The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

th
BS 6 Semester Course Content
BS Botany ........................................................................................................................
Plant Ecology-I ..........................................................................................................................
Genetics ....................................................................................................................................
Plant Bio-Chemistry-I.................................................................................................................
Plant Physiology –I ....................................................................................................................
Introduction of Food Microbiology ..............................................................................................
Research Methodology ..............................................................................................................
BS Chemistry ...................................................................................................................
Analytical Chemistry (Separation Techniques)...........................................................................
Inorganic Chemistry...................................................................................................................
Organic Chemistry (Introduction to Synthetic Methods) .............................................................
Physical Chemistry (Electrochemistry & Photochemistry) ..........................................................
BS Commerce ..................................................................................................................
Logic and Critical Thinking .........................................................................................................
Principles of Auditing .................................................................................................................
Human Resource Management .................................................................................................
Managerial Accounting ..............................................................................................................
Entrepreneurship & SME’s Management ...................................................................................
Corporate Law and Secretarial Practices ...................................................................................
BS Computer Science .....................................................................................................
Artificial Intelligence ...................................................................................................................
Compiler Construction ...............................................................................................................
Data Science .............................................................................................................................
Web Systems Technologies ......................................................................................................
Design & Analysis of Algorithms ................................................................................................
E-commerce/Game Programming/Data Communication ...........................................................
BS Economics .................................................................................................................
Basic Econometrics ...................................................................................................................
Monetary Theory & Policy ..........................................................................................................
Development Economics and Planning .....................................................................................

Macroeconomic Theory II ..........................................................................................................

1
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Microeconomic Theory II ...........................................................................................................
International Trade Theory ........................................................................................................
BS Education ...................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
BS English .......................................................................................................................
Modern Poetry ...........................................................................................................................
Modern Drama ..........................................................................................................................
Modern Novel ............................................................................................................................
Grammar & Syntax ....................................................................................................................
Discourse Studies......................................................................................................................
Creative Non-fiction ...................................................................................................................
BS Geography .................................................................................................................
Foundation-IX (Quantitative Geography) ...................................................................................
Major-III (Research Methods) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Major-IV (Economic Geography ................................................................................................
Major-V (Settlement Geography ...............................................................................................
Major-VI (Oceanography ..........................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................

Information Technology .................................................................................................

Cloud Computing .......................................................................................................................
Human Computing Interaction ...................................................................................................
Data Base Administration and Management .............................................................................
E-Commerce .............................................................................................................................
Cyber Security ...........................................................................................................................
Professional Ethics ....................................................................................................................
BS Islamic Studies ..........................................................................................................
Ulum al-hadith ...........................................................................................................................
Textual Study of Muslim Family Laws (M-3) ...............................................................................

2
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Textual Study of Al-Qur’an-Majeed –II (M2) ...............................................................................
The Ethics of Disagreement in Islam (M-6) ................................................................................

Comparative Study of World Religions (M-7) .............................................................................

Textual Study of al Fiqh al Akbar (M-14) ....................................................................................
BS Mathematics...............................................................................................................
Complex Analysis ......................................................................................................................
Advanced Real Analysis ............................................................................................................
Classical Mechanics ..................................................................................................................
Algebraic Number Theory ..........................................................................................................
Partial Differential Equations......................................................................................................
Linear Algebra ...........................................................................................................................
BS Physical Education ...................................................................................................
Research Methodology in Physical Education ...........................................................................
Test, Measurement & Evaluation in Physical Education & Sports ..............................................
Sports Sociology .......................................................................................................................
Sports-Mechanics (Foundation-5) ..............................................................................................
Games Practical (Table Tennis).................................................................................................
Netball for Girls/Swimming for Boys (Practical) ..........................................................................
BS Physics .......................................................................................................................
Mathematical Methods-II ...........................................................................................................
Thermal & Statistical Physics .....................................................................................................
Computational Physics ..............................................................................................................
Physics Lab-VI...........................................................................................................................
Electronics-II..............................................................................................................................
Fundamentals of Mechanics ......................................................................................................
BS Political Science ........................................................................................................
Dynamics of Politics in Pakistan ................................................................................................
Muslim Political Philosophy........................................................................................................
Developmental Politics ..............................................................................................................
Western Political Philosophy......................................................................................................
Research Methodology ..............................................................................................................
BS Psychology ................................................................................................................
Counseling & Educational Psychology .......................................................................................

3
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Health Psychology .....................................................................................................................

Forensic Psychology .................................................................................................................

