
4. Julie thinks natural disasters cannot be prevented. true false

6 Read the statements. Then fill in the boxes with the best place to insert the sentences
[A-C].
The ice caps have melted faster in the last 20 years than they have in the past 10,000 years.

These disasters can also cause issues such as lack of food and water.

The sea level has increased by 23 centimeters in the last 140 years.

Note
Effect is usually a noun, and it means the result of a
Challenge change. Affect is usually a verb, and it means to change.

7 Talk with a partner.

1. Do you agree with the reading? What do you agree / disagree with?
2. What would the world look like if the ice caps melted?
3. Do you know anyone who has been in a natural disaster? How did it affect them?
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 D Writing Aim Write a summary of what a speaker has said

Vocabulary
1 Listen and number. 6-10

public
transportation crops increase produce

disease accurate global season

2 Fill in the blanks with the best vocabulary words.

1. My plant seems to be sick. It’s covered in dark spots; I think it has a(n) ______________________.
2. I’m trying to draw a(n) ______________________ picture of the Earth for my science project.
3. Do you think cars ______________________ a lot of pollution?
4. Winter is the coldest ______________________. It’s when we use a lot of electricity for heat and light.
5. Scientists around the world are working together on a(n) ______________________ study of climate change.
6. Without ______________________, many people would not be able to travel around the city.
7. What kind of ______________________ does that farm have? It looks like corn, but I’m not sure.
8. There’s been a(n) ______________________ in the number of forest fires this year. Last year we had just three.
This year we’ve had six!

Focus Note
We use too before adjectives, adverbs, or the determiners much and many.
3 Talk with a partner. We use enough after adjectives or adverbs and before nouns.

Do you think there is enough public transport ?

Do you think there are enough crops ?

No, I don’t think there’s enough.

No, I think there we will need more.

Do you think there are too many buses ?

What happened to the crops?

They died because the disease No, I think there are enough.
was too hard to cure.

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4 Fill in the blanks with enough or too.
1. We produce ____________________ much garbage.
2. There aren’t ____________________ people talking about global warming.
3. Do you think we grew ____________________ crops this season?
4. The plants were sick for ____________________ long. The disease killed them.
5. It’s ____________________ difficult to predict the amount of rain that will fall.

Grammar Note
When reporting speech, the pronoun may be included or omitted.
5 Look at the table. She asked (me) what time he gets here.

Direct and Indirect Reported Speech Questions

When we report a question, the question becomes a statement. There is no longer a question mark, and the
word order becomes subject-verb-object. Like reported statements, in reported questions, pronouns and tenses
may shift.
Question Type Direct Reported Speech Indirect Reported Speech
yes-no questions “Do you think global warming is He asked me if I thought global
real?” he asked. warming was real.
wh-questions: who, what, when, “What does ‘produce’ mean?” She asked what “produce” means.
where, why, how she asked.
who, whom, what “What kind of crops are these?” He asked what kind of crops they
he asked. were.
when, where, why, how “How accurate is this chart?” the The teacher asked how accurate the
teacher asked. chart was.

6 Write the direct reported speech as indirect reported speech.

1. “Do you think there has been an increase in temperature?” he asked.
_____________________________________________________________________________
2. “Who is growing crops this year?” she asked.
_____________________________________________________________________________
3. “How can I find some public transport?” he asked.
_____________________________________________________________________________
4. “What kinds of cars produce so much pollution?” they asked.
_____________________________________________________________________________
5. “Do you think this report about global warming is accurate?” the scientist asked.
_____________________________________________________________________________

Writing
7 On a separate piece of paper, listen and write the questions the interviewer asked. Then
change the questions to indirect reported speech statements. 6-11

8 Listen again. Take notes on the facts given by Nadia. Talk with the class. Report what you
heard and try to get all the facts. 6-11

9 Write a summary of the interview. Listen again to check your answers. 6-11

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 E Project Aim Interview people about environmental problems

Video
1 Match the words with the definitions.
1. natural disaster • • a. a strong storm with circular winds in the Atlantic Ocean
2. drought • • b. changes in the world’s weather that are believed to be caused by human activity
3. hurricane • • c. an event in nature, such as an earthquake, that can harm lots of people
4. climate change • • d. a long period when there is little or no rain

2 Look at the pictures. What do you think the video will be about? Talk with a partner.

Video
3 Watch the video. Number the pictures in order. 6

Video
4 Watch again. Put a check mark ( ) next to the words you hear. 6

inform disappear discussion increase disease

responsible preserve produce protect destroy

Video
5 Watch again. Rewrite the statements in the given reported speech form. 6

1. (indirect) 2. (direct)
“So, Phil Guy, you have some “Oh, every one of us is responsible for
knowledge on global warming, the environment, Gloria.”
don’t you?” ____________________________
____________________________ ____________________________
____________________________ 4. (indirect)
3. (direct) “If we don’t stop climate change, we’re
“Maybe I’m doing enough already.” looking at so many natural disasters.”
____________________________ ____________________________
____________________________ ____________________________

