ASSIGNMENT FINAL REPORT

Qualification BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing

Unit number and title Unit 45: Internet of Things

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 2.1 Use cases of robot cars

- Personal Transportation: Robot cars can provide independent mobility for those who are unable
to drive due to age, disability, or other factors. This can significantly improve quality of life and
independence for the elderly and disabled.
- Reduced Environmental Impact: Autonomous vehicles, when combined with electric
powertrains, have the potential to significantly reduce fuel consumption and emissions compared
to traditional human-driven vehicles.
- Solutions for restaurants: can bring food to serve customers, carry food, clean glass doors, sweep
floors, mop floors, reduce staff costs for restaurants,...
- Military and Security Applications: Robot cars can be used for military and security purposes,
such as unmanned reconnaissance, patrol, and delivery of supplies in combat or high-risk
environments.
- Industrial solutions: help people classify goods with high efficiency and accuracy, almost absolute
compared to humans, reducing the burden on express delivery companies...

Describe the usage scenarios for the robot car system. The operating modes of the robot car, in each
mode, how the user must operate, and how the system will respond.

Problems with Robot Car Systems:

- Technology limitations: Current autonomous driving technologies are still limited in areas such as
object detection, weather/environmental conditions... Continuous improvement is needed.
- Safety and Liability: Ensuring the safe operation of robot cars and determining liability in the
event of accidents is a major challenge. Thorough testing, certification
- In business classification mode: the vehicle will operate according to a pre-established system,
mainly operated by the operator and supervised by the operator, resulting in high accuracy and
stability, instead of friendly working performance.

Ingredient name Illustrating images Meaning

Pin 18650 3.7V 18650 battery is essentially
1500mAh a Lithium-ion (Li-Ion)
battery, Lithium-ion
batteries can be found in
many different shapes and
sizes, is a breakthrough for
handheld products such as
cameras, cutters,
flashlights, etc., has the
effect of providing power
for the entire system.

2-storey, 4- 4 gear motors, voltage

wheel, supplied to the motor 6-9V

transparent – 4 plastic robot wheels,

mica frame rubber tires

robot car set – 1 set of screws and

brackets to attach the
motor to the chassis

– 1 set of copper posts to

join 2 mica base plates

– 1 box containing 4 AA
1.5V batteries

– Frame size after

assembly: 26 x 17.5 cm

– Wheel diameter: 65mm

Has the effect of supporting

the entire system to move
WIFI Expansion ESP8266 NodeMCU D1
Board ESP8266 Mini is a circuit developed
D1 - Shield based on the Esp8266-12S
Arduin Module, which is a compact
device with integrated Wifi
to easily implement data
collection and device
control applications via
Wifi.

KCD1 6A 250V 2 Has the effect of turning on

Pin Toggle or off the power supply to
Switch - Size the system.
13*14.8*20.8m
m
 L298n driver L298N is a base driver
board module module in DC motor and
L298N stepper vehicle stepper. The
motor smart car module has a base driver IC
robot bread L298 and a 5V voltage
peltier High regulator 78M05. The
Power L298 DC L298N module can control
Motor Driver for up to 4 DC motors or 2 DC
Arduino motors with direction and
speed control.

USB A-Micro USB A-Micro 30CM AC-

Cable, MM30 Cable Used to
Download Code connect, transfer data,
ESP8266, ESP32 Cable to load code for
NodeMCU ESP8266
CH340/CP2102, ESP32

This is the Power supply for ESP8266

power supply NodeMCU D1
for ESP8266 D1
Base for battery Has the effect of linking
used to supply batteries together into a
battery for the block, boosting the Alpha
entire system to supply the entire system.

Data moves between blocks according to level 4 standards:

- System domain and project level

- Domain: Robot vehicle system
 Project level: The implementation of Level 4 robot project aims to improve resource management
efficiency, optimize space utilization and improve the quality of life for residents through
advanced technology solutions.

2.3. Electronic circuit controlling the device

 Explain how the diagram works

- The main power is provided by two batteries.
- The H-Bridge circuit (L298N) is used to control the rotation direction of the DC motor (M3)
by receiving the connection signal, that is, the IN1, IN2, IN3 IN4 pins, to the pins of this
circuit.
 - The control circuit (Arduino) is connected to the H-Bridge to provide control signals, which
can be based on the signal input from the user or other sensors, to transmit signals to
(L298N) through pins D11, D12, D13, D14 and receive the load current - through the GND
pin from the battery wire carrying the load -.
- The green and yellow wires indicate the control signals between the components.

2.4. Algorithm flowchart

- algorithm flowchart

- Flowchart explanation:
o First, the program defines the necessary constants and variables.
o Next, the program establishes the WiFi and Blynk connections.
 o Then, the program starts the loop() loop, in which it continuously checks the values
received from the Virtual Pins.
o Based on the received values, the program will enable/disable the corresponding pins to
control the device:
 If the pre value is 1, enable pins D11, D13, D14.
 If the back value is 1, enable pins D11, D13, D14, D12.
 If the pre value is 1, enable pins D11, D12.
 If the left value is 1, enable pins D11, D13.
 If the capacitance value is 1, disable all pins.
o Finally, the program runs the Blynk.run() function to maintain the connection and handle
requests from Blynk.

