PARUL UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
Department of Applied Science & Humanities
Third Semester B. Tech (CSE, IT)
Discrete Mathematics (303191202)
Academic Year: 2024-25
Tutorial-1 Sets, Relation and Function
Q.1. List the ordered pairs in the relation R from A = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4} to B = {0, 1, 2, 3}, where (a,
b) ∈ R if and only if (a) gcd(a, b) = 1 (b) lcm(a, b) = 2.
Q.2. Determine whether the relation R on the set of all real numbers is reflexive, symmetric,
antisymmetric, and/or transitive, where (x, y) ∈ R if and only if
(a) 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 0. (b) 𝑥 − 𝑦 is a rational number.
Q.3. Consider these relations on the set of integers:
R1 = {(a, b) | a ≤ b},
R2 = {(a, b) | a>b},
R3 = {(a, b) | a = b or a = −b},
R4 = {(a, b) | a = b},
R5 = {(a, b) | a = b + 1},
R6 = {(a, b) | a + b ≤ 3}.
Which of these relations are reflexive, symmetric, antisymmetric and transitive or not?
Justify your answers.
Q.4. 0 1 1
Let 𝑅 and 𝑆 be relations on a set A represented by the matrices 𝑀𝑅 = [1 0 1] and
1 1 0
1 1 0
𝑀𝑆 = [0 1 1] . Find the matrices representing the following relations.
0 0 1
(a) 𝑅 ∪ 𝑆 (b) 𝑅 ∩ 𝑆 (c) 𝑆 ∘ 𝑅 (d) 𝑅 ∘ S (e) 𝑅⨁𝑆
Q.5. Write the relation represented by the following digraph and also write the matrix
representing this relation.
(a) (b) (c)
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Q.6. Write the relation represented by the following matrices and also draw the corresponding
digraph.
(a) 0 1 0 0 (b) 0 1 1 0 0 (c) 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏
1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 𝟎 𝟏 𝟏 𝟎
[ ] [ ]
1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 𝟎 𝟏 𝟏 𝟎
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏
[1 0 0 1 0]
Q.7. Check if the relations given by the following are reflexive, symmetric, antisymmetric,
and/or transitive:
𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏
𝟎 𝟏 𝟏 𝟎
(a) 𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦)|𝑥 = 2𝑦} (b) 𝑀𝑅 = [ ]
𝟎 𝟏 𝟏 𝟎
𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏
(c)
Q.8. Consider the following database.
a) What will be the result when one applies the selection operator 𝑆𝐶 , where C is the
condition 𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝐷𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑖𝑡 to the database?
b) Display the table produced by applying the projection 𝑃1,2,4.
c) Display the table produced by applying the projection 𝑃1,4 .
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Q-9 If A= {3, 4, 5} and R is defined as aRb iff 𝑎 + 𝑏 > 10, then R is a ___relation. [Summer 2017 –
18]
Q-10 Suppose that 𝐴 = {1, 2, 3} and 𝐵 = {1, 2}. Let R be the relation from A to B containing (𝑎, 𝑏) if 𝑎 ∈
𝐴, 𝑏 ∈ 𝐵, a > 𝑏. What is the matrix representing R? [Winter 2019 – 20]
Q-11 If A = {1,2,3,4,5,6} and R = {(x, y)/ |x − y| = 3, x ∈ A, y ∈ A}. Then, the relation set 𝑅 on A =
____________.
A) {(3,1), (4,2), (5,3), (6,4)} B) {(1,4), (2,5), (3,6)}
C) {(1,3), (3,1), (2,4), (4,2), (3,5), (5,3), (4,6), (6,4)} D) {(1,4), (2,5), (3,6), (4,1), (5,2),
(6,3)}
[Winter 2023 – 24]
Q-12 Given 𝑆 = {1, 2, 3,…… ,10} and a relation R on S. Where 𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦) |𝑥 + 𝑦 = 10}, decide whether
it is reflexive, whether it is symmetric, whether it is antisymmetric, and whether it is transitive.
(Justify your answer if the property is not satisfied). [Winter 2023 – 24]
Q-13 Define closure property of reflexive. [Winter 2022-23]
Q-14 Draw the Hasse diagram for the poset (A,≤) With A = {1, 2, 3, 9, 18} and ≤ as the ‘divides
relation’
Q-15 Which of the partially order sets in the following figures are lattices? Justify your answers with
appropriate reasons.
f f
c
d e d
c a
b
a b O
0
Figure-1 Figure-2
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