Practical English Grammar By: Mohan Paraseth, B.A., [Link]., [Link]., [Link]., MSW., M.A (Eng.

Ltr)

THE PREPOSITIONS
Def: A preposition is a word used before a noun or a pronoun to shows its relationship with
another word in the sentence.
The word “Preposition” is derived from the Latin word “praepositum”. It is the
combination of “pre” and “position”, which means “placed before”. It is generally placed before
a noun or a pronoun.
Read the following sentences:
 Humpty, Dumpty sat on a wall.
 Jonah was thrown into the sea.
 Jews threw stones at Stephen.
In the above sentences, “on”, “into”, “at” show relation between “Humpty Dumpty and
wall”, “Jonah and sea” and “Jews and Stephen” respectively. Therefore, these are called
“Preposition.”
The following are some of the primary prepositions: in, on, at, with, between, by, into,
upon, among, since, from, about, above, under, behind, across, during, of, off, beside, down, for,
against, towards, till, to, due to, owing to, through, and out.

Note: Usually a preposition is placed before its object, but sometimes it follows the object.
Kinds of Prepositions
There are five kinds of prepositions:
1. Simple Prepositions:
These prepositions are constructed by only one word like: at, by, for, from, in, near, to, of, off,
on, out, through, till, up, and with.
2. Double Prepositions

These prepositions are formed by combining two words or two Simple Prepositions: Here is a
list of common double prepositions (preposition examples):
Into, Onto, Upto, From Behind, From Beneath, Out Of, Upon, Within, etc.

3. Compound Prepositions:
These prepositions are two-word prepositions. Some examples of compound prepositions are as
follows:
About Along Around
Above Alongside Astride
Across Amid Before
After Amidst Behind
Against Among Below
 Practical English Grammar By: Mohan Paraseth, B.A., [Link]., [Link]., [Link]., MSW., M.A (Eng. Ltr)

Beneath Beyond Onto

Beside Despite Outside
Besides Inside Regarding
Between Into Towards
Toward Unlike Within
Under Until Without
Underneath Upon

4. Participle Prepositions

Participles are actually verbs that end with ‘-en’ or ‘-ing’. As these verbs were commonly and
very popularly used as prepositions by the people, these verbs have been given special status as
prepositions.

Concerning, Notwithstanding, Pending, During, Given, Failing, Including,

Excluding, etc.

5. Phrase Prepositions

These prepositions are a combination of the preposition + a modifier (optional) + the object.
They are used to modify the nouns, verbs or sentences and also complete clauses.

At home, in time, with me, from my father, under the blanket, at high speed, By all
means, for a change, In accordance with, on a journey, Out of curiosity, To the best of, etc.

These classifications above are based on the construction of the prepositions themselves. Apart
from this, prepositions are also categorized based on their use in a sentence as:

Some Frequently Used Prepositions

In:
1. “In” is used for enclosed space.
 The book is in the car.
 There is a ball in the box.
2. “In” is used with the names of the state, areas, states, cities and countries.
 We live in India.
 The Taj Mahal is in Agra.
 He is living in my society.
3. “In” is used with morning and evening.
 I will call you in the morning.
 They eat dinner in the evening.
 Practical English Grammar By: Mohan Paraseth, B.A., [Link]., [Link]., [Link]., MSW., M.A (Eng. Ltr)

4. “In” is used for the period of time, i.e. before the names of the months, seasons, years, decades
and centuries.
 She came here in July.
 Days are hot in summer.
 He was born in 1975.
 We are living in the 21st century.
 We may face a heavy drought in the next decade.
5. “In” is used to denote at the end of a period of a time in the future.
 She will come in a month (when the month is over) future.
6. “In” is used before nouns that denote a belief, opinion, interest, feeling, time, state and point
of reference.
 He was born in poverty.
 In my opinion she can do this work.
 I believe in God.
 They are not interest in gabling.
7. “In” is used to indicate a location or place.
 They are currently staying in a hotel.
 He directly looked me in the eye.
8. “In” is used to indicate shape, color and size.
 Mahesh looks good in blue.
 This jacket comes in four different sizes.
 The students stood in a circle.
9. “In” is used before the names of transport. (in the car, in the cab, in the taxi, in the ambulance)
 He is sitting in the car
 She likes a ride in a cab.
10. “In” is used in historical period of time.
 Man lived in jungles in prehistoric times.
 Religion was a great force in England in the middle Ages.
11. “In” is used in length of time.
 The bus will take you to Ambala in three hours.
 I covered the distance in twenty minutes.
12. “In” is used to show future time reference, time starting from now.
 I’ll be back in two hours.
 You will get your food in fifteen minutes.
 Practical English Grammar By: Mohan Paraseth, B.A., [Link]., [Link]., [Link]., MSW., M.A (Eng. Ltr)

13. “In” is used in place of work: in a bank, in a factory, in a firm, etc.

