My Wish Enterprise plc
Develon
Ethiopia
Service Eng. Solomon Ayalew
What is ENGINE?
Is a device which convert any form of energy
into another form of energy.
Eg. Fan motor
Cylinders
Fuel pump…
Heat Engine
Is a device which converts Heat energy by a means of
chemical energy(Fuel , Air , and spark) into
mechanical energy.
Types of Heat Engine HE
Internal External
Combustion IC Combustion EC
IC Engine
The combustion of fuel
is take place inside of the
cylinders .
Working fluids are
petrol, Diesel , and
Gases.
IC Engine
Advantage Disadvantage
Smaller in size. High vibration due to
reciprocating motions.
Starting is very easy.
Inability to use variety of fuel.
High thermal efficiency.
Lower mechanical efficiency.
High Temperature and
pressure.
EC Engine or Gas Turbine
The combustion of fuel
or coal is takes place
outside of the cylinders.
Working fluid is Steam.
EC Engine
Advantage Disadvantage
Cheaper fuels which is mainly Very large in size.
coal or wood. Starting is more difficult or
Ignition and lubrication is need more energy.
simpler. Low thermal efficiency
Higher mechanical efficiency. Difficult to transfer the
working fluid.
Mechanical Efficiency Thermal Efficiency
External Combustion Engine. Internal Combustion Engine.
Is how Efficient the engine How the engine can transfer
can deliver the work moving the heat produced by the
the piston into work output. combustion into work or
Available energy or force to moving the piston.
perform work. Chemical energy of a fuel
converted to thermal energy
through combustion.
Classification of IC Engine
According to type of Fuel injection system.
1. Spark Ignition SI.
2. Compression Ignition CI.
1. Operation cycle.
S.I Engines C.I Engines
Ignition process is carried Self ignition occurs due to
out with the help of a high temperature of highly
spark plug. compressed air.
which ignites a mixture of Therefore, spark plugs are not
required.
air + fuel that is
compressed in the Diesel cycle – constant
pressure.
combustion chamber.
Otto cycle – constant
volume heat is added.
2. Type of Fuel.
S.I Engines C.I Engines
Uses petrol or regular as Uses Diesel as the working
their working fuel. fuel.
Petrol is a highly volatile Diesel is a non volatile fuel
(Evaporate) fuel and has a with a low self ignition
high self ignition temperature.
temperature.
3. Method of fuel injection
S.I Engines C.I Engines
A mixture of air and fuel is Fuel is injected directly into
introduced in the suction the combustion chamber at
stroke. high pressure.
It consist of a carburetor for combustion process is caused
mixing the air and fuel. by the elevated temperature
of the air in the cylinder due
to the mechanical
compression.
It consist of a fuel pump and a
fuel injector.
4. speed
S.I Engine C.I Engine
High speed engines, due to Low speed engines due to
their light weight. their heavy weight.
Homogeneous combustion Heterogeneous combustion
Mixtures - are formed when two or more mix together without
participating in a chemical change.
Homogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture
- Components (Air + petrol) - Non uniform composition.
mixed are uniformly - It can be separated out
distributed. physically.
- Uniform composition
- It can’t be separated out
physically.
5. Weight
S.I Engine C.I Engine
Lighter in weight due to their Generally heavier due to
lower peak pressures. higher peak pressure.
• According to Number of stroke IC Engine
4 Stroke IC Engine 2 Stroke IC Engine
The piston completes four Is an engine that completes a
separate strokes. power cycle with two strokes
It has two revolutions of the of the piston during only one
crankshaft during one power crankshaft revolution.
stroke. Less lubrication system.
Higher thermal efficiency. More smoke and shows less
Less noisy. efficiency.
Lesser thermal efficiency.
Uses valves for inlet Uses ports for inlet and
outlets.
and outlets.
2 stroke IC Engine complete 4 cycles in One revolution of crankshaft…
4 stroke IC Engine complete 4 cycles in Two revolution of crankshaft…
• According to Fuel used IC Engine.
1. Petrol fuel Engine 2. Diesel fuel Engine
Highly inflammable because it Lesser inflammable because it
contain light hydrocarbon. contain heavy hydrocarbon.
Has a carburetor. Has injection pump.
Air and fuel mix before it gets Fuel injected by compression of
in to combustion. air fuel mixture.
Ignition by electric spark. High smoke and low speed.
Less smoke and high speed Heavy duties and heavy weight.
Light duties.
Which car is petrol and diesel?
A B
Which car is petrol and diesel?
A B
• According to Thermodynamic cycle
1. Otto Engine
2. Diesel Engine
3. Duel Engine
1. Otto Engine
Internal combustion four stroke engine.
Designed by the German Nicolaus Otto.
Known today as the gasoline engine.
Constant volume cycle.
Otto cycle.
Otto cycle…
Otto Cycle…
1. Process 0 – 1 :- Mass of air is drawn into piston/cylinder.
2. Process 1–2 :- Compression of the charge as the piston
moves from bottom dead center (BDC) to top dead
center (TDC).
3. Process 2 – 3 :- Constant volume heat added (Spark) to
the working gas from an external source while the piston
is at TDC.
4. Process 3–4 :- Is an adiabatic (isentropic) expansion or
power stroke.
5. Process 4–1 :- Completes the cycle by constant volume
process heat is rejected from the piston while the piston
is at BDC.
6. Process 1–0 :- Mass of air or heat is released to the
atmosphere in a constant pressure process.
2.Diesel Engine
During the compression of air in the combustion
chamber and fuel is injected.
Constant pressure and increased volume.
1→2 isentropic compression
of the fluid (blue) Intake.
2→3 constant pressure
heating (red) compression.
3→4 isentropic expansion
(yellow) power.
4→1 constant volume cooling
(green) Exhaust.
An isobaric process is a thermodynamic process
where pressure remains constant and volume increase.
Suction stroke.
An adiabatic process is a thermodynamic process
where there is no transfer of heat or mass to the
surroundings. Compression and power stroke.
An isentropic process is a thermodynamic process
that is both adiabatic and reversible.
The ignition point is a temperature and pressure
combination at which a fuel spontaneously ignites.
An Isochoric process the heat that is expelled
decreased At this stage, the pressure is constant and
volume decreased. Exhaust stroke.
Q
1.What is the different between engine and heat engine?
2. What is the different of spark and compression ignition?
3. Describe 4 and 2 stroke engine?
4. EC and IC engine different?
5. Draw PV diagram cycle for petrol and diesel engine?