80
 Century Skills
Environmental Reporter Creativity Collaboration

6 Read the problems. Then write questions asking how to fix the problems.

Problem
The world uses too much There is an increasing number Climate change is causing
water. of forest fires. permanent damage to the
environment.
Ex. How can we reduce the ___________________________ ___________________________
Question amount of water we use? ___________________________ ___________________________
___________________________ ___________________________

Problem

Global warming is causing Hurricanes and typhoons are Cities are producing too much
strange weather. becoming more common. trash.
___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________
Question ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________
___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________

7 Get in a group. Choose three problems in 6 to find solutions to.

8 Each member of the group will interview different people. Describe the problems in 6
and ask the questions. Take notes of the interviewees’ answers.

9 Report your findings to your group. Then do research. Go online to find solutions to each
problem. Report your findings to the group and prepare a short report on a separate piece
of paper to present to the class.
Problem #1 Problem #2 Problem #3
Solution #1: Solution #1: Solution #1:
___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________
___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________
Solution #2: Solution #2: Solution #2:
___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________
___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________
Solution #3: Solution #3: Solution #3:
___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________
___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________

10 Present your findings to the class and discuss.

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 Review Unit 5-6

1 Read and choose the best words to fill in the blanks.

Urgent Announcement for Apartment Building Residents

A number of 1. __________________ have been reported by residents in the building. In most cases, the
leaks are coming from the ceiling. They are damaging walls and carpets. We have had expert advice from
a(n) 2. __________________, and we think the leaks are caused by damaged pipes from the shower units.
If you have this problem, there are two possible solutions. You can fix the pipes 3. __________________
with simple 4. __________________ which can be 5. __________________ or rented from the local
hardware store. Or you can buy and 6. __________________ a new shower unit and pipes. This second
option is more expensive, but you will save money on 7. __________________ because new shower units
are more water and energy 8. __________________.

For a step-by-step video guide on how to fix the pipe or install a new shower unit,
visit the residents’ website: [Link].

1. a. equipment b. tools c. leaks d. conditions

2. a. plumber b. expert c. director d. friend
3. a. ourselves b. through c. himself d. yourself
4. a. support b. waste c. tools d. conditions
5. a. purchased b. issued c. paid d. supported
6. a. examine b. install c. heat d. complete
7. a. hardware stores b. leaks c. electricity d. issues
8. a. simple b. efficient c. urgent d. expert

2 Read and fill in the blanks with the words in the box. One word is not used.
produce public transportation reduce responsible
effect future protect recycle

THREE THINGS YOU CAN DO TO HELP 1. __________________ OUR PLANET

We all know that climate change and pollution are huge issues. It’s easy to point the finger and
blame others for the problems, but we are all 2. __________________. So what can we do
personally to help solve these problems? Here are three things you can start doing today for a
greener 3. __________________:
1. Reuse grocery bags.
Plastic grocery bags often end up in the ocean or polluting other natural environments. So when you go
shopping for food, books, etc., take a reusable bag. If you do have to use a plastic bag, don’t throw it away.
You can reuse that, too!
2. Rethink your travel habits.
The regular use of cars and airplanes has a negative 4. __________________ on the health of the planet. So
if you have a car, sell it and use 5. __________________ or ride a bicycle instead. You will be healthier, and
you’ll save money.
3. Save electricity
In many countries, power stations 6. __________________ electricity by burning coal. This is dirty and damages
the environment. We should try to 7. __________________ the amount of electricity we use. You can save
electricity at home by using energy-efficient light bulbs, reducing air conditioner usage, and turning off lights
when you’re not using them.

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3 Use the prepositions to complete the sentences.

out of around through off into

1. Guess whom I ran _______________ at the grocery store! George Posen! Remember him? He’s back in the city now.

2. Suddenly the car stopped. That’s when I realized: we had run _______________ gas!

3. I think I understand the plan. But could you just run _______________ it one more time so we’re completely clear?

4. I didn’t have lunch today. I was too busy running _______________ getting ready for the start of the conference.

5. The end of the movie was awesome. They killed the bad guy and then ran _______________ together to America.

4 Rewrite the sentences in indirect reported speech.

1. Mike said, “I think I can fix it myself.”

__________________________________________________________________________

2. John asked me, “Where is the kitchen?”

__________________________________________________________________________

3. Miranda said, “I will go home at 8 p.m.”

__________________________________________________________________________

4. Layla said, “I have been to the south coast many times, but I still don’t like it.”

__________________________________________________________________________

5 Listen and circle true or false. R3-01

1. Geoff’s window frames are in bad condition. true false

2. Sandra is able to install window frames herself. true false

3. Tony is a professional plumber. true false

4. Tony installed new water pipes at Sandra’s house. true false

6 Listen to the four people and then number the pictures. Then write some advice on a
separate piece of paper on how they can help to protect the planet. R3-02

Jonah Steve Janet Tess

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