 My neighbor works in a factory.
 His father works in a bank.
14. “In” is used in room and places: in the kitchen, in the room, in the bathroom, etc.
 She has been in the kitchen for half an hour.
 The boys are in the bathroom.
15. “In” is used before the body parts and action
 He punches me in my stomach every time I lie.
 She slapped me in my face in front of everyone.
16. “In” is used before the names of direction.
 There’s a lot of beautiful places to visit in southern part of India.
 The sun rises in the east.

At:
1. “At” is used to indicate a specific place, point or location.
 My mother is at home.
 We sat at the table.
 He is standing at the door.
2. “At” is used before the name of definite time.
 This shop opens at 7 a.m. every day.
 I get up at 6 a.m. daily.
3. “At” is used before the name of a small town, village, or colony.
 Asish lives at Bijapur.
 I was born at New Ashok Nagar.
4. “At” is used before dawn, noon, and night.
 Mary, with other women, went to the tomb at dawn.
 My father arrived home at night.
5. “At” is used sometimes before the name of some festivals.
 They came to us at Holi.
 Stars are hung at Christmas.
6. “At” is used to indicate age and condition:
 I got this job at the age of twenty-five.
 Practical English Grammar By: Mohan Paraseth, B.A., [Link]., [Link]., [Link]., MSW., M.A (Eng. Ltr)

7. “At” is used to indicate an activity.

 They all laughed at me.
 I am good at drawing a landscape.
8. “At” is used before meal.
 They met each other at dinner.
 All the friends were present at lunch.
9. “At” is used to indicate specific address.
 He lives at 7 model town.
 The prime minister of England lives at 10 Downing Street.
10. “At” is used to point out a direction.
 Don’t look at him like that.
 She threw a heavy rod at me yesterday.
 What are you looking at?
 Don’t yell at me? What did I do?
11. “At” is used to indicate speed and prices.
 We are driving at 60 km/ph.
 My book is being sold at $15 per copy.
12. “At” is used to talk about how good or bad someone is using adjective with it.
 He’s good at public speaking.
 My sister Riya is amazing at singing.
 I am terrible at lying.
 You are not at your best right now.

On:
1. “On” is used to express a surface of something
 There is a book on the table.
 The doll is lying on the floor.
2. “On’ is used before the name of a date.
 Gandhi was born on the 2nd of October.
 We celebrate Republic day on the 26th of January every year.
3. “On” is used before the name of a day and specific occasions.
 Our school remains closed on Saturday.
 Christians worshiped God on Sunday.
 We will do special on your birthday.
 Practical English Grammar By: Mohan Paraseth, B.A., [Link]., [Link]., [Link]., MSW., M.A (Eng. Ltr)

4. “On” is used to denote support and concern.

 Mr. Panday has written books on economics.
5. “On” is used to express the situation, place or condition.
 The poor man is on the verge of starvation.
 The company had him on my recommendation.
 They threw a party on his return.
6. “On” is used to indicate a body part.
 The master hit her on the palm.
 She patted me on my back.
7. “On” is used to indicate the state of something.
 All the items are on sale.
 The house is on fire.
8. “On” is used to indicate types of transport.
 He rode on his horse.
 She was on the train to Delhi.
 We are on the bus.
 She likes working on a train.
9. To refer to a device or machine.
 We are watching you live on T.V.
 She spoke to me on the phone.
 He has been on the computer since the morning.
10. To show your presence on digital platforms/ applications.
 I am not on Facebook.
 He is planning to be on Tinder.
 She has 500K followers on FB.
11. To indicate the state of a person or a thing.
 My is on medication.
 I am on a diet; I can’t eat burgers now.
 My bike is on sale.
 Your house is on fire.

