Republic of the Philippines
CAPIZ STATE UNIVERSITY
Fuentes Drive, Roxas City, Capiz, Philippines
Tel. No. (036) 6214-578 fax No. (036) 6214-578
website: www.capsu.edu.ph email address:
[email protected] BOLT
A design presented for the subject
ME 424 (Machine Design II)
Designed by:
BRIAN SHANE U. TEBIA
BSME-4A
ENGR. JAIRUS VINCENT PAUL C. SINSON
Course Facilitator
April, 2024
Accredited: Accrediting Agency of Chartered Colleges and Universities of the Philippines (AACCUP)
Member: Philippine Association of State Universities and Colleges (PASUC)
Agricultural Colleges Association of the Philippines (ACAP)
Republic of the Philippines
CAPIZ STATE UNIVERSITY
Fuentes Drive, Roxas City, Capiz, Philippines
Tel. No. (036) 6214-578 fax No. (036) 6214-578
website: www.capsu.edu.ph email address: [email protected]
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL
April , 2024
Engr. Jairus Vincent Paul C. Sinson, MEng, LPT, MAT, RMP, CPM
Course Facilitator
Capiz State University
College of Engineering, Architecture, and Technology Main Campus, Roxas City
Sir:
In compliance with the requirement of the subject ME-424 Machine Design II, this Design of
Bolt is hereby presented. May this design and its presentation meets the standard of your
approval.
Very respectfully yours,
BRIAN SHANE U. TEBIA
BSME 4A
Accredited: Accrediting Agency of Chartered Colleges and Universities of the Philippines (AACCUP)
Member: Philippine Association of State Universities and Colleges (PASUC)
Agricultural Colleges Association of the Philippines (ACAP)
Republic of the Philippines
CAPIZ STATE UNIVERSITY
Fuentes Drive, Roxas City, Capiz, Philippines
Tel. No. (036) 6214-578 fax No. (036) 6214-578
website: www.capsu.edu.ph email address: [email protected]
APPROVAL SHEET
In partial fulfillment of the requirements of the subject Machine Design II, this Design
of Shaft, submitted by BRIAN SHANE U. TEBIA, BSME 4A, students of this institution are
hereby accepted and approved.
Approved by:
ENGR. JAIRUS VINCENT PAUL C. SINSON, MEng. LPT, MAT, RMP, CPM
Course Facilitator
Date: ___________________
Accredited: Accrediting Agency of Chartered Colleges and Universities of the Philippines (AACCUP)
Member: Philippine Association of State Universities and Colleges (PASUC)
Agricultural Colleges Association of the Philippines (ACAP)
Republic of the Philippines
CAPIZ STATE UNIVERSITY
Fuentes Drive, Roxas City, Capiz, Philippines
Tel. No. (036) 6214-578 fax No. (036) 6214-578
website: www.capsu.edu.ph email address: [email protected]
INTRODUCTION
Bolts and nuts are foundational components in the world of engineering, construction,
and manufacturing. These seemingly simple devices play a crucial role in holding together
structures of all sizes, from towering skyscrapers to intricate machinery. Bolts, typically
cylindrical rods with threaded ends, and nuts, which are internally threaded fasteners, work in
tandem to create strong and reliable connections. The versatility of bolts and nuts allows them to
be utilized across a wide range of industries, from automotive and aerospace to furniture
assembly and household repairs. Understanding the various types, sizes, and applications of bolts
and nuts is essential for ensuring the integrity and safety of any project. In this guide, we will
explore the fundamentals of bolts and nuts, including their design, function, and best practices
for selection and installation.
Accredited: Accrediting Agency of Chartered Colleges and Universities of the Philippines (AACCUP)
Member: Philippine Association of State Universities and Colleges (PASUC)
Agricultural Colleges Association of the Philippines (ACAP)
Republic of the Philippines
CAPIZ STATE UNIVERSITY
Fuentes Drive, Roxas City, Capiz, Philippines
Tel. No. (036) 6214-578 fax No. (036) 6214-578
website: www.capsu.edu.ph email address: [email protected]
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Without the help and encouragement of those who happened to volunteer some of their
time, advice, and expertise, it would not have been possible to meet this need. Their insightful
observations functioned as a compass, offering guidance and definition all along the way to
fulfilling this need. Their dedication to providing advice enhanced the procedure, transforming
obstacles into chances for development and education.
Recognizing the cooperative efforts of peers and colleagues is also important. Their
assistance whether in the form of group brainstorming sessions, helpful criticism, or practical
help was crucial to the project's successful completion. Their commitment created a culture of
cooperation and mutual success in a group setting. In addition, acknowledgement is given to
advisors and mentors whose guidance was crucial in forming the strategy and procedures used to
address this need. Their knowledge, support, and dedication to promoting both individual and
group development have made a lasting impression on the trip.
Finally, appreciation is given to friends and family whose unwavering support and
understanding made it possible to overcome obstacles and pursue this endeavor. Their support
and conviction in the significance of the current task have served as a source of resilience and
drive.
