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Exp 3

This document discusses performing image enhancement through spatial filtering in MATLAB. It describes linear and non-linear spatial filters, including averaging, Gaussian, Laplacian, and Sobel filters. It also discusses order statistics filters and provides code to implement various spatial filters and compare their effects on an image.

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Mohammad alhaboob2030
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25 views7 pages

Exp 3

This document discusses performing image enhancement through spatial filtering in MATLAB. It describes linear and non-linear spatial filters, including averaging, Gaussian, Laplacian, and Sobel filters. It also discusses order statistics filters and provides code to implement various spatial filters and compare their effects on an image.

Uploaded by

Mohammad alhaboob2030
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Experiment :3

IMAGE ENHANCEMENT BY SPATIAL FILTERING


AIM:
To perform image enhancement by spatial filtering.
SOFTWARE
MATLAB
THEORY:
In Spatial filtering, the filtering operations are performed directly on the pixels of
an image.
There are two types of spatial filters, linear and non linear filters. The mechanics
of spatial filtering is that it is the process which consists of simply moving the
filter mask from point to point in an image. At each point (x,y) the response of
the filter at that point is calculated using a predefined relationship. For linear
spatial filtering, the response is given by a sum of products of the filter
coefficients and the corresponding image pixels in the area spanned by the filter
mask. Smoothing filters are used for blurring and for noise reduction. The output
of a smoothing linear spatial filter is simply the average of the pixels contained in
the neighbourhood of the filter mask. These filters are called averaging or
lowpass filters.
Order statistics filters are non-linear spatial filters whose response is based on
ordering the pixels contained in the image area encompassed by the filter and
then replacing the value of the center pixel with the value determined by the
ranking result. Median filter replaces the value of a pixel with the median of the
graylevels in the neighbourhood of the pixel.
Program
% Average
i=imread('spine.tif');
imshow(i);
title('original image');
w=fspecial('average',[3 3]);
g=imfilter(i,w,'symmetric');
figure,
imshow(g,[])
title('Average');
%Gaussian
i=imread('spine.tif');
w=fspecial('gaussian',[3 3],0.5);
figure,
g=imfilter(i,w,'symmetric');
imshow(g,[])
title('Gaussian');
% Laplacian
i=imread('spine.tif');
w=fspecial('laplacian', 0.5);
g=imfilter(i,w,'symmetric');
figure,
imshow(g,[])
title('Laplacian');
%Sobel
i=imread('spine.tif');
w=fspecial('sobel');
g=imfilter(i,w,'symmetric');
figure,
imshow(g,[])
title('Sobel');
%Non linear order statistic filter
i=imread('spine.tif');
h=ordfilt2(i,1,ones(3,3));
h1=ordfilt2(i,3*3,ones(3,3));
h2=ordfilt2(i,median(1:3*3),ones(3,3));
subplot(2,2,1)
imshow(i);
title('original image');
subplot(2,2,2)
imshow(h,[]);
title('order statistic filter(1)');
subplot(2,2,3)
imshow(h1,[]);
title('order statistic filter(2)');
subplot(2,2,4)
imshow(h2,[]);
title('order statistic filter(3)');
%Median Filter
i=imread('spine.tif');
m=medfilt2(g,[3 3]);
figure,
imshow(m,[]);
title('Median');

Output

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