Upon:
Unlike “on”, “upon” is used in speaking of things in motion.
 Practical English Grammar By: Mohan Paraseth, B.A., [Link]., [Link]., [Link]., MSW., M.A (Eng. Ltr)

 The cat sprang upon the table.

 I have hit upon a good plan to get rid of him.

To:
1. “To” is used in speaking of things in motion.
 I went to church yesterday.
 She ran to the station.
 We are going to Mumbai next week.
 I am moving to his flat.
2. “To” is used in telling time.
 It is a quarter to five.
 It is five minutes to seven.
 My working hours are from nine to six.
3. Most infinitive verbs take “to” before them.
 She wants to go out.
 Jesus ascendant to prepare a mansion for you.
4. “To” is used to show the cause.
 Do not fell a tree to catch a black bird.
 He met the pastor to ask pardon.
5. “To” is used to indicate relationship.
 I have answer to your question.
 Do not pay attention to every little thing in your life.
6. “To” is used to indicate a limit or an ending point.
 The books were piled up to the ceiling.
 The stock price rose up to 120 dollars.
7. “To” is used to indicate the receiver of an action.
 I am planning to give away my books to my followers.
 Will you show this to my mother?
 I have been writing to Bill Gates for year.
8. “To” is used to show preference.
 I prefer coffee to tea.
 She prefer being single to being in a relation.
 Most people prefer winter to summer.

Into:
 Practical English Grammar By: Mohan Paraseth, B.A., [Link]., [Link]., [Link]., MSW., M.A (Eng. Ltr)

1. “Into” is also used to show a movement towards the inside of a place.

 The boy jumped into the water.
 James walked into the room.
 She can jump into the pool.
 I am going into the kitchen.
2. “Into” is used in case of change or transformation.
 Pitam translated the message into Hindi.
 Change the following sentences into passive voice.
 You have grown into a smart man.
 The ice cream, because of you, has turned into just liquid.
3. “Into” is used in the sense of time.
 You should not work so (all into the night).
4. “Into” is used in division.
 4 into 8 go twice.
5. “Into” is used to show an explosion or collision between two objects.
 I went into a tree as it was very dark.
 Sometimes, he slams his head into the wall.
6. “Into” is used to enter a place or a vehicle.
 They marched into the stadium like warriors.
 After hitting the poor guy, she got into her car and fleed away.
7. “Into” is used to talk about like and dislike.
 He is into sports car.
 I am into teaching English.
 I am not into drinking.

With:
1. “With” is used o denote companionship.
 He is going with his father.
 We shall be with the Lord forever.
2. “With” is used to denote the instrument of an action.
 As the corn is cleaned with wind, so is the soul with chastening.
 The teacher punished the student with a stick.
3. “With” is used to denote the manner of an action.
 Practical English Grammar By: Mohan Paraseth, B.A., [Link]., [Link]., [Link]., MSW., M.A (Eng. Ltr)

 One should face his problem with courage.

 He bore the cross with obedience.

By:
1. “By” is used to denote the agent or the doer of an action.
 Joseph was sold to the Egyptian merchant by his brothers.
 The picture on the wall was drawn by my father.
2. “By” is used to denote the type of transportation.
 We go to school by bus every day.
 We went to Ajmer by car.
 Vascoda Gama came to India by sea.
3. “By” is used with the watch.
 It is two by my watch.
4. “By” is used with the manner in which an action is done.
 I caught him by the collar.

Between:
“Between” is used with two persons, places or things.
 There was a deep friendship between David and Jonah.
 Jesus is the mediator between God and man.
 Divide the sweet between Hari and Shyam.
 Israel is situated between the Mediterranean and the Dead Sea.

Until:
“Until” is used when referring to time whereas ‘to’ is used when referring to place.
 We waited for you until 4 p.m.
 The disciples took the Gospel to the ends of the world.

