COMMUNITY SERVICE PROJECT

ON
RENEWABLE ENERGY
Submitted to

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY ,

ANANTAPUR
In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
Submitted by
 KOTAPATY MOUNIKA (21R61A0550)
 GODETI PRATHYUSHA(21R61A0525)
 PALAKURU LAVANYA(21R61A0579)
 PERLA PRATHUSHA(21R61A0585)
 MULI PARVATHI(21R61A0570)
 PITTABOYINA PARIMALA(21R61A0587)
 PATNAM MEERA JASMIN(22R65A0503)
 KUMMARAPALI SRINIVASULU(21R61A0557)
 CHILAKALA NAVEEN REDDY(21R61A0516)
 VOLETI CHETAN SAI(21R61A05D0)
 KARNAM VENKATESH(21R61A0538)
 GANGAVARAM CHANDRA SEKHAR(219C1A0501)
 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND
ENGINEERING

PRIYADHARSHINI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND

TECHNOLOGY
( Affiliated to J.N.T.U.A. Anantapur and approved by A.I.C.T.E…, New Delhi )

KANUPARTIPADU , NELLORE - 524004

 2021 -2025

Community service project

Submitted in accordance with the requirement for the degree of B.tech
Name of the college : Priyadharshini college of engineering
Department : Computer science and engineering
Name of the faculty guide : Ms.SK.Madeena ,asst.professor,cse department
Name of the students : Mounika
Prathyusha
Lavanya
Parvathi
Prathusha
Parimala
Meera jasmine
Srinivasulu
Naveen reddy
Chetan sai
Venkatesh
Chandra sekhar
Program of study : UG,B.tech
Year of study : 2nd year
Register number : 21R61A0550
21R61A0525
21R61A0579
21R61A0570
21R61A0585
21R61A0587
22R65A0503
21R61A0557
21R61AO516
21R61A05D0
21R61A0538
219C1AO501
This booklet contains the information of renewable
energy :-

About renewable energy

Types of renewable energy
Advantages of renewable energy
Disadvantages of renewable energy
Differences between renewable energy and non
renewable energy
About hydro energy
 WHAT IS RENEWABLE ENERGY?

Renewable energy is energy derived from natural sources that are

replenished at a higher rate than they are consumed. Sunlight and wind, for
example, are such sources that are constantly being replenished.

TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY:

They are mainly 6 types

 SOLAR ENERGY
 WIND ENERGY
 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
 HYDROPOWER
 OCEAN ENERGY
 BIOENERGY

ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY:

Benefits of Renewable Energy Use
 Less global warming.
 Improved public health.
 Inexhaustible energy.
 Jobs and other economic benefits.
 Stable energy prices.
 Reliability and resilience.

DISADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY:

 The Electricity Generation Capacity is Still Not Large Enough
 Renewable Energy Can be Unreliable
 Low-efficiency Levels
 Requires a Huge Upfront Capital Outlay
 Takes a Lot of Space to Install
 Expensive Storage Costs
 Not Always a Commercially-viable Option
 It Still Generates Pollution.

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN RENAWABLE AND NON RENEWABLE ENERGY:

Renewable resources cannot be depleted over time. Non-renewable resources
deplete over time. Renewable resources include sunlight, water, wind and also geothermal
sources such as hot springs and fumaroles. Non-renewable resources includes fossil fuels
such as coal and petroleum.
There are 6 types of renewable energies .Here we had done the
about hydro energy

Firstly what is HYDRO ENERGY

Hydro energy is also known as hydropower.Hydropower also known as water
power, is the use of falling or fast-running water to produce electricity or to power
machines. This is achieved by converting the gravitational potential or kinetic
energy of a water source to produce power.[2] Hydropower is a method of sustainable
energy production. Hydropower is now used principally for hydroelectric power
generation, and is also applied as one half of an energy storage system known
as pumped-storage hydroelectricity. Hydropower is an attractive alternative to fossil
fuels as it does not directly produce carbon dioxide or other atmospheric
pollutants and it provides a relatively consistent source of power. Nonetheless, it has
economic, sociological, and environmental downsides and requires a sufficiently
energetic source of water, such as a river or elevated lake.[3] International institutions
such as the World Bank view hydropower as a low-carbon means for economic
development.[4]

A brief history of hydropower

From its earliest beginnings to the modern era

Some of the first innovations in using water for power were conceived in China
during the Han Dynasty between 202 BC and 9 AD. Trip hammers powered by a
vertical-set water wheel were used to pound and hull grain, break ore, and in
early paper-making.

