G4 (4.

3) 2EXP

Edgefield Secondary School Trigonometric Ratios of Acute Angles

Finding Unknown Sides and Unknown
Mathematics Department Angles of Right Angle Triangles

Year 2 EXPRESS Mathematics Notes & Class Practice

Name: _________________________
Janice ( )
14 280
Class: __________ 16July
Date:___________

Chapter 10 (2EXP): Igonometricratios

1. State trigonometric ratios (sine, cosine and tangent) of acute angles.
2. Use trigonometric ratios to calculate unknown sides and angles in right-angled triangles.
3. Apply trigonometric ratios in real-world context.

Labelling the sides of a right-angled triangle Thetaangle

X alpha angles
A
label in this order

hyp Opp Ad
Hypotenuse Opposite Adjacent

θ AB AC CB
C B

Example 1 Hyp Opp

adj
Label the sides of the triangle.

C
1 θ 2
Hyp Hyp
Ad
θ

A Opp B H B
2 triangles that are exactly the same

3 4 α

Hyp
Hyp opp
Hyp
θ
θ
ad Opp

1
Investigation (Trigonometric Ratios) - reference to TB page 60 and 61

Objective:
To make sense of trigonometric ratios by exploring the relationship between 2 sides and an acute
angle of a right-angled triangle.

Instruction:
Go through step 1 to 5 on page 60 and 61 of textbook 2B and answer the questions below.

Question 1:
With angle A fixed at a certain value, what do you call the family of right-angled triangles obtained
as you change the lengths of their sides?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Question 2:
Why do the ratios remain constant?

With angle A and C fixed, the triangles obtained by varying the set of lengths of AB, BC and AC are
____________. Since ratio of corresponding sides of similar triangles are __________, the ratios
obtained are constant.

Introduction to Trigonometry Ratios

Sine (sin)
sin x = SOH
Fg s ab

a Hyp
Cosine (cos) Opp b
Cosine (cos)
cos x = AH x
c
adj
Tangent (tan) How are a, b and c related?
tan x = TOA
ad a't b'sC2

2
G4 (4.3) 2EXP

Example 2
(a) Write down the trigonometric values of both triangles ADE and ABC.
B
5

D
8
5
4
x
A
C E
3 3

Working:
B

x x
E A
C A

(b) Compare the values of sin x, cos x, tan x for both triangles, what can you conclude?

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

3
 8262 102
62 10382
Hyp b110282
Example 3 Q 6
Find
i) sin P̂ ii) cos P̂ iii) tan P̂ Hyp
10cm
iv) sin Q̂ v) cos Q̂ vi) tan Q̂ b

since Hyp cos

t

j
R 8cm P
3 a
8

insince

Example 4
Find the value of the following trigonometric ratios. Give your answers in 3 significant figures.
i ) sin 10° ii ) cos 10° iii ) tan 10°

Sinko 0.1736
20.174

iv ) sin 50° v ) cos 50° vi ) tan 50°

051501 0.6427

0.643g

vii ) sin 80° viii )cos 80° ix ) tan 80°

Tan801 5.6712
5.67

The sine and cosine of an angle can never be more than 1. Why is this so?
What about tangent of an angle?

Homework: think! Mathematics Workbook 2B WS 10A pg 43 Q1 to 4, 8

4
G4 (4.3) 2EXP

1. Solving Unknown Sides of Right Angle Triangles using Trigonometric Ratios

Step 1 : Determine which trigonometric ratio to use based on the information given.
Step 2 : Construct an algebraic equation using that trigonometric ratio.
Step 3 : Solve for unknown length.
Step 4 : Enter the value of the angle in degrees, then compute.

Example 5

23.1m
w
33.1º v Hyp 15º

13.2cm
Opp
Tan150 73.1
Step 1:Label
15
w 23.1Xian
thesidesfirst
Step 2:Select 6.189
thetrigoyouneedtouse f
26.19 135
I
Step 3:SOH

y
65.1º 9.5m
cos45.70 1
cos45.7 z
x
x Yas45.7 Hyp CAH
x
3 us 45.7º

16cm

2 20.5 4 22.6

Homework: think! Mathematics Workbook 2B

WS 10B Pg 45 Q1(odd), 2(odd), 3, 4, 5

5
2. Finding the Value of an Unknown Angle with Trigonometric Ratios using the Calculator.
Step 1 : Check that calculator is in degree mode. “DEG” should appear either on
the top left or top right of the screen.
Step 2 : Enter the inverse trigonometric function that you want by pressing the
or key, then the trigonometric function.
Second shift
function

Step 3 : Next, enter the ratio and compute the answer.

