THE INPUT
HYPOTHESIS
Group 4
INPUT HYPOTHESIS
➡️ this hypothesis is krashen's explaination of
how second language acquisition takes place .
➡️ The input hypothesis is only concerned with
'acquisition' not learning .
➡️ Krashen's states that in order to cause second
language acquisition to occur, it is necessary for
learners to understand input language
(comprehensible input )which contains linguistic
items that are slightly beyond the learners
present linguistic competence.
"i+1" means the language that
learners are exposed The input neither
The concept to should be just far enough
too difficult nor
of "i +1" beyond their current competenc
that they can understand most of too easy to
principle it but still be challenged to make
progress.
understand
⤴️
⤴️
Concept of "i+ 1"principle
Comprehensible input is fomulize by krashen as :
The next stage in the
learners language
"i +1"
development along the
natural order.
1 2
The hypothesis claims
that we move from i to Learners current
level Gab between the
i+ 1 by understanding current level
of a second
input that contains i +1 language and the next stage
EXAMPLES OF INPUT
HYPOTHESIS
01 03
Silent period is a varying period
Listening to the target of time during which a new
language (radio, tv, natives language learners are often very
, teacher , and etc... helps quiet , speaking little as they
learner acquires language focus on understanding the new
if it is comprehensible. language around the learners.
02 In, input hypothesis children go through a silent
period before they begin to speak the language .
When children are first exposed to a second
language , frequently they focus on listening and
comprehension .
Implicationof th Input Hypothesis for
Teaching English a Second Language
➡️The hypothesis highlights the importance upof using the target
language in the classroom
➡️input hypothesis helps to guide the teachers in teaching
English as second language
➡️ By providing as much comprehensible input as possible ,
especially in situations when learners are not are not exposed to the
teaching and learning outside of the classroom , the teacher is able to
create a more effective opportunity for language acquisition.
Modification of Teacher Speech
➡️ modify their language to meet the need
of classroom teaching
➡️ appropriate speech rate
➡️Use simple vocabulary and less
complex syntactic structure
➡️Using more frequent and concrete vocabulary and
grammatically well-formed sentence.
Establishment of the Student
Centered Teaching Method
Arouse students creativities and make them
take part in class activities
Students have more chanced to gain enough more
comprehensible input to enhance their ability of applying English
Provides more opportunities on speaking and writing exercises
to student
Guide and stimulates students enthusiasm
to improve their interest , make them study actively and take learning
IMPROVEMENT OF TEACHING
MATERIALS
➡️ comprehensibility of the teaching materials
➡️Significance of the teaching materials
➡️Arrangement of the teaching materials
➡️ continuity of the teaching materials
Conclusion
This hypothesis suggests that language
acquisition occurs when learners
receive messages that they can
understand ,
a concept also known as
comprehensible input
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