Accredited: Accrediting Agency of Chartered Colleges and Universities of the Philippines (AACCUP)
Member: Philippine Association of State Universities and Colleges (PASUC)
Agricultural Colleges Association of the Philippines (ACAP)
Republic of the Philippines
CAPIZ STATE UNIVERSITY
Fuentes Drive, Roxas City, Capiz, Philippines
Tel. No. (036) 6214-578 fax No. (036) 6214-578
website: www.capsu.edu.ph email address: [email protected]
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Bolt
Page
Letter of Transmittal 2
Approval Sheet 3
Introduction 4
Acknowledgement 5
Statement of the Problem 7
Complete Sketch of Assembly 8
Design Computation 9
Specification of the Design 13
Bibliography 23
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Member: Philippine Association of State Universities and Colleges (PASUC)
Agricultural Colleges Association of the Philippines (ACAP)
Republic of the Philippines
CAPIZ STATE UNIVERSITY
Fuentes Drive, Roxas City, Capiz, Philippines
Tel. No. (036) 6214-578 fax No. (036) 6214-578
website: www.capsu.edu.ph email address: [email protected]
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
1 3
A bolt, 1 in. -7-UNC-2, is subjected to a tensile load of 10,000lb. The head has a thickness of
8 4
in. and the nut a thickness of 1in. If the material is SAE grade 2 (Table 5.2), find the design factor as
based on ultimate stresses (a) of the threaded shank, (b) of the head against being sheared off, and (c) of
the bearing surface under the head. The bolt head is finished. (d) Is there any need to consider the strength
of standard bolt heads in design?
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CAPIZ STATE UNIVERSITY
Fuentes Drive, Roxas City, Capiz, Philippines
Tel. No. (036) 6214-578 fax No. (036) 6214-578
website: www.capsu.edu.ph email address: [email protected]
COMPLETE SKETCH OF THE ASSEMBLY
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Member: Philippine Association of State Universities and Colleges (PASUC)
Agricultural Colleges Association of the Philippines (ACAP)
Republic of the Philippines
CAPIZ STATE UNIVERSITY
Fuentes Drive, Roxas City, Capiz, Philippines
Tel. No. (036) 6214-578 fax No. (036) 6214-578
website: www.capsu.edu.ph email address: [email protected]
DESIGN COMPUTATION
Solution:
1
For SAE grade 2 (Table 5.2), D = 1 in
8
su = 55ksi, sus = 0.75su
Grade Nominal Full Size Yield Tensile Elong, RA, Core, Tempering,
Size, Proofload, Strength, Strength, min, % min, % Hardness, Temperature,
inches psi min, psi min, psi Rockwell min
1 1
thru 1
4
33,000 36,000 60,000 18 35 B7 to N
−1 A
B100
2
1 3 55,000 57,000 74,000 18 35 B80 to
thru
4 4
B100 N
A
2
3
Over
4
33,000 36,000 60,000 18 35 B70 to
thru 1
B100
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Member: Philippine Association of State Universities and Colleges (PASUC)
Agricultural Colleges Association of the Philippines (ACAP)
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CAPIZ STATE UNIVERSITY
Fuentes Drive, Roxas City, Capiz, Philippines
Tel. No. (036) 6214-578 fax No. (036) 6214-578
website: www.capsu.edu.ph email address: [email protected]
−1
2
1
thru 1
4
5 85,000 92,000 120,000 14 35 C25 to
C34
Over 1 800F
1 74,000 81,000 105,000 14 35 C19 to
thru 1-
2
C30
1
thru 1
4
8 120,000 130,000 150,000 12 35 C33 to 800F
−1 C39
2
J429 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Grade 2 requirements for sizes 1/4" thru 3/4" apply only to bolts 6" and shorter, and to studs of all lengths. For bolts
longer than 6", Grade 1 requirements shall apply.
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Member: Philippine Association of State Universities and Colleges (PASUC)
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CAPIZ STATE UNIVERSITY
Fuentes Drive, Roxas City, Capiz, Philippines
Tel. No. (036) 6214-578 fax No. (036) 6214-578
website: www.capsu.edu.ph email address: [email protected]
1
For 1 in. -7-UNC-2 (Table @ 14)
8
As = 0.763 sq. in.
11
A= 1 in.
16
F= 10,000 lb.
a) Solving for normal stress, use:
F
s= ( Faires, DOME, pg. 509)
As
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Tel. No. (036) 6214-578 fax No. (036) 6214-578
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Where:
F = Force
A = Area
10,000 lb .
=
0.763 sq .∈.
= 13,106 psi
b) Solving for uniformly distributed shearing stress, use:
F
ss = ( Faires , DOME , pg .509 )
πDt
where:
F = Force
A = Area
3
t= ∈.
4
10,000lb
ss =
π ¿¿
= 3,773 psi
Solving for number of turns, use:
s us
N=
ss
0.75 ( 55,000 psi )
=
3,773 psi
= 11
c.) Solving for the θ , use :
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Tel. No. (036) 6214-578 fax No. (036) 6214-578
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360°
θ=
12
= 30°
Solving for Area, use:
1 A A
Area = 6(2)( ¿( ¿( tanθ ¿
2 2 2
1 11 2
=6(2)( ¿(1 /2) tan30
2 16
= 2.4661 sq.in.