2.5. Control program

 the meaning of those codes
- Define Blynk information:
o BLYNK_TEMPLATE_ID, BLYNK_TEMPLATE_NAME, These constants are used to connect the
device to your Blynk account.
o BLYNK_PRINT: Used to print out debug information.
- Declare variables:
o ssid and pass: Information about the WiFi network the device will connect to.
o tien, lui, phai, trai, dung: Variables that store the state of the control functions.
- Functions BLYNK_WRITE(V0), BLYNK_WRITE(V1), BLYNK_WRITE(V2), BLYNK_WRITE(V3),
BLYNK_WRITE(V4):
o These functions are called when a new value is sent from the Blynk application to the
corresponding Virtual Pins (V0, V1, V2, V3, V4).
o The received values are saved in the corresponding variables tien, lui, phai, trai, dung.
- Setup() function:
 o Initialize Serial for debugging.
o Configure the digital pins (D11, D12, D13, D14) as outputs.
o Connect the device to WiFi and Blynk server.
- Loop() function:
Check the values of the variables tien, lui, phai, trai, dung.
o Corresponding to each state, the device will turn on/off the digital pins to control
operations such as forward, backward, turn right, turn left, stop.
o Call Blynk.run() to maintain the connection with Blynk.

This code will control the operations of a device (possibly a car) through commands sent from the Blynk
application on a smartphone.

Chapter 3: Evaluation

3.1. Actual product

- Product images
Tên ảnh control software
Tên ảnh: robot
3.2. Advantages and disadvantages of the system

Advantages Disadvantages

- Automated infrastructure maintenance - technological limitations

and inspection:  Robotic platforms, especially
 Robotic platforms and drones mobile platforms, have limited
could be used to inspect and power and battery life, which can
maintain critical infrastructure like limit their range and duration of
water pipes, electrical lines, and operation.
underground sewers.  While robotic sensors have
 These systems could access hard- improved significantly, they can
to-reach areas and work in still struggle in complex
hazardous environments, reducing environments, with poor visibility
the need for human personnel. or rapidly changing conditions.
 Automated monitoring and  Sensor accuracy, resolution and
predictive maintenance capabilities reliability can be affected by
could help identify issues early and factors such as weather, lighting
enable efficient, targeted repairs. and physical obstructions.
- Autonomous geological exploration:  Robot operators and handlers may
 Robotic vehicles and unmanned lack the fine motor skills and
aerial systems could be deployed dexterity required for complex
to explore dangerous or tasks, such as repairing delicate
inaccessible geological sites, such systems or handling fragile objects.
as rugged terrain, active volcanoes,  Developing versatile, multi-
or unstable underground areas. purpose actuators is an ongoing
 These robotic explorers could area of research.
gather data, map the environment,
 and identify potential hazards - Web and Application Security:
without putting human lives at risk.  Web systems and robot control
- Reconnaissance and surveillance support: applications need to be designed
 Robotic systems, including ground- with strong security measures to
based platforms and aerial drones, prevent attacks and unauthorized
could be used as effective access.
reconnaissance tools in special - Command Transmission Delay:
operations or other sensitive  The delay in transmitting command
situations. transmissions from the control
 These systems could gather system to the robot can
intelligence, monitor activities, and significantly affect the robot's
provide situational awareness responsiveness and performance.
without the need for extensive - Stair Climbing Limitations
human personnel on-site.  Moving up and down stairs can be
- search and rescue a challenging task for many robot
 Search and rescue robots can platforms, especially wheeled
access areas that are too robots.
dangerous or unstable for rescuers,  Factors such as step height, robot
such as collapsed buildings, ground clearance, stability, and
flooded areas, or areas with toxic balance play a major role in stair
gases. climbing ability.
 These robots can move through - Limit driving in mud, slippery tire
rubble, survey the environment, characteristics
and locate trapped or hard-to-  Soft, uneven and slippery terrain
reach victims. such as mud can significantly affect
 Robotic platforms, especially the traction and mobility of
drones, can cover a much larger wheeled robots.
search area than manual ground
 searches.
 Search and rescue robots can
operate continuously without the
need for breaks or shifts from
human crews.

3.3. Product development plan

- Plan for iterations:

 Version 1.0: Vehicle control function.
 Version 2.0: Add physical switch to activate power when not in use.
 Version 3.0: Optimized user interface and improved security.
- Test and collect feedback after each version:
 Test Version 1.0: Test vehicle control function, operation.
 Collect feedback: Survey users about satisfaction with the control function.
 Test Version 2.0: Check if the rule activates the set.
 Collect feedback: Respond to users about the usefulness of the camera function.
- Analyze feedback and identify improvement processes:
 Version 1.0 feedback: Users feedback that the interface control is difficult to use.
• Improvement: Redesign the control interface to be more user-friendly.
 Version 2.0 Feedback:
• Users responded that it was inconvenient to have no rule that every time a song is
used, the user has to open the trash.
 Improvement:
• Improve to make it more beneficial.
- Make improvements and develop new versions:
 Version 2.0:
• Add forward, backward, left, right, and right functions.
 Version 3.0:
• Optimized user interface and improved security.
- Repeat the process:
 Continue to repeat the testing process, collect feedback, and improve until the application
achieves the desired performance and functionality.
- By making many iterations and improvements based on user feedback and testing, you will create
a high-quality IoT application that meets the needs of users.