FEDERAL GOVERNEMNT BOYS’ COLLEGE, ABUJA

FIRST TERM EAMINATION 2023/2024 ACADEMIC SESSION

CLASS: SS2 SUBJECT: BIOLOGY
TIME: 2 HRS
Instruction: Answer All questions in this section
SECTION A
1. One of these is a source of vitamin A. (a) Onions (b) Mango (c) Carrots (d) Pineapple.
2. The products of tissue respiration are (a) glucose, oxygen and water (b) oxygen, water and energy (c)
glucose, carbon dioxide and energy (d) water, carbon dioxide and energy
3. Maize grains are best stored against insect attacks by (a) keeping in a silo (b) storing in the room (c)
leaving them on their cobs (d) covering with leaves.
4. Cholera is mostly spread by (a) air (b) soil (c) water (d) noise
5. Light is excluded from a water culture experiment in other to (a) prevent overheating of the roots (b)
enable the root to grow straight down (c) prevent ionization of water molecules (d) prevent loss of
nutrients.
6. The specific role of a species within its environment is known as its (a) habitat (b) niche (c) trophic level
(d) biotic community
7. Which of the following organelles is found only in plant cells? (a) Mitochondria (b) Ribosomes (c)
Lysosomes (d) Plastids
8. The streaming movement of cytoplasm within paramecium is known as (a) Transpiration (b) Digestion (c)
Cyclosis (d) Osmosis
9. Which of the following instruments is used to determine the turbidity of water? (a) Hygrometer (b)
Hydrometer (c) Secchi disc (d) Rain Guage
10. Xerophytes have the following characteristics aimed at conserving water except (a) thick cuticle (b) broad
leaf surfaces (c) sunken stomata (d) Waxy cuticle
11. An association between living organisms in which one lives on and feeds at the expense of other is known
as (a) commensalism (b) predation (c) parasitism (d) mutualism
12. Which of the following diseases is caused by a bacterium? (a) Ringworm (b) Poliomyetitis (c) Syphilis (d)
Malaria
13. When large numbers of organisms share limited space and resources, the immediate result is (a) extinction
(b) emigration (c) competition (d) mutualism
14. A plant cell has 14 chromosomes prior to mitosis. What is the number of chromosomes in the daughter
cells? (a) 14 (b) 56 (c) 28 (d) 7
15. The major mineral present in the shell of Molluscs is (a) copper (b) sodium 9c) iron (d) calcium
16. The salinity of a brackish habitat (a) increase immediately after rainfall (b) increases at the end of the
rainy season (c) decreases with an increase in the number of organisms (d) increases during the dry season
17. Which of the following soil fertility improvement methods will have the most negative effect on the
ecosystem if not controlled? (a) Application of fertilizer (b) Shifting cultivation (c) Mixed farming (d)
Crop rotation
18. In the pyramid of energy illustrated below, the organism with the least amount of transferred energy is
Bird (a) spirogyra (b) tadpole (c) fish (d) bird
Fish
Tadpole
Spirogyra

19. The area around the earth where life activities go on is referred to as (a) biosphere (b) lithosphere (c)
habitat (d) ecosystem
 20. The following are abiotic components of the ecosystem except (a) water (b) topography (c) bacteria (d)
wind
21. The use of water closet and septic tanks is referred to the use of bucket and pit latrines because (a) it is
cost effective (b) contaminated faeces are completely kept away from flies (d) it prevents flies from
breeding
22. Which of the following substances is not a complex carbohydrate? (a) Glycogen (b) Cellulose (c) Starch
(d) Glucose
23. The producers in a food chain in an aquatic environment are (a) Birds (b) Phytoplankton (c) Zooplankton
(d) fishes
24. The following organisms are pests of plants except (a) birds (b) aphids (c) bacteria (d) rodents
25. Which of the following factors exerts a major effect on the distribution of living organisms in marine
habitat? (a) salt (b) PH (c) Light (d) Rainfall.
26. Which of the following enzymes does not belong to proteases? (a) Sucrase (b) Pepsin (c) Trypsin (d)
Erepsin
27. Which of the following substances passes through the root cell membrane by Osmosis? (a) cell sap (b)
carbon dioxide (c) oxygen (d) water
28. Only specially adapted micro-organisms are found in (a) salty water (b) humid air (c) moist soil (d)
mouth cavities
29. Which of the following features enables the tape worm to live successfully in the small intestine of
human? (a) Hooks and Suckers for strong attachment (b) A long neck for forming young proglottis (c) The
absence of segmentation and appendages (d) possession of flame cells for excretion.
30. An organism is considered a heterotroph when it (a) feeds on inorganic food (b) feeds on already
manufactured food (c) fixes atmospheric nitrogen (d) respires anaerobically

SECTION B
INSTRUCTION: Answer 3 questions from this section. Number 1 is compulsory.
1. A. Define Brackish water? (1mark)
B. Draw and label 8-10cm long of the digestive system of man. (4marks)
C. State 3 beneficial effects of micro-organisms (3marks)
D. State the adaptive features of the following organisms to marine habitat (i) Algae (ii) Barnacles (iii)
Planktons (iv) Bony Fish (2marks)
(10marks)
2. A. What is Metamorphosis? (1mark)
B. Give 3 differences between complete metamorphosis and incomplete metamorphosis (3marks)
C. Briefly explain Conjugation in Spirogyra (2 marks)
D. Mention 2 economic importance of tapeworm (1mark)
E. Briefly explain three vertical zoning of marine habitat. (3marks)
(10marks)
3. A. List and explain three methods of preserving food (3marks)
B. State 2 ways of improving crop yield (2marks)
C. What is Peristalsis? (1marks)
D. Briefly describe the process of reproduction in Earthworm (4marks)
(10marks)
4. A. What is a Vector? (1/2 mark)
B. List five groups of micro – organisms (2 ½ marks)
C. Give two diseases each of plants and animals caused by bacteria (2marks)
D. With the aid of a diagram, describe the types of spherical bacteria. (2marks)
E. Name 3 carriers and the micro-organisms they carry including the associated diseases. (3marks)
 (10marks)

