BMT 2019 Individual Test April 7, 2019
Time limit: 90 minutes.
Instructions: This test contains 20 short answer questions. All answers must be expressed in
simplest form unless specified otherwise. Only answers written inside the boxes on the answer
sheet will be considered for grading.
No calculators.
1. Let p be a polynomial with degree less than 4 such that p(x) attains a maximum at x = 1. If
p(1) = p(2) = 5, find p(10).
1
2. Let A, B, C be unique collinear points AB = BC = . Let P be a point that lies on the circle
3
1 1
centered at B with radius and the circle centered at C with radius . Find the measure of
3 3
angle P AC in degrees.
3. If f (x + y) = f (xy) for all real numbers x and y, and f (2019) = 17, what is the value of f (17)?
4. Justin is being served two different types of chips, A-chips, and B-chips. If there are 3 B-chips
and 5 A-chips, and if Justin randomly grabs 3 chips, what is the probability that none of them
are A-chips?
√
5. Point P is 3 units away from plane A. Let Q be a region of A such that every line through
P that intersects A in Q intersects A at an angle between 30◦ and 60◦ . What is the largest
possible area of Q?
6. How many square inches of paint are needed to fully paint a regular 6-sided die with side length
1
2 inches, except for the -inch diameter circular dots marking 1 through 6 (a different number
3
per side)? The paint has negligible thickness, and the circular dots are non-overlapping.
7. Let △ABC be an equilateral triangle with side length M such that points E1 and E2 lie on side
AB, F1 and F2 lie on side BC, and G1 and G2 lie on side AC, such that m = AE1 = BE2 =
BF1 = CF2 = CG1 = AG2 and the area of polygon E1 E2 F1 F2 G1 G2 equals the combined areas
m
of △AE1 G2 , △BF1 E2 , and △CG1 F2 . Find the ratio .
M
1
8. Let φ = . Define
2019
0 if round(nφ) = round ((n − 1)φ)
gn =
1 otherwise.
BMT 2019 Individual Test April 7, 2019
where round (x) denotes the round function.
Compute the expected value of gn if n is an integer chosen from interval [1, 20192 ].
9. Define an almost-palindrome as a string of letters that is not a palindrome but can become
a palindrome if one of its letters is changed. For example, TRUST is an almost-palindrome
because the R can be changed to an S to produce a palindrome, but TRIVIAL is not an almost-
palindrome because it cannot be changed into a palindrome by swapping out only one letter
(both the A and the L are out of place). How many almost-palindromes contain fewer than 4
letters?
10. Let M AT H be a square with M A = 1. Point B lies on AT such that m∠M BT = 3.5m∠BM T .
What is the area of △BM T ?
11. A regular 17-gon with vertices V1 , V2 , . . . , V17 and sides of length 3 has a point P on V1 V2 such
that V1 P = 1. A chord that stretches from V1 to V2 containing P is rotated within the interior
of the heptendecagon around V2 such that the chord now stretches from V2 to V3 . The chord
then hinges around V3 , then V4 , and so on, continuing until P is back at its original position.
Find the total length traced by P .
12. Box is thinking of a number, whose digits are all “1”. When he squares the number, the sum of
its digit is 85. How many digits is Box’s number?
13. Two circles O1 and O2 intersect at points A and B. Lines AC and BD are drawn such that
⌢
C is on O1 and D is on O2 and AC ⊥ AB and BD ⊥ AB. If minor arc AB= 45 degrees
⌢
relative to O1 and minor arc AB= 60 degrees relative to O2 and the radius
√ of √O2 = 10, the
area of quadrilateral CADB can be expressed in simplest form as a + b k + c ℓ. Compute
a + b + c + k + ℓ.
14. On a 24 hour clock, there are two times after 01:00 for which the time expressed in the form
hh:mm and in minutes are both perfect squares. One of these times is 01:21, since 121 and
60+21 = 81 are both perfect squares. Find the other time, expressed in the form hh:mm.
15. How many distinct positive integers can be formed by choosing their digits from the string
04072019?
16. Let ABC be a triangle with AB = 26, BC = 51, and CA = 73, and let O be an arbitrary point
in the interior of △ABC. Lines l1 , l2 , and l3 pass through O and are parallel to AB, BC, and
CA, respectively. The intersections of l1 , l2 , and l3 and the sides of △ABC form a hexagon
whose area is A. Compute the minimum value of A.
17. Let C be a circle of radius
√ 1 and O its center. Let AB be a chord of the circle and D a point on
2
AB such that OD = such that D is closer to A than it is to B, and if the perpendicular line
2
at D with respect to AB intersects the circle at E and F , AD = DE. The area of the √ region
a + b c + dπ
of the circle enclosed by AD, DE, and the minor arc AE may be expressed as
e
where a, b, c, d, e are integers, gcd(a, b, d, e) = 1, and c is squarefree. Find a + b + c + d + e.
|x| |y|
18. Define f (x, y) to be if that value is a positive integer, if that value is a positive integer,
|y| |x|
and zero otherwise.
BMT 2019 Individual Test April 7, 2019
We say that a sequence of integers l1 through ln is good if f (li , li+1 ) is nonzero for all i where
n−1
X
1 ≤ i ≤ n − 1, and the score of the sequence is f (li , li+1 ).
i=1
Compute the maximum possible score of a good subsequence subject to the further constraints
that the absolute value of every element is between 2 and 6, and that if b directly follows a in
the sequence, it can only do so once, and a cannot directly follow b afterwards.
19. Let a and b be real numbers such that
max |x3 − ax − b|
0≤x≤1
is as small as possible. Find a + b in simplest radical form. (Hint: If f (x) = x3 − cx − d, then
the maximum (or minimum) of f (x) either occurs when x = 0 and/or x = 1 and/or when x
satisfies 3x2 − c = 0).
20. Define a sequence Fn such that F1 = 1, F2 = x, Fn+1 = xFn + yFn−1 where and x and y are
positive integers. Suppose
∞
1 X Fn
=
Fk dn
n=1
has exactly two solutions (d, k) with d > 0 is a positive integer. Find the least possible positive
value of d.