Since:
1. “Since” is used in perfect or perfect continuous tense to denote a point of time.
 I have been staying in Delhi since 1997.
 I have known him since 2000.
2. “Since” is used as ‘because’.
 Practical English Grammar By: Mohan Paraseth, B.A., [Link]., [Link]., [Link]., MSW., M.A (Eng. Ltr)

 Truth is most powerful thing in the world, since fiction can only please us by its
resemblance to the truth.
3. “Since” is used as conjunction and an adverb.
 We don’t hang out with him since he’s a fraud. (conjunction)
 Since he was texting me inappropriate messages, I blocked hi. (conjunction)
 I said something bad to her. We have not been talking to her ever since. (adverb)

From:
1. “From” is used to denote a place connected to the action.
 Hari came back from school.
2. “From” is used to denote the source or origin of something.
 This is quoted from the Bible.
 He did it from his attitude of gratitude.
 Farmers get wheat from their fields.
 He took the bread and fish from the lad.
3. “From” is used in any form of tense to denote a point of time.
 The prayer will be held from morning until evening.
 We must study from this day on.
4. To show the starting point of an event or an activity.
 The tickets are on sale from the first week of march.
 The tournament is starting from this coming Sunday.
 She was death from birthday.
5. To talk about ranges of different things: starting and ending point.
 The course may cost you from $50 to $200.
 From 2012 to 2016, I was the principal of the school.
 We take students from the age of 10 to 15.
6. To talks about distances.
 The airport is like 15 kms from here.
 She lives 200 meters away from my house.
7. To talk about the reason of something.
 He died from a heart attack.
 I am tired from today’s work.
8. To show what something is made from.
 This wine is made from apples.
 Practical English Grammar By: Mohan Paraseth, B.A., [Link]., [Link]., [Link]., MSW., M.A (Eng. Ltr)

 The bowl are made from wastes.

4. “From” also means: -
i. Because of, as a result of: -
 She is suffering from fever.
 He died from loss of blood.
ii. Separation: -
 The mango fell from the tree.
iii. Instead of: -
 He needs a result from work.
iv. As being unlike: -
 He is different from his brother in character.
v. In place or time: -
 He is coming from home.
vi. Based on, using, out of: -
 Bread is made from flour.
 Sudha played the music from memory.
vii. Judging by, considering: -
 From his appearance, he looks old.

Of:
1. “Of” is used to denote possession, relationship or virtue.
 We are the children of God.
 He is a man of means.
 David was a man of might.
2. “Of” also is used to denote cause.
 He died of cholera.
 She died of dengue.
3. “Of” also is used to indicate an amount or number.
 Practical English Grammar By: Mohan Paraseth, B.A., [Link]., [Link]., [Link]., MSW., M.A (Eng. Ltr)

 She drank the entire jug of milk.

 A large number of students gathered at the stadium.
 He got a perfect score of 5 in his assignment.
4. “Of” also is used to indicate reference.
 I got a discount of 20% on this bag.
 She graduated in the summer of 2016.
5. “Of” also is used to show a time or place reference.
 Do you have any pictures of your childhood?
 The first of my first job was epic.
 Have you been to the southern part of India?
 His birthday in on fourth of May.
6. “Of” also is used after some adjectives: kind, sweet, proud, nice, afraid, scared…
 It’s very kind of him to help me.
 I’m proud of you.
 That’s very sweet of you.
 I’ll take care of you.
 I’m scared/afraid of dogs.
7. “Of” also is used after some words: some, few, a few, many, one, a couple, a bunch, a handful.
 One of the students will be selected for the job.
 Some of my friends are coming to see me.
3. Of means: -
(i) Made from: -
 This house is made of brick.
(ii) Containing: -
 It is a bag of tomatoes.
(iii) With the uncountable noun: -
 I don’t eat lots of sugar.
(iv) Quantity: -
 Give me two kilos of Mango.
(v) From among: -
 The members of the terms are here.
(vi) Origin: -
 Practical English Grammar By: Mohan Paraseth, B.A., [Link]., [Link]., [Link]., MSW., M.A (Eng. Ltr)

 Sudha is a girl of good family.

(vii) By: -
 The plays of Prasad are immortal.
(viii) With date: -
 He comes on the 27th of March.

‘Off’ Means:
(i) Separation: -

 Take the curtains off their books.

 The child is eating off the plate.

(ii) Away from: -

 Keep off the grass.

 He jumped off the horse.