The availability of water power has long been closely associated with kick -
starting economic growth. When Richard Arkwright set up Cromford Mill in
England’s Derwent valley in 1771 to spin cotton and so set up one of the world’s
first factory systems, hydropower was the energy source he used. Due to its
multiple services and benefits, hydropower is expected to remain.

A new era for hydropower:

Not long after the turn of the twenty-first century, hydropower development
gained a renewed momentum, particularly across Asia and South America.

Between 2000 and 2017, nearly 500 GW in hydropower installed capacity was
added worldwide, representing an increase of 65 per cent, with growth since 2010
already outstripping that recorded in the first decade of the century.

The significant rise in installed capacity and generation from hydropower has
been driven by a variety of often interrelated factors, notably:

The future:
Due to its multiple services and benefits, hydropower is expected to remain the
world’s largest source of renewable electricity for years to come and with
significant untapped hydropower potential; much of the sector’s future growth is
expected to come from Africa and Asia.
In 2018, IHA, in its annual Hydropower Status Report, reported worldwide
hydropower installed capacity to have risen to 1,267 GW, with a record 4,185 TWh
estimated to have been generated in 2017.

According to the International Energy Agency, in order to meet the main energy-
related components of the Sustainable Development Goals, including the below
two degrees Celsius commitment of the Paris Agreement, an estimated 800 GW of
additional hydropower will need to be brought online over the next two decades.

Hydroelectric power in India:

India is 5th globally for installed hydroelectric power capacity.[1] As of 31 March
2020, India's installed utility-scale hydroelectric capacity was 46,000 MW, or 12.3% of
its total utility power generation capacity.[2] Additional smaller hydroelectric power units
with a total capacity of 4,683 MW (1.3% of its total utility power generation capacity)
have been installed.[3] India's hydroelectric power potential is estimated at
148,700 MW at 60% load factor.[4] In the fiscal year 2019–20, the total hydroelectric
power generated in India was 156 TWh (excluding small hydro) with an
average capacity factor of 38.71%.
The hydroelectric power plants at Darjeeling and Shivanasamudra were established in
1898 and 1902, respectively. They were among the first in Asia and India has been a
dominant player in global hydroelectric power development.[5] India also imports
surplus hydroelectric power from Bhutan.
Small hydropower, defined to be generated at facilities with nameplate capacities up
to 25 MW, comes under the ambit of the Ministry of New and Renewable
energy (MNRE); whilst large hydro, defined as above 25 MW, comes under the ambit
of the Ministry of Power.[6][7] Koyna Hydroelectric Project is the largest completed
hydroelectric power plant in India, with a power capacity of 1960 MW

HOW DO WE GET ENERGY FROM WATER?

Hydropower, or hydroelectric power, is a renewable source of energy that generates
power by using a dam or diversion structure to alter the natural flow of a river or
other body of water. Hydropower relies on the endless, constantly recharging system
of the water cycle to produce electricity, using a fuel—water—that is not reduced or
eliminated in the process. There are many types of hydropower facilities, though
they are all powered by the kinetic energy of flowing water as it moves downstream.
Hydropower utilizes turbines and generators to convert that kinetic energy into
electricity, which is then fed into the electrical grid to power homes, businesses, and
industries.
How Hydropower Works
Hydropower plants capture the energy of falling water to generate electricity. A turbine
converts the kinetic energy of falling water into mechanical energy. Then a generator
converts the mechanical energy from the turbine into electrical energy.

Hydroplants range in size from "micro-hydros" that power only a few homes to
giant dams like Hoover Dam that provide electricity for millions of people.

The photo on the right shows the Alexander Hydroelectric Plant on the
Wisconsin River, a medium-sized plant that produces enough electricity to
serve about 8,000 people.

