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Exam 3 - MATH 260 - Calculus I

Spring 2024

This is a take-home exam. However, that does not mean that anything goes. All items from the
exam restrictions agreement apply to this exam.
• Return your completed exam in pdf form before 12 noon on Thursday April 11.
• Any exam received late will have its score reduced by 1 point for every 15 minutes (or
portion of a 15-minute interval) beyond the scheduled deadline.

On each problem, show all of your work. When appropriate, include units with your answers.
Simplify your answers.

1. (5 points) Find the interval(s) on which f (x) = x 3 − 15x + 40 is increasing and the
interval(s) on which it is decreasing. Justify your answers using the rst derivative of f.

2. (5 points) Find the interval(s) on which g(x) = x 3 − 30x 2 − 9x + 5 is concave up

and interval(s) on which it is concave down. Justify your answers using the second
derivative of g.
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 MATH 260 - Exam 3 - Page 2

3. (5 points) Let f (x) = x 3 − 12x 2 + 30 on the closed interval [-10,10]. Locate any
critical points for f within the given interval.

4. (5 points) Find the absolute maximum and minimum values of

f (x) = x 3 − 12x 2 + 30 in the interval [-10,10]. Locate where each of these extreme
values occur in the given interval.

4x
5. (5 points) Locate the critical points for f (x) = . Then use the First Derivative
x2 + 4
Test to determine whether they correspond to local maxima or local minima.
 MATH 260 - Exam 3 - Page 3

6. (5 points) Locate the critical points for f (x) = x 5 + 40x 4. Use the Second Derivative
Test for each critical point. What information does this test give you about those points?

7. (5 points) Does f (x) = 12x 5 − x 4 have any in ection points? If so, identify them.

8. (5 points) Consider the function f (x) = x + 1.

At what point(s) in the interval [8,15] is the instantaneous rate of change equal to the
average rate of change, as guaranteed by the Mean Value Theorem?
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 MATH 260 - Exam 3 - Page 4

9. (5 points) Draw an example of a function that is both increasing and concave up

through the entire interval 0 < x < 10.

10. (5 points) Explain why f (x) = (x + 2)1/3 does not satisfy the conditions of the Mean
Value Theorem on the interval [-3,3]. Be speci c.

11. (5 points) A company is constructing an open-top, square-based, rectangular metal

tank that will have a volume of 80 cubic feet. What dimensions yield the minimum
surface area? Round to the nearest tenth, if necessary. Note: If the base is x feet by x
feet and the height is y feet, the volume is x 2 y and the surface area is x 2 + 4x y.
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 MATH 260 - Exam 3 - Page 5

12. (5 points) A rectangular sheet of paper of perimeter 80 cm and dimensions x cm by

y cm is to be rolled into a cylinder as shown in the gure below. What values of x and y
give the largest volume? The volume of a cylinder is given by πr 2 h where r is the
radius and h is the height. The circumference of a circle of radius r is 2πr.

13. (5 points) Find the linear approximation L(x) to f (x) = x at a = 81. What does
L(x) give as the approximate value of 82 ? Do not round; give your answer as a
fraction.
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 MATH 260 - Exam 3 - Page 6

14. (5 points) Use L’Hôpital’s Rule to evaluate the following limit.

2t 3 + 6t − 8
lim 3
t→1 8t − 3t − 5

15. (5 points) Use L’Hôpital’s Rule to evaluate the following limit.

5x − 3 sin x
lim
x→0 7x

16. (5 points) Use L’Hôpital’s Rule to evaluate the following limit.

4 cos x − 4
lim
x→0 7x 2
 MATH 260 - Exam 3 - Page 7

17. (5 points) Find all the antiderivatives of h(x) = 7x 5 − 6x 2.

1
∫( ) dt.
18. (5 points) Determine the inde nite integral t+
t4

∫
19. (5 points) Determine 3 sec θ tan θ dθ.
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 MATH 260 - Exam 3 - Page 8

20. (5 points) Find H(x) such that H′(x) = 2x − 7 sin x, with H(0) = 6.