Example 6
Find the value of the angles, give your answer in 1 decimal place.

i ) sin A = 0.23 ii ) cos B = 0.67 iii ) tan C = 4.5

43 COS 0.671 so tan 14.5
IFSin10.231 47.932 77.47
12.297213 q 5 in.si19
4
iv ) sin D  v ) cos E  vi ) tan F 
5 17 3
LD Sin 14g

Is
vii ) 3 sin G = 2 viii )  cos H  2 ix ) 2 tan J = 3 

3sinG 2 CosH E
sing 3 t't
IItani 1
H Cos

G Sin 3 50.459

141.80 ago
Example 7 78.0
Find the angles and sides indicated by the letters in the following.
Give your answers to 3 significant figures (for lengths) and 1 decimal place (for angles).
All workings should be clearly shown.
a) b)
t
P n
16
h 7

µ 5
520
12

sin520 7
n

6
 G4 (4.3) 2EXP

c) d)

hyp
18 15 s
r
p
Opp
u 40°
470
m
12 10
Simms
Sin470 1Simms
10.9703
P1545in470 18
P 10.9703 m sin 10.8703
P 11.0cm m 37.6
Sf Idp

e) f)

p 370
x
670
Opp 400 250
y
m 5

60

Iii
t.ie 8
m Tan250
27.978
m 33.34 P Tan250 60
233.31413s.f

Homework: think! Mathematics Workbook 2B

WS 10C pg 49 Q1, 2(odd), 4, 6, 9

Further Practice: think! Mathematics Workbook 2B

WS10D pg 53 Q3, 5, 6

Tick Checkpoint for Chapter 10

1. State trigonometric ratios (sine, cosine and tangent) of acute angles.
2. Use trigonometric ratios to calculate unknown sides in right-angled triangles.
3. Use trigonometric ratios to calculate unknown angles in right-angled triangles.
4. Apply trigonometric ratios in real-world context.

7
 .
Edgefield Secondary School Trigonometric Ratios of Acute Angles
Mathematics Department Finding Unknown Sides and Unknown
Angles of Right Angle Triangles
Year 2EXP Mathematics

Name: _________________________ ( ) Class: __________ Date:___________

Self-Check: I am able to Teacher’s observation:

 State trigonometric ratios (sine, cosine Demonstrates good mastery of concepts
and tangent) of acute angles My notes to you…
 Use trigonometric ratios to calculate
unknown sides and angles in right-angled
triangles

Question 1
ABC is a triangle in which BAC  90 . D is a point on AC. AB = 12 cm, AD = 5 cm, DC = 11 cm,
BD = 13 cm and BC = 20 cm.
B

Giving each answer as fraction, in its simplest

form, find

(a) sin ADB

12 13 20
(b) cos ACB

alsinLADB YS
b COS LACB
A C
s 5 D 11

Adj [(a)
12 4
, (b) ]
13 5

Question 2
Determine the value of x in each of the following, giving your answers correct to 1 decimal place.

(a) cos 20  x

9 Ks 0520
(b) sin x  0.38 0.939
0.9alldp

blSin 2 0.38
sin 10.38
[x = 0.9, x = 22.3°]
x 22.3 1dp
8
G4 (4.3) 2EXP

Question 3
The diagram below shows two right-angled triangles. AED is a straight line, angle CDE = 75, DE =
4 cm, AE = 10 cm and AB = 13 cm.

C
Using trigonometric ratios, find

(a) the length of BE,

(b) the value of cos EAB, B
(c) the length of BC.

13 cm

A 10 cm S 4 cm D

10
[(a) BE = 8.31 cm, (b) 13 , (c) BC = 6.62 cm]

Question 4
In the diagram, BAC  52 , ABC  ACE  CDE  90 , AC = 3 m, EC = 1.2 m, and BCD is a
straight line.
E D
Find
1.2
(a) the length of AB, C
(b) AEC ,
(c) the length of DE. 3

52°
A B

9
 [(a) AB = 1.85 m, (b) AEC  68.2 , (c) DE  0.946 m ]
Question 5
In the diagram, BCD is a straight line. ABC  90 , AB = 4 m, AC = 5 m and CD = 11 m.
A

Find

(a) the length of BD, 4m

5m
(b) the value of ACB ,
(c) the value of ADC ,
(d) area of ACD .
D 11 m C B

[(a) 14 m, (b) 53.1°, (c) 15.9°, (d) 22 m2]

Question 6
Two planks of 15 m and 10 m long are rested against a vertical wall of 7.5 m. Given that the 15 m
plank makes an angle of 30 with the ground. Calculate

(i) the distance, y, along the

ground from the wall to the base
of the 15 m plank,
(ii) the angle the 10 m plank
makes along the ground, 15
(iii) the distance x m, along 7.5
the ground, between the 2 30° 10
planks. x
y
i Tan300 If it IPP iii F752 6.61
y Yahoo
fit 12.99 6.61
sing 6.38m
3
4 12.99
Q Sin E
4213.0m Q 48.59
248.6
[(i) y = 13.0m, (ii) 48.6o, (iii) 6.38 m]

10