1, Introduction to python
Python is a popular and versatile programming language that has gained widespread
adoption in various domains. Let’s explore some key aspects of Python:
1. What is Python?
o Python was created by Guido van Rossum and released in 1991.
o It is used for:
Web development (server-side)
Software development
Mathematics
System scripting
2. What Can Python Do?
o Python can be used to:
Create web applications on servers.
Build workflows alongside software.
Connect to database systems.
Read and modify files.
Handle big data and perform complex mathematics.
Rapidly prototype or develop production-ready software.
3. Why Python?
o Python has several advantages:
Platform Independence: It works on different platforms (Windows,
Mac, Linux, Raspberry Pi, etc.).
Readable Syntax: Python’s syntax is simple and similar to the English
language.
Concise Code: Developers can write programs with fewer lines
compared to other languages.
Interpreted Execution: Code can be executed as soon as it’s written,
allowing quick prototyping.
Versatility: Python supports procedural, object-oriented, and
functional programming styles.
4. Python Versions:
o The most recent major version is Python 3, which we’ll use in this tutorial.
o Python 2, although not actively updated, is still in use for legacy systems.
5. Syntax Comparison:
o Python emphasizes readability:
New lines complete commands (no semicolons or parentheses).
Indentation defines scope (loops, functions, classes).
No curly braces for scoping (unlike other languages).
6. Example:
print("Hello, World!")
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2. Introduction to python Data Types
1. Numeric Data Types:
o Integers (int): Represent whole numbers (positive or negative) without
fractions or decimals. There’s no limit to the length of an integer value.
o Floats (float): Represent real numbers with a decimal point. Optionally,
scientific notation (e.g., 1.23e-4) can be used.
o Complex Numbers (complex): Represent numbers with both a real part and
an imaginary part (e.g., 2 + 3j).
2. Sequence Data Types:
o Strings (str): Sequences of characters (letters, numbers, symbols). Enclosed in
single or double quotes.
o Lists: Ordered collections of elements (mutable). Lists can contain different
data types.
o Tuples: Similar to lists but immutable (cannot be modified after creation).
o Ranges: Represents an immutable sequence of numbers (often used for loops).
3. Mapping Data Types:
o Dictionaries (dict): Key-value pairs. Keys must be unique, and values can be
of any data type.
4. Set Data Types:
o Sets: Unordered collections of unique elements. Useful for removing
duplicates and performing set operations (union, intersection, etc.).
5. Boolean Data Type:
o Booleans (bool): Represent truth values (True or False). Used for logical
operations.
6. Binary Data Types:
o Bytes: Immutable sequences of bytes (used for raw binary data).
o Bytearray: Mutable version of bytes.
o Memoryview: Provides a view of the memory of an object (used for efficient
manipulation of large data).
7. Special Value:
o None: Represents the absence of a value or a null value.
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3. Program to accept two numbers and swap them with each other
x = int(input("Enter value of x: ")) # Input from user
y = int(input("Enter value of y: ")) # Input from user
x, y = y, x
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print("x =", x)
print("y =", y)
4. Program to accept three integers and print the largest
num1 = int(input("Enter the first number: "))
num2 = int(input("Enter the second number: "))
num3 = int(input("Enter the third number: "))
if (num1 >= num2) and (num1 >= num3):
largest = num1
elif (num2 >= num1) and (num2 >= num3):
largest = num2
else:
largest = num3
print(f"The largest number is {largest}")
5. Program to accept an integer and find out whether it is even or
odd
# Python program to check if the input number is odd or even
num = int(input("Enter a number: ")) # Input from user
# Check if the remainder when divided by 2 is zero
if (num % 2) == 0:
print(f"{num} is **Even**")
else:
print(f"{num} is **Odd**")
6. Program to accept an integer and find out whether it is prime or
Not
from math import sqrt
num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
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prime_flag = 0
if num > 1:
for i in range(2, int(sqrt(num)) + 1):
if (num % i) == 0:
prime_flag = 1
break
if prime_flag == 0:
print("True")
else:
print("False")
7. Program to calculate and print the sums of even and odd integers
of the first n natural numbers
n = int(input("Enter a positive integer (n): "))
even_total = sum(range(2, n + 1, 2))
odd_total = sum(range(1, n + 1, 2))
print(f"The sum of even numbers from 1 to {n} = {even_total}")
print(f"The sum of odd numbers from 1 to {n} = {odd_total}")
8. Program to display the following output using nested for loops
#
##
###
####
#####
for i in range(1, 6):
for j in range(i):
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print("#", end="")
print()
9. Program to input a string and check if it is a palindrome string
using a string slice
user_input = input("Enter a string: ")
cleaned_input = user_input.replace(" ", "").lower()
if cleaned_input == cleaned_input[::-1]:
print(f"{user_input} is a palindrome!")
else:
print(f"{user_input} is not a palindrome.")
10. Program to check if the highest element of the list lies in the first half of the list or in
second half
def find_max_halves(arr):
n = len(arr)
mid = n // 2
max_first = max(arr[:mid])
if n % 2 == 1:
max_first = max(max_first, arr[mid])
max_second = max(arr[mid:])
print(f"The maximum element in the first half: {max_first}")
print(f"The maximum element in the second half: {max_second}")
arr = [1, 12, 14, 5]
find_max_halves(arr)
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11. Program to accept a tuple of ten integers. After accepting whole tuple replace the
value of 3rd element with 101
def replace_third_element(tup, new_value):
lst = list(tup)
lst[2] = new_value
new_tuple = tuple(lst)
return new_tuple
original_tuple = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100)
new_value = 101
updated_tuple = replace_third_element(original_tuple, new_value)
print(f"Original tuple: {original_tuple}")
print(f"Updated tuple: {updated_tuple}")
12. Program to create a dictionary containing names of competition
winner students as keys and the numbers of their wins as values Example – ‘Aradhya’:3
def create_winner_dictionary():
n = int(input("Enter the number of students: "))
winners = {}
for _ in range(n):
student_name = input("Enter student name: ")
wins = int(input(f"Enter the number of wins for
{student_name}: "))
winners[student_name] = wins
return winners
competition_winners = create_winner_dictionary()
print("Competition Winners:")
for student, wins in competition_winners.items():
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print(f"{student}: {wins} wins")