MARKING SCHEME
BIOLOGY
SS2
SECTION A:
1. C 11. C 21. B
2. D 12. C 22. D
3. A 13. C 23. B
4. C 14. A 24. C
5. B 15. D 25. C
6. B 16. D 26. A
7. D 17. A 27. D
8. C 18. D 28. D
9. C 19. A 29. A
10. D 20. C 30. B

SECTION B
1. A. Brackish water is a body of water formed at the coast as a result of the action of tides which mix salt
water from the sea with fresh water from the land. (1mrk)
B.

TL = ½ , CL = ½ , LB = 2 ½ , CD = ½

C. (i) Many useful drugs mainly antibiotics have been formulated from a number of bacteria and fungi.
(ii) Yeast is useful in baking and brewing.
(iii) Denitrifying bacteria convert soil nitrogen to atmospheric nitrogen.
 (iv) Some bacteria produce enzymes which help to digest cellulose especially in ruminating animals.
(v) Acetic acid bacteria are used in the production of vinegar from fruit juices and wine.
(vi) Bacteria are useful in the production of cheese, butter and yoghurt.
(3marks)
D. (i) Algae possess chlorophyll for photosynthetic activities, large surface area for floating.
(ii) Barnacles have protective mantle for attachment to rock shore, has cilia for feeding.
(iii) planktons as air spaces in their tissues for attachment to rocks and air bladder for buoyancy.
(iv) Bony fish – they possess salt secreting glands in their gills or eyes to enable them maintain salt
balance. (2marks)
2. A. Metamorphosis is the series of gradual changes of formed and shape of an insect from the fertilized egg
to adult (mature stage of adulthood) (1mark)
B.

Complete Metamorphosis Incomplete Metamorphosis

1. Four stages of development are Three stages of development are

involved. involved
2. There is presence of pupa There is absence of pupa

3. There is absence of Nymp Nymp is present

4. No resemblance between pupa There is a resemblance between

and adult nymph and adult

(Any 3 × 1 = 3marks Answers must correspond)

C. In conjugation
1. The cells of two filaments come to lie side by side and a conjugation tube is formed
between them.
2. The cells in one filament act as the male gamate while the other act as the female gamate
and fuses to form a zygote.
3. The zygote secretes a resistant wall around itself and form a zygospore.
4. After a period of rest and favorable conduction, the outer coats burst and a young filament
grows out. (2mrks)
D. Abdominal Pain / discomfort
Anaemia
Weakness
Indigestion / vomiting (Any 2 × ½ = 1 mrk)
E. (i) Euphotic zone is an area which is directly connected with sunshine. There is enough light
penetration for photosynthesis to take place.
(ii) Disphotic Zone is a region of dim light. Light penetrates the water but the intensity is too low
for photosynthesis.
(iii) Aphotic Zone is the bottom or bed of the seas and oceans there is no light penetration and very
few living organisms are found in this zone. (3marks)
(Total 10 marks)
3. A. Drying, Pasteurization, chemical preservation, fermentation, irradiation, salting, smoking, canning,
refrigeration, freezing
Salting involves coating of the food with table salt.
 Drying: food such as vegetables, maize etc can be preserved by drying under sun.
Smoking: Involves placing the food over naked fore to dry it.
Freezing: Involves keeping food in the refrigerator at low temperature.
(Any 3 × 1 = 3 mrks Note: must be explained)
B. (i) Use of crop Varieties
(ii) Increasing soil fertility by using artificial fertilizers or manure.
(iii) Using appropriate methods of farming
(iv) Selecting and applying correct pesticides
(v) Plants grow faster by vegetative propagation (2mrks)
C. Peristalsis is a series of wave – like muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract.
(1mrk)
D. Earthworm are hermaphrodites, there reproduction is by sexual means. Two worms engaged in
copulation come to lie close together with their ventral surfaces touching. Copulation takes place at night
outside the burrows. The worms lie in such position that the segments 9-15 of one worm are opposite the
clitellum of the other and are held firmly by chaetae during copulation. After copulation, the worm
separate. After few days, eggs are laid and fertilized in a cocoon secreted by the clitellum. Development of
the embryo occurs inside the cocoon. (4marks)
4. A. Vector is an animal which transmits a disease causing organism from the victim of that disease to
another person. ( ½ mark)
B. Viruses, Bacteria, Protozoa, Fungi, Algae
(Any 5 × ½ ) = 2 ½
C. Plant diseases caused by bacteria
Leaf blight of cassava
Black arm
Banana wilt
Tomato rot
Bacterial wilt
Animal diseases
Typhoid
Dysentery
Tetanus
Cholera
Syphilis
(Any 4 each × ½ = 2 marks)
D. Streptococci arranged in the form of chains
Staphylococci they occur in form irregular bunches

Diplococci these occur in pairs (2marks)

E. carrier micro-organism Disease
Anopheles Plasmodium malaria fever
Tse-tse fly trypanosome sleeping sickness
Rat flea rickettsia typhus
Aedes mosquito virus yellow fever
(Any 3 × 1= 3marks Note: Answers must correspond to score)
(total 10 marks)