Parts of a Hydroelectric Plant

Most conventional hydroelectric plants include four major components (see graphic
below):

1. Dam. Raises the water level of the river to create falling water. Also controls the
flow of water. The reservoir that is formed is, in effect, stored energy.
2. Turbine. The force of falling water pushing against the turbine's blades causes
the turbine to spin. A water turbine is much like a windmill, except the energy is
provided by falling water instead of wind. The turbine converts the kinetic energy
of falling water into mechanical energy.
3. Generator. Connected to the turbine by shafts and possibly gears so when the
turbine spins it causes the generator to spin also. Converts the mechanical
energy from the turbine into electric energy. Generators in hydropower plants
work just like the generators in other types of power plants.
4. Transmission lines. Conduct electricity from the hydropower plant to homes
and business.
 How Much Electricity Can a Hydroelectric Plant Make?
The amount of electricity a hydropower plant produces depends on two
factors:
1. How Far the Water Falls. The farther the water falls, the more power it has.
Generally, the distance that the water falls depends on the size of the dam. The
higher the dam, the farther the water falls and the more power it has. Scientists
would say that the power of falling water is "directly proportional" to the distance
it falls. In other words, water falling twice as far has twice as much energy.
2. Amount of Water Falling. More water falling through the turbine will produce
more power. The amount of water available depends on the amount of water
flowing down the river. Bigger rivers have more flowing water and can produce
more energy. Power is also "directly proportional" to river flow. A river with twice
the amount of flowing water as another river can produce twice as much energy.

Limitations of hydro-energy:
o The hydro-power plants are generally not near the location where the power demand
is high.
o The hydro-power plants depend on the availability of water. ...
o The initial cost of construction is very high.
o There are minimal locations that are favorable for the construction of hydro-power
plants.

HAZARDS OF HYDRO ENERGY:

Hydropower stations can and do flood. Failure of drainage pumps can lead
to a slow increase in the water level and eventual flooding of the station.
Alternatively, a plant failure and leakage that drainage pumps cannot
manage can cause rapid flooding of the station.
WE HAD DONE THIS PROJECT AT SOMSILA DAM
Which is near to our area
The "Somasila Dam" is a dam constructed across the Penna
River near Somasila, Nellore district, Andhra Pradesh, India. The reservoir impounded
by the dam has a surface area of 212.28 km2 (52,456 acres) with live storage capacity
of 1.994 km3 (1,616,562 acre⋅ft) or 75 tmcft.[2]
The reservoir can get water by gravity from the Srisailam reservoir located in Krishna
basin. It is the biggest storage reservoir in Penna River basin and can store all the
inflows from its catchment area in a normal year. This reservoir can also feed by
gravity nearby 72 tmcft gross storage capacity Kandaleru reservoir. Under Indian
Rivers Inter-link projects, it is planned to connect the reservoir with
the Nagarjunasagar reservoir to augment its water inflows.[citation needed]
One of the main canals is the Kavali Canal. Kavali canal is feeding to the 52 tanks
under system of tanks. It will be covered dagadarthi mandal, sangham mandal,
jaladanki mandal and kavali mandal. The total length of the canal is 67.619 km. Kavali
Canal is the main source of drinking to Kavali municipality of nearly 1.2 lakh
population.[

Official name Somasila Dam

Location Somasila, Nellore

district, Andhra
Pradesh, India

Coordinates
14°29′22″N 79°18′19″E

Construction began 1985

Opening date 1989

Owner(s) Government of Andhra

Pradesh

Operator(s)
 Somasila Reservoir is constructed across River Pennar near Somasila, village of
Ananthasagaram Mandal in Nellore District of Andhra Pradesh.

The Project envisages storage of 78.00TMC of water at F.R.L. +100.58M. The

contemplated ayacut under the project is 5, 84,500 acres in SPSR Nellore and Prakasam
Districts. Out of which stabilization of wet ayacut under Pennar Delta Kanupur canal system
and existing tanks in up lands is 4,05,500acres and new I.D.is1, 79,000 acres. Out of the above
ayacut an extent of 82,500 acres stabilization and 1,35,000 new I.D is under Somasila Project
canals viz., GKNC Canal (North Feeder Channel ), south feeder channel and Kavali canal.The
allocation of water for the above ayacut is 60.892 TMC. It also envisages to transmit 30.00
TMCof water to Kandaleru Reservoir under Telugu Ganga Project for irrigating 3, 00,000
Acres of I.D. ayacut in Nellore and Chittoor Districts besides 15.00 TMCof Krishna water to
Chennai city for drinking water purposes. In addition to the above 2.40 TMC of water was
allocated to Nellore, Kavali, Gudur and Tirupathi towns for drinking water needs.