For:
1. “For” is used to show time duration of an action.
 We have been living in Delhi for ten years.
 Children have been playing in the park for two hours.
 I have been teaching English for 5 years.
 She is going to live with us for 3 months.
2. “For” is used in speaking of cost (price).
 Joseph was sold for 30 pieces of silver.
 I bought this watch for seven hundred rupees.
 He’s selling his bike for 500 Dollars.
 How much do you charge for your private classes.
3. “For” is used to indicate the meaning of because of.
 Jesus died for our sin.
 He is taking medicine for a cough.
 We went to Chura Pahad for a picnic.
4. “For” is used to indicate the use of something.
 This room is for sleeping.
 She has been studying hard for her examinations.
 I baked a cake for my friend.
 Practical English Grammar By: Mohan Paraseth, B.A., [Link]., [Link]., [Link]., MSW., M.A (Eng. Ltr)

5. “For” is used to show that something is done for someone.

 I bought a car for my mother last month.
 I cooked Pasta for my friends yesterday.
 He’s going that lame party for you.
6. “For” is used to indicate what/whom someone is employed by:
 My brother is working for USA based company.
 He’s working for an NGO.
7. “For” is used to describe someone/something.
 He’s extremely smart for a child.
 She looks muscular for a girl.
8. “For” is used as a conjunction.
 I can’t come with you, for I’m busy.
 He didn’t go to class yesterday, for he was feeling blue.
4. “For” is used as under: -
i. Sudha is cleaver for her age. (In point of)
ii. I have now studied English for several years. (Extent in time)
iii. I will vote for you. (In support of)
iv. The train is bound for Delhi. (For the sense of destination)
v. We should fight for the weak and the poor. (On behalf of)
vi. He exchanged his book for another book. (In exchange for)
vii. He is rather tall for her age. (In view of)
viii. They left him on the battle-field for dead. (As, to be)
ix. For all his learning he proved a failure in life. (In spite of)
x. he will suffer for his evil habits. (On the reason of)
xi. For miles and miles, there is not a house to be seen. (Distance of)
xii. Gopal did it for me. (On account of)
xiii. I read for pleasure. (For the purpose of)

After:
1. “After” shows the next part of a fixed time.
 Hari reached office after 10 a.m.
 We went to bed after 12: 30 a.m. last night.
2. “After” is used to indicate order or events.
 Peter went back to his old profession after his Master was crucified.
 The match started after the rain had stopped.

3. “After” is used to give the same name to someone.

 Practical English Grammar By: Mohan Paraseth, B.A., [Link]., [Link]., [Link]., MSW., M.A (Eng. Ltr)

 Tyson fury is named after Mike Tyson.

 He has got a stadium named after him.
4. “After” is used to indicate order.
 You can go after me.
 B comes after A.

5. “After” is used to chase something or get something.

 He is only after your property; he is not interested in you.
 Please hide me somewhere; the police after me.

6. “After” is used as a Conjunction.

 We are going to see him after the movie get over.
 After you finish the home work, you can play.

Before:
1. To refer to a time which was earlier than a particular time or an event or an action.
 Let’s go for a walk before dinner.
 You can call me any time before 11PM.
 She came to see me before the wedding.

2. Infront of:
 You need to bow down before the King.
 I love the girl standing before me.

Behind:
1. At the back of something or someone.
 We are hiding behind the curtains.
 Rahul is standing behind me in the queue.
 There is tree behind my house.

2. To indicate the reason or the cause for something.

 Some people from Meerut are behind the riots happened last month.
 I know you are behind my termination.

3. To show support:
 Finish the fight we are behind you.
 When I needed their help, they all rallied behind me.

4. To show someone is behind/losing in a match or an event.

 Our team is behind four points.
 Practical English Grammar By: Mohan Paraseth, B.A., [Link]., [Link]., [Link]., MSW., M.A (Eng. Ltr)

 The BJP is behind twenty thousand votes in the poles.

5. If a failure a bad experience is behind, it’s no longer bothers you.

 All my insecurities are behind me and I have started facing my fear now.
 Let’s put our past behind us and be friends.

Over! It means:
1. “Over” is used to indicate a movement or position at a level higher than something else.
 The plane is flying over the clouds.
 Look at the birds flying over the lake.
 You are not feeling hot since you have an umbrella over your head.
2. “Over” can also be use when an object touches or covers.
 He has mud all over his body.
 I can’t sleep putting a blanket over me.
 I need you to rub his cream over my neck.
3. Means: More than
 I receive over 1000 messages per day.
 They won’t take you in if you weight over 160 pounds.
 Shri N.K. Panday is over forty-five years.

