Class Notes: Building a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) - Part 4
1. Advanced CNN Architectures
Beyond basic CNNs, there are more advanced architectures and techniques:
a. Transfer Learning:
Purpose: Use pre-trained models as a starting point and fine-tune them for specific
tasks.
Common Models: VGG, ResNet, Inception.
Example in TensorFlow/Keras:
python
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from [Link] import VGG16
from [Link] import Model
from [Link] import Dense, Flatten
base_model = VGG16(weights='imagenet', include_top=False, input_shape=(224, 224,
3))
x = base_model.output
x = Flatten()(x)
x = Dense(256, activation='relu')(x)
predictions = Dense(10, activation='softmax')(x)
model = Model(inputs=base_model.input, outputs=predictions)
b. Batch Normalization:
Purpose: Normalize the activations of the previous layer to improve training speed
and stability.
Implementation: Add BatchNormalization layers in the model.
c. Advanced Pooling Techniques:
Purpose: Improve feature extraction and reduce dimensionality.
Examples: Global Average Pooling, Global Max Pooling.
2. Optimization Strategies
a. Learning Rate Schedules:
Purpose: Adjust the learning rate during training to improve convergence.
Types: Exponential decay, step decay.
b. Adaptive Optimizers:
Purpose: Adjust learning rates dynamically based on gradients.
Examples: Adam, RMSprop.
c. Gradient Clipping:
Purpose: Prevent exploding gradients by capping the gradients during
backpropagation.
3. Debugging and Improving Model Performance
a. Overfitting and Underfitting:
Overfitting: Model performs well on training data but poorly on validation data.
Solutions include regularization, data augmentation, and cross-validation.
Underfitting: Model performs poorly on both training and validation data. Solutions
include increasing model complexity, more training data.
b. Model Interpretability:
Purpose: Understand and interpret the decisions made by the model.
Tools: Grad-CAM, saliency maps.
c. Hyperparameter Optimization:
Purpose: Automate the search for the best hyperparameters.
Tools: Grid search, random search, Bayesian optimization.
4. Model Deployment and Monitoring
a. Deployment Strategies:
On-Premises: Deploy the model on local servers or edge devices.
Cloud Services: Use platforms like AWS, Google Cloud, or Azure for deployment.
b. Model Monitoring:
Purpose: Track the model's performance and behavior in production.
Techniques: Monitor inference times, accuracy over time, and detect concept drift.
c. Continuous Integration and Deployment (CI/CD):
Purpose: Implement automated workflows for deploying and updating models.
Example in TensorFlow/Keras:
python
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# Save model
[Link]('my_advanced_cnn_model.h5')
# Load model for inference
from [Link] import load_model
model = load_model('my_advanced_cnn_model.h5')