 Limits Derivative Rules Continued
Chapter 4 𝑑 𝑑𝑢
sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 − 1 (cot 𝑢) = − csc2 𝑢 ∙
Power Reducing Formulas lim = 1 lim =0 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑥→0 𝑥 𝑥→0 𝑥
1 + cos 2𝑥 𝑑 𝑑𝑢
cos 2 𝑥 = Derivative Rules (sec 𝑢) = sec 𝑢 tan 𝑢 ∙
2 𝑑 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1 − cos 2𝑥 (𝑓(𝑥)𝑔(𝑥)) = 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)𝑔(𝑥) + 𝑓(𝑥)𝑔′ (𝑥)
sin2 𝑥 = 𝑑𝑥 𝑑 𝑑𝑢
2 (csc 𝑢) = − csc 𝑢 cot 𝑢 ∙
𝑑 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)𝑔(𝑥) − 𝑓(𝑥)𝑔′ (𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Pythagorean Identities ( )= Integration Rules
2
𝑑𝑥 𝑔(𝑥) (𝑔(𝑥))
sin2 𝑥 + cos 2 𝑥 = 1 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 + 𝐶
1 + tan2 𝑥 = sec2 𝑥 𝑑 𝑑𝑢 𝑥 𝑛+1
[𝑓(𝑢)] = 𝑓 ′ (𝑢) ∫ 𝑥 𝑛 𝑑𝑥 = + 𝐶 𝑛 ≠ −1
1 + cot2 𝑥 = csc2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑛+1
1
Reciprocal Identities 𝑑 𝑛 𝑑𝑢 ∫ cos 𝑎𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = sin 𝑎𝑥 + 𝐶
(𝑢 ) = 𝑛 𝑢 𝑛−1 ∙ 𝑎
1 1 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 1
csc 𝑥 = sec 𝑥 = ∫ sin 𝑎𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − cos 𝑎𝑥 + 𝐶
sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 𝑑 1 𝑑𝑢 𝑎
1 (√𝑢) = ∙
𝑑𝑥 2√𝑢 𝑑𝑥 1
cot 𝑥 = ∫ sec2 𝑎𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = tan 𝑎𝑥 + 𝐶
tan 𝑥 𝑎
𝑑 𝑑𝑢
Double Angle Formulas (sin 𝑢) = cos 𝑢 ∙ 1
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ∫ csc2 𝑎𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − cot 𝑎𝑥 + 𝐶
sin(2𝑥) = 2 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 𝑎
𝑑 𝑑𝑢 1
cos(2𝑥) = 2 cos 2 𝑥 − 1 (cos 𝑢) = − sin 𝑢 ∙ ∫ sec 𝑎𝑥 tan 𝑎𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = sec 𝑎𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑎
cos(2𝑥) = cos 2 𝑥 − sin2 𝑥
𝑑 𝑑𝑢 1
cos(2𝑥) = 1 − 2 sin2 𝑥 (tan 𝑢) = sec2 𝑢 ∙ ∫ csc 𝑎𝑥 cot 𝑎𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − csc 𝑎𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑎

Suppose 𝑐 is an interior point on the domain of 𝑐. We call 𝑐 a critical point if 𝑓 ′ (𝑐) = 0 or 𝑓 ′ (𝑐) does not exist.
Extreme Value Theorem: If a function is continuous on a closed interval, then it has an absolute maximum and an
absolute minimum on the closed interval.
Procedure to find the absolute max/min of a continuous function on a closed interval.
1. Locate critical points.
2. Evaluate the function at critical points.
3. Evaluate the function at the end points.
4. Choose the largest and smallest values of the function
Procedure for determining when a function is increasing and decreasing:
1. Find domain and critical points.
2. Use domain & critical points to create subintervals.
3. On each subinterval use a test point to determine the sign of 𝑓 ′ . If 𝑓 ′ > 0 for the test point then the function
is increasing. If 𝑓 ′ < 0 for the test point, the function is decreasing.
First Derivative Test: Suppose 𝑓 is continuous on 𝐼 that contains a critical point 𝑐. If 𝑓 ′ changes from positive to
negative at 𝑐 then there is a local maximum at 𝑐. If 𝑓 ′ changes from negative to positive at 𝑐 then there is a local
minimum at 𝑐. If 𝑓 does not change sign at 𝑐 there there is no local extreme value at 𝑐.
Concavity and Inflection Points: Suppose 𝑓′′ exists on an open interval 𝐼. If 𝑓 ′′ < 0 on the interval, then 𝑓 is concave
down on that interval. If 𝑓 ′′ > 0 on the interval, then 𝑓 is concave up on that interval. If 𝑥 is a point where 𝑓 ′′ (𝑥) = 0
and 𝑓 ′′ changes sign, then 𝑥 is an inflection point.
To Determine Concavity and Inflection Points
1. Find where 𝑓′′(𝑥) = 0
2. Use domain and 𝑓′′(𝑥) = 0 to find subintervals.
3. On each subinterval use a test point to determine the sign of 𝑓 ′′ . If 𝑓 ′′ < 0 for the test point, then 𝑓 is
concave down on that interval. If 𝑓 ′′ > 0 for the test point, then 𝑓 is concave up on that interval.
4. Look for changes in concavity. If 𝑓 ′′ (𝑥) = 0 and 𝑓 ′′ changes sign at 𝑥, then 𝑥 is an inflection point.
Second Derivative Test for finding local extreme values:
Suppose 𝑓 ′′ is continuous on 𝐼 containing 𝑐 such that 𝑓 ′ (𝑐) = 0 . If 𝑓 ′′ (𝑐) < 0 then 𝑐 is a local maximum. If 𝑓 ′′ (𝑐) >
0 then 𝑐 is a local minimum. If 𝑓 ′′ (𝑐) = 0 then the test is inconclusive.
Procedure for solving an optimization problem:
1. Organize the information, identify variables, draw picture.
2. Identify the objective function to be optimized. Write it in terms of the variables of the problem.
3. Identify constraints and write them in terms of the variables of the objective function.
4. Use constraint to express objective function in terms of a single variable.
5. Find the interval of interest for the variable.
6. Use methods of calculus to find absolute maxima or minima.
Using linear approximation to approximate 𝑓(𝑥) near 𝑥 = 𝑎 : 𝑓(𝑥) ≈ 𝐿(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑎) + 𝑓 ′ (𝑎)(𝑥 − 𝑎)
Using differentials to approximate actual change: ∆𝑦 ≈ 𝑓 ′ (𝑎)(∆𝑥)
Differential of 𝑦 is 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)𝑑𝑥
Rolle’s Theorem: Let 𝑓(𝑥) be continuous on [𝑎, 𝑏], and differentiable on (𝑎, 𝑏) with 𝑓(𝑎) = 𝑓(𝑏). Then there is at
least one point 𝑐 in (𝑎, 𝑏) such that 𝑓 ′ (𝑐) = 0.
Mean Value Theorem: Let 𝑓(𝑥) be continuous on [𝑎, 𝑏], and differentiable on (𝑎, 𝑏). Then there is at least one point
𝑓(𝑏)−𝑓(𝑎)
𝑐 in (𝑎, 𝑏) such that 𝑓 ′ (𝑐) = .
𝑏−𝑎
L’Hopital’s Rule: Suppose that 𝑓 and 𝑔 are differentiable on 𝐼, with 𝑔 ′ (𝑥) ≠ 0 on 𝐼 when 𝑥 ≠ 𝑎.
1. ( 0/0): If lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 0 and lim 𝑔(𝑥) = 0 then
𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎
𝑓(𝑥) 𝑓′(𝑥)
lim = lim
𝑥→𝑎 𝑔(𝑥) 𝑥→𝑎 𝑔′(𝑥)
2. (∞/∞): If lim 𝑓(𝑥) = ±∞ and lim 𝑔(𝑥) = ±∞ then
𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎
𝑓(𝑥) 𝑓′(𝑥)
lim = lim
𝑥→𝑎 𝑔(𝑥) 𝑥→𝑎 𝑔′(𝑥)
provided the limit on the right exists or is ±∞. Rule also applies if 𝑥 → 𝑎 is replaces by 𝑥 → 𝑎− , 𝑥 → 𝑎+ , or 𝑥 → ±∞
A function 𝐹 is an antiderivative of 𝑓 on 𝐼 provided 𝐹 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) for all 𝑥 in 𝐼.
Let function 𝐹 be an antiderivative of 𝑓. Then all the antiderivatives of 𝑓 have the form 𝐹 + 𝐶, where 𝐶 is an arbitrary
constant.
Given 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) and 𝑓(0) = 𝑥0 you can find 𝑓(𝑥) by doing the following:
Find ∫ 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 remembering to add +𝐶. Then solve for 𝐶 using 𝑓(0) = 𝑥0

∫ 𝑐𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑐 ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 ∫(𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥))𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑔(𝑥)𝑑𝑥

Area circle : 𝐴 = 𝑉 = 𝜋 𝑟 2
4
Volume of Sphere: 𝑉 = 𝜋 𝑟 3
3
Surface are of Sphere: 𝑆 = 4𝜋 𝑟 2
1
Volume of Cone: 𝑉 = 𝜋 𝑟 2 ℎ
3
Volume of Cylinder: 𝑉 = 𝜋 𝑟 2 ℎ
Percent Error
|𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑥 − 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑐𝑡 |
100 ∙
|𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑐𝑡 |