Microprocessor
CIT-235
Short Questions
Unit-05
Instruction Set Of 8086/88
Q1: Define computer instruction?
Ans. A computer instruction is a basic command given to the processor, telling it what operation to perform.
Q2: Define instruction set?
Ans. An instruction set is a predefined collection of commands or operations that a computer's processor can
execute.
Q3: What is the function of data transfer instructions?
Ans. Data transfer instructions move data between memory locations or between memory and processor
registers.
Q4: For which purpose bit manipulation instructions are used?
Ans. Bit manipulation instructions are used to manipulate individual bits within binary data, performing
operations like setting, clearing, shifting, and logical operations.
Q5: What is the function of Processor Control Instructions?
Ans. Processor Control Instructions manage the flow of execution in a program through branching, jumping,
and interrupt handling.
Q6: What is the difference between MUL and IMUL?
Ans.
MUL IMUL
Unsigned multiplication Signed multiplication
Treats operands as unsigned integers Treats operands as signed integers
Q7: Write the difference between MOV and XCHG?
Ans.
MOV XCHG
Moves data from a source to a destination Swaps the contents of two operands
Unidirectional transfer Bidirectional exchange of data
Q8: Define Stack?
Ans. A stack is a Last In, First Out (LIFO) data structure, allowing elements to be added or removed only from
one end.
Q9: Write difference between PUSH and POP?
Ans.
PUSH POP
Adds data onto the top of the stack Removes and retrieves data from the top of the stack
Increases the stack pointer Decreases the stack pointer
Q10: Define string?
Ans. A string is a sequence of characters, typically used to represent text or data in computer programming.
Q11: For which purpose LEA instruction is used?
Ans. LEA (Load Effective Address) is used to calculate and load memory operand addresses into registers
without accessing memory.
Q12: What is the difference between SUB and SBB?
Ans.
SUB SBB
Performs subtraction Performs subtraction with borrow
Doesn't consider the carry flag Considers the carry flag as a borrow
Q13: Write the syntax of DIV and IDIV?
Ans. Syntax of DIV and IDIV
● DIV Syntax
DIV Source
● IDIV Syntax
IDIV Source
Q14: For which purpose CMP instruction is used?
Ans. CMP (Compare) instruction is used to compare two operands without storing the result, setting flags
based on the comparison for conditional branching.
Q15: What is the function of TEST instruction?
Ans. TEST instruction performs a bitwise AND operation between two operands, setting flags based on the
result, commonly used for logical tests.
Q16: Write the difference between NOT and NEG?
Ans.
NOT NEG
Performs bitwise NOT operation Negates the value of the operand
Flips each bit of the operand Changes the sign of the operand
Q17:Define unconditional jump?
Ans. Unconditional jump is a program instruction that directly transfers execution to a specified memory
address, irrespective of conditions or flags.
Q18: Define procedure?
Ans. A procedure is a named section of code that performs a specific task and can be called from other parts of
the program for execution.
Q19: Write the syntax of procedure?
Ans. Syntax of Procedure
Procedure_name PROC [near/far]
Instruction-1
Instruction-2
________
________
Instruction-n
Procedure_name ENDP
Q20: Define keyboard?
Ans. A keyword is a reserved word in a programming language that has a predefined meaning and cannot be
used for other purposes, such as naming variables or functions.
Unit 07
INTERFACING TO INTEL 8088/86
Q1: Define the term interfacing?
Ans. Interfacing involves connecting components or systems to enable communication and interaction between
them.
Q2: Write the names of two types of interfacing in computers?
Ans. 1. Memory Interfacing
2. I/O Interfacing
Q3: Define Serial communication?
Ans. Serial communication is the transmission of data one bit at a time over a single communication channel.
Q4: Define parallel communication?
Ans. Parallel communication involves sending multiple bits simultaneously over multiple communication
channels, enabling faster data transfer rates than serial communication.
Q5: What is the basic function of interrupt service routine (ISR)?
Ans. The basic function of an Interrupt Service Routine (ISR) is to handle interrupts, responding to hardware or
software events by temporarily suspending the current task and executing the ISR.
Q6: Define interrupt vector?
Ans. An interrupt vector is a table of memory addresses pointing to Interrupt Service Routines (ISRs) for
specific interrupts, enabling efficient handling of interrupts by the processor.
Q7: Define trap flag?
Ans. The trap flag (TF) is a flag in x86 architecture that, when set, triggers single-step mode, allowing
developers to debug code by executing instructions one at a time.
Q8: Define Interrupt flag?
Ans. The Interrupt Flag (IF) is a flag in x86 architecture that, when set, enables hardware interrupts.
Q9: What does mean by address decoding?
Ans. Address decoding is the process of translating CPU-generated memory addresses into physical memory or
peripheral device locations.
Q10: Define priority interrupt?
Ans. A priority interrupt is an interrupt that takes precedence over other interrupts, ensuring that the most
critical tasks are handled first.
Q11: What is the basic purpose to design the PPI?
Ans. The basic purpose of designing the Programmable Peripheral Interface (PPI) is to enable flexible
communication between a microprocessor and peripheral devices.
Q12: Write any three applications of 8254?
Ans. There are three applications of 8254:
1. Real-time clock functions
2. Pulse width modulation (PWM) generation
3. Frequency generation
Unit 09
8-BIT SUPPORT DEVICES
Q1:Define general purpose peripheral devices?
Ans. General-purpose peripheral devices are external hardware components used for input, output, or
communication tasks with a computer system.
Q2: Define special purpose peripheral devices?
Ans. Special-purpose peripheral devices are hardware components designed for specific tasks or functions,
rather than general-purpose use.
Q3: Write basic functions of DMA?
Ans. DMA facilitates direct data transfer between peripherals and memory, reducing CPU involvement and
improving system efficiency.
Q4: Which four types of data transfer 8237 supports?
Ans. The 8237 Direct Memory Access (DMA) controller supports the following four types of data transfer:
1. Single transfer
2. Block transfer
3. Demand transfer
4. Cascade transfer
Q5: Write any two features of 8255?
Ans. 1. Versatile I/O capabilities with three 8-bit bidirectional ports.
2. This chip is also completely TTL compatible.