The Andhra Pradesh State Electricity Board has sanctioned 2 x 5 M.W. Mini
HydelScheme for Power Generation at Somasila Dam, Nellore District for captive utilization in
G.O. M.S.No.180, dated 29.12.1994 in favour of M/s.Balaji Power Corporation Private
Limited. Further the Government in G.O.Ms.No.100 I&CAD. TGP-I(2) Department, dated
9.7.1999 have issued no objection certificate to hand over the scheme to the said firm for
implementing the Power Project. Accordingly the firm has executed the Mini Hydel Project
including civil, electrical and mechanical works and water is being supplied to power house
and project is commissioned in the year during December 2005and it is enhanced to 2 X 6 MW
i.e. 12 MW. Approval accorded for an additional capacity of 11 MW and will come into
operation in due course.

Salient Feature
Location of Head works :

Village : Somasila

Mandal : Ananthasagaram

Nellore (Foreshore area in Kadapa

District :
Dist.)

River/Tributary : Pennar River

Nearest City/ Town (including KMs.) : Nellore 90 KMs

Name of the upper stream projects : Mylavaram Dam, Cheyyeru

 Project and Lower
Sagileru.Project (Complete).

Village benefited : 101 Nos

Mandals benefited : 15 Nos

Catchments area : 48,645 Sq.km

Maximum Flood discharge (observed) : 6,26,274 Cusecs, 2001year

Designed Discharge at F.R.L : 6,95,000 Cusecs

Designed Discharge at M.W.L : 7,90,000 Cusecs

Gross Capacity at FRL in TMC : 77.988 TMC

Water spread area at FRL (Sq.Km.) : 212.285 Sq.km

Water allocation : 60.892 TMC

Average Monsoon rainfall : 1031.76 mm

FRL/MWL : +100.58M/+101.80M

Gross storage : 77.988 TMC.

Dead Storage : 7.567 TMC

Live storage between MDDL&FRL : 70.421 TMC

Budget for the Year 2015-16 : Plan – 124.9800 Crs.

The total ayacut contemplated under

the Project is .4,05,500 acres wet (stabilization)
and 1, 79,000 acres (New I.D) ayacut.

Component
:
Works
a) Earth
:
Dam
i) Type of
: Zoned Earth Dam
dam
ii)Total
: 352 Meters
Length
iii)Top :
: 18 Meters
width
b) Non
Over Flow :
Dam
i) Type of
: Masonry Gravity
dam
ii) Total
: 172.53 Meters
length
iii) Top
: 105.15Meters
level
c) Spill
:
Way
i) Type of
: Ogee Type
Spill way
ii) Total
: 236.21 Meters
Length
iii)Crest
: 86.87 Meters
level
d) No.of
: 12 Nos.
Gates
Size of the
: 15.24 x 14.17 meters
radial gates
6, 95,000 C/s at
F.R.L.100.58 meters.
7, 90,000 C/s at
M.W.L.101.80
meters

Irrigation Potential

The total
ayacut contemplated
under the Project is
.4,05,500 acres wet
(stabilization) and 1,
79,000 acres (New
I.D) ayacut.

e)Maximum The
Designed : Mandals covered are
Discharge Alluru, Bogolu,
Buchi, Dagadarthi,
Indukurpet, Kovur,
Kodavalur,Muthukur,
Nellore, Sangam,
Thotapalli Gudur,
Venkatachalam,
Vidavalur,
Podalakur, Nellore
Rural, Manubolu,
Jaladanki, Kaligiri,
Kavali, Kaluvoy,
Chejerla, Podalakur,
Ananthasagaram,
Atmakur, Marripadu
and A.S.Peta.
 we had done thids project at somila dam .we went to somsila dam, there
we meet the officer for seeking permission for the prject.There we had a good
experience .we saw the dam and seen how hydroenergy is creating and how
hydropower is produced.