4. To indicate a movement from one side of something to the others. (On the other side of)
 Let’s go over the road and see what’s happening?
 Could you please move over there?
 My friends live over the way.

(i) In the sense of administrator: -

 He ruled over a large kingdom.
(ii) Above: -
 The sun shines over the earth.
 The sky is over our heads.
(iii) During or in the course: -
 We had two meetings over dinner.
(iv) Heard or said by means of our using: -
 I don’t want to say over the telephone.
(v) Beyond: -
 He spent over five thousands rupees for this show.
(vi) Adverbial use: -
 The match is over.
(vii) Till end: -
 Are you staying in Patna over Holi.
 Practical English Grammar By: Mohan Paraseth, B.A., [Link]., [Link]., [Link]., MSW., M.A (Eng. Ltr)

 He traveled all over Europe.

Toward
1. “Toward” expresses direction.
 The ghost went toward the old buildings.
 We are going towards the moll.
 He was coming towards me before he was stop by the police.
 They pushed me towards her.
2. To describe your relation or feeling towards someone.
 The teacher very aggressive towards me.
 You need to have a positive attitude towards life.
 Your commitment towards it will make it a success.
3. To indicate closeness to a specific time.
 The movie started getting boring towards the end.
 I go brock towards the end of every month.

Above:
1. To indicate a higher location.
 The clouds are above your head. Looks like they are following you.
 We hung the clock above the door.
 The plane is flying above the clouds.
 She lives above a bar.

2. To indicate a higher number.

 The temperature is above 45o degrees Celsius.
 We don’t take students above the age of 18.

3. To show higher authority or superiority (more valuable) or a rank or importance.

 We respect our country above anything.
 A college teacher ranks above a school teacher.
 I arte Yoga above any other physical exercise.
 You are not above the law.

Under:
1. To indicate something is below or beneath something.
 Jimmy is hiding under the table.
 I found the keys under the bed.

2. To indicate something/someone is covered by something.

 My wallet is under the pile of clothes.
 Did you place my phone under the book?
 We slide under the bed so that our mother could not find us.
 Practical English Grammar By: Mohan Paraseth, B.A., [Link]., [Link]., [Link]., MSW., M.A (Eng. Ltr)

3. To indicates ‘less than’, used before a number/a quantity.

 You can’t drive as you are under 1.
 His annual income is under 10 lakhs.

4. To indicate control
 “The situation is under control now”, the police said.
 Your act is punishable under the company’s policy.
 I have 500 people working under me. (indicates a superior relationship)
 You are still a minor under Indian law.

5. To indicate what someone is affected by.

 He is under a lot of pressure.
 I have been under a lot of stress lately. (indicates what I have affected by lately)

Below:
1. In lower place or position.
 We are 800 feet below the sea level.
 He I sitting below the window.
2. Less than an amount or a number or a degree. (standard)
 The temperature right now is below zero degree Celsius.
 His performance was below average in the last match.
 My father will not accept below 90% mark in the final exam.

Inside:
1. Within a place covered by boundaries around it. In can be used in place of inside.
 I have a special letter inside this box.
 You are safe inside your house.
 We are playing inside the pool.

2. To indicate a movement inside of a place.

 You are not allowed to get inside the building; you need to have an entry pass for that.

3. Used as an adverb.
 He opens my box and look inside.
 It’s cold here let’s go inside.

4. Used as a noun.
 The inside of my house is beautiful.
Outside:
 Practical English Grammar By: Mohan Paraseth, B.A., [Link]., [Link]., [Link]., MSW., M.A (Eng. Ltr)

1. Meaning: not within the boundaries of a space but very close to it or near it.

 Please leave the shoes outside the room.

 No body knows you outside of this area.
 We are going to play a lot of matches outside India.
 Do not move outside your house, the place is on attack.
2. Used as an adverb.
 Don’t go outside.
 I will see you outside.
3. Used as a noun
 The outside of my house is bad.