Solving for bearing stress, use:
F
Sb =
Area− A b
10,000
= π
2.4661− ¿ ¿
4
= 6793 psi
Solving for number of turns in bearing, use:
su
N=
sb
55,000
=
6793
= 8.1
d) No need to consider the strength of standard bolt head in design since its factor of safety is higher than
for the threaded shank.
Accredited: Accrediting Agency of Chartered Colleges and Universities of the Philippines (AACCUP)
Member: Philippine Association of State Universities and Colleges (PASUC)
Agricultural Colleges Association of the Philippines (ACAP)
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CAPIZ STATE UNIVERSITY
Fuentes Drive, Roxas City, Capiz, Philippines
Tel. No. (036) 6214-578 fax No. (036) 6214-578
website: www.capsu.edu.ph email address: [email protected]
CHARACTERISTIC OF MATERIALS
MATERIAL USED FOR BOLT
SAE J429 covers the mechanical and material requirements for inch series fasteners
used in automotive and related industries in sizes to 1-1/2” inclusive.
Below is a basic summary of the most common grades. SAE J429 covers a number of
other grades and grade variations not covered in this summary, including 4, 5.1, 5.2,
8.1, and 8.2.
Nominal Full Size Yield Tensile RA, Core Tempering
Grad Elong,
Size, Proofload, Strength, Strength, min, Hardness, Temperature,
e min, %
inches psi min, psi min, psi % Rockwell min
1/4 thru
1 33,000 36,000 60,000 18 35 B7 to B100 N/A
1-1/2
2 1/4 thru 55,000 57,000 74,000 18 35 B80 to B100 N/A
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CAPIZ STATE UNIVERSITY
Fuentes Drive, Roxas City, Capiz, Philippines
Tel. No. (036) 6214-578 fax No. (036) 6214-578
website: www.capsu.edu.ph email address: [email protected]
Nominal Full Size Yield Tensile RA, Core Tempering
Grad Elong,
Size, Proofload, Strength, Strength, min, Hardness, Temperature,
e min, %
inches psi min, psi min, psi % Rockwell min
3/4
Over 3/4
33,000 36,000 60,000 18 35 B70 to B100
thru 1-1/2
1/4 thru 1 85,000 92,000 120,000 14 35 C25 to C34
5 Over 1 800F
74,000 81,000 105,000 14 35 C19 to C30
thru 1-1/2
1/4 thru
8 120,000 130,000 150,000 12 35 C33 to C39 800F
1-1/2
Grade 2 requirements for sizes 1/4" thru 3/4" apply only to bolts 6" and shorter, and to studs of all lengths.
For bolts longer than 6", Grade 1 requirements shall apply.
J429 Mechanical Properties
J429 Chemical Requirements
Grade Material Carbon, % Phosphorus, % Sulfur, % Grade Marking
1 Low or Medium Carbon Steel 0.55 max 0.030 max 0.050 max None
2 Low or Medium Carbon Steel 0.15 - 0.55 0.030 max 0.050 max None
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Tel. No. (036) 6214-578 fax No. (036) 6214-578
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Grade Material Carbon, % Phosphorus, % Sulfur, % Grade Marking
5 Medium Carbon Steel 0.28 - 0.55 0.030 max 0.050 max
8 Medium Carbon Alloy Steel 0.28 - 0.55 0.030 max 0.050 max
J429 Recommended Hardware
Nuts Washers
J995 N/A
Alternate Grades
For fasteners larger than 1-1/2″ in diameter, the following ASTM grades should be
considered.
SAE J429 Grade ASTM Equivalent
Grade 1 A307 Grades A or B
Grade 2 A307 Grades A or B
Grade 5 A449
Grade 8 A354 Grade BD
REFERENCES
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Member: Philippine Association of State Universities and Colleges (PASUC)
Agricultural Colleges Association of the Philippines (ACAP)
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CAPIZ STATE UNIVERSITY
Fuentes Drive, Roxas City, Capiz, Philippines
Tel. No. (036) 6214-578 fax No. (036) 6214-578
website: www.capsu.edu.ph email address: [email protected]
Bolt, P. (2020, November 17). SAE J429 - Portland Bolt. Portland Bolt.
https://www.portlandbolt.com/technical/specifications/sae-j429/
Bolt, P. (2023, December 15). Crucial Role of Bolts and Nuts in Construction and Manufactur-
ing - Planetbolt Hardware & Industrial Supply. Planetbolt Hardware & Industrial Sup-
ply. https://planetbolt.com/crucial-role-of-bolts-and-nuts-in-construction-and-
manufacturing/
FAIRES, V. M., “Design of Machine Elements” 4 th Ed. New York: The McMillan Company.,
1969.
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Member: Philippine Association of State Universities and Colleges (PASUC)
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