Between:
1. To talk about two objects. I t indicates a separation between them.
 I can’t choose between tea and coffee.
 Don’t bring money between us.
2. To indicate a location In the middle of two separate things.
 H sat down between Riya and me.
 Do you know what becomes between A and C?
 There is a wall behind his house and mine.
3. To talk about two or more distinct entities.
 The truce between, china and Pakistan seem to be ending.
 I had to choose between a bike, a play station an iPhone and a trip to Bali for my
birthday.

Along:
1. To move in the same direction from one point to the other.
 Keep walking along the road for a mile, you will find the mall.
 I am dreaming of walk along the beach with her.

2. To indicate a movement closes to or besides an object.

 Don’t you worry; many cars are parked along this road.
 You’ll find many shops along the main market.
 Let’s go for a walk along river.

3. Together:
 Come along with us, you will get bored here.
 Can I come along with you? I have nothing to do.

4. As an Adverb:
 Can I bring my friend along?

Across:
 Practical English Grammar By: Mohan Paraseth, B.A., [Link]., [Link]., [Link]., MSW., M.A (Eng. Ltr)

1. Meaning: to indicate a movement from one side to the other/opposite side of a place or
an object or a space or a line.
 Let’s walk across the road and see what’s happening.
 They are building a huge bridge across the river.

2. To mean “on the side of a place.”

 I want a house across the river.
 He lives across the street.

3. It also means “in the many parts of a place.”

 We have several offices across the city.
 He is running his business across the country.

Among:
1. To refer to someone or something that is a part of group.
 I can’t live among these people.
 Before taking the final a call discus it among yourselves.
 I can’t decide among these cars.
2. “Among: is used with more than two things or places.
 He lived among us, and we saw his glory.
 Divide the sweets among all the boys.
 Hari is one among those who won prizes.

Beside:
1. Meaning: next to or close to something or someone.
 He was standing beside me when the police came.
 I wish your house were beside mine.
 In school, they used to sit beside each other.

Note: We can use “NEXT TO “in place of “BESIDE”

2. Meaning: in addition to, as well as.

 He is not willingto talk to anyone besides you.
 Wouldyou like to eat anything besides a burger?

3. As an Adverb:
Meaning: moreover (on the top of it)
 My father asked me not to marry her; besides, I never liked her.

Down:
 Practical English Grammar By: Mohan Paraseth, B.A., [Link]., [Link]., [Link]., MSW., M.A (Eng. Ltr)

1. To indicates movement form a higher point to a lower one.

 Tears rolled down my cheeks when that scene came.
 He got down on his keens and said sorry.
 Put the phone down on the bed.
 Climb down the tree and get ready for your school.

2. At a point away from you on a road.

 I was walking down the road alone last night.
 He lives 5 kilometers down the main market.
 We are walking down the road.

Through:
Through indicates movement from one side of an object towards the other through a
passage or open area.
 The train went through the tunnel.
 The water is coming through the roof.
 He walked through the woods to get to his place quickly.
 He ran through the crowd to the stage.
 He is peeping through the window.

Up:
1. Up indicates a higher position or movement to a higher position from a lower position.
 The boy climbed up the tree to pick up from fruit.
 We need to walk up the stairs to get to the temple.
 She looks up at the sky every morning.
 Could you help me carry the furniture up t my apartment?
 Let’s climb up the mountain and have a cup of tea at the top.

2. At a point from away from you on a road.

 He has walked five miles up the road to find his lost dog.
 The new bar is up the main street from the mall.

3. As an Adjective
Meaning: ready or awake
 Everyone is up for this. Let’s do it.
 I was up till midnight playing Ludo with my friends.

4. As an Adverb
 He stood up and left.
 She picked him up and started crying.
 Practical English Grammar By: Mohan Paraseth, B.A., [Link]., [Link]., [Link]., MSW., M.A (Eng. Ltr)

Against:
1. In a opposition to something or somebody.
 I am against death penalty.
 They are running a camping against the current government.
 India is playing against Pakistan in the world cup final.

2. If someone or something is leaning against an object, there in touch with each other.
 The teacher told him to lean/stand against the wall.
 I placed the board against the wall.

About:
Meaning: on the subject of or related to:
 I don’t know anything about chess.
 Our parents are always worried about our future.
 He doesn’t tell me anything about his problems.
 Don’t ask me about my love life.