Environmental Psychology ........................................................................................................
Organizational & Consumer Psychology....................................................................................
BS Statistics ....................................................................................................................
Probability and Probability Distributions-II ..................................................................................
Sampling Techniques-II .............................................................................................................
Econometrics.............................................................................................................................
Designs and Analysis of Experiments-II .....................................................................................
Population Studies.....................................................................................................................
BS Urdu ............................................................................................................................
‫دجدیاردوزغل‬
‫اترخیادباردو‬
‫ااسبیلاردو‬
‫اردوانول‬
‫اردواحصتفوراسلئورجادئ‬
‫اغبلاکوصخیصاطمہعل‬
‫اہبولوپرںیماردوادبیکرواتی‬
BS Zoology.....................................................................................................
Genetics ........................................................................................................................
Biochemistry –II .............................................................................................................
Animal Ecology ..............................................................................................................
Introduction to Entomology ............................................................................................
Research Methodology ..................................................................................................
Arachnology ...................................................................................................................

4
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
BS Botany
Plant Ecology-I
Introduction: history and recent developments in ecology. Soil: Nature and
properties of soil (Physical and Chemical). Water as an environmental factor, Role
of water in the growth, adaptation and distribution of plants.Water and stomatal
regulation, Transpiration.Water in the soil-plant- atmosphere continuum.The ionic
environment and plant ionic relations.Nutrient cycling.Physiology and ecology of N,
S, P and K nutrition. Heavy metals (brief description). Salt and drought stress and
osmoregulation.Soil erosion. Light and temperature: Nature of light, Factors
affecting the variation in light and temperature. Responses of plants to light and
temperature, Adaptation to temperature extremes. Carbon dioxide: Stomatal
responses, water loss and CO2-assimilation rates of plants in contrasting
environments. Ecophysiological effects of changing atmospheric CO2
concentration.Functional significance of different pathways of CO2 fixation.Oxygen
deficiency: Energy metabolism of plants under oxygen deficiency, Morpho-
anatomical changes during oxygen deficiency, Post-anoxic stress. Wind as an
ecological factor. Fire as an ecological factor.

Practical:
Determination of physico-chemical properties of soil and water.Effect of light,
temperature, moisture, salinity and soil type on germination and growth of plants.

Recommended Books:
1. Schwarz, A. Jax, J. 2011. Ecology Revisited: Reflecting on Concepts,
Advacing Science. Springer.
2. Barbara, D. B., Stephen, D. M., Clarence, J. S. 2010. Invasive Plant
Ecology in Natural Agricultural Systems 2nd Edition. CAB Publisher.
3. Tansley, A.G. 2010. An Introduction to Plant Ecology: Discovery Publishing
House.

5
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

Genetics
Introduction to genetics, History, multiple alleles, lethal alleles, genetics of
blood group, variations on dominance, penetrance and expressivity. Interaction
of genes, chromosomal changes (euploidy, aneuploidy, structural changes).
Gene mutation: somatic versus germinal mutation, mutation types, the
occurrence of mutation. Mutagens in the genetic disorders (genetic diseases and
disorders), Molecular genetics: analysis and techniques of molecular genetics,
genetic basis of cancer. The nature of gene: how genes work, gene-protein
relationship, gene fine structure, mutational sites, complementation. Linkage-I:
Linkage of genes on the X chromosome (sex linked inheritance and sex-
determination). Linkage II: Test cross inheritance, single, double and three point
test crosses linkage maps, interference and accurate. Analysis of single
meioses, mitotic segregation and recombination. Gene frequencies.
Practical:
1. Numerical problems
a) Arrangement of genetic material:
i. Gene mapping in diploid
ii. Recombination in Fungi.
b) Population Genetics:
i. Gene frequencies and equilibrium.
ii. Changes in gene frequencies.
2. Drosophila
i. Culture technique
ii. Plant chromosomes.
3. Fungal genetics.
i. Sacchromyces culture techniques and study.

Recommended Books:
1. Edward, S. T., Connor, M. Smith, M. F. 2011. Essential Medical
Genetics. Cambridge University Press.
2. Hemming, D. 2011. Plant Sciences Reviews 2010. Wageningen
Academic Publisher.
3. Suzanne, B. C., Judith E. A. 2010. Management of Genetic
Syndromes. Kluwer Academic, New York.

6
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Plant Bio-Chemistry-I
Carbohydrates: Occurrence and classification. A general account of ribose
deoxyribose, xylulose, xylose. A general account of D-glucose, D-galactose, D-
mannose, cellobiose, sucrose, maltose, trehalose, pentosans, fructosans. A
general account of starch, cellulose, hemicellulose, amino sugars. A general
account of derived acids and alcohols, glycosides, mucilages, pectins and lignins.
Lipids: Occurrence, classification, Structure and chemical properties of fatty
acids, triglycerides, phospholipids. Structure and chemical properties of
glycolipids, sulpholipids, waxes and sterols. Proteins: Amino acids and their
structure Classification of protein, Electro chemical properties and reactions of
amino acids. Primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure of proteins,
protein targeting, Protein folding and unfolding. Transport, storage, regulatory
and receptor proteins, Protein purification, Protein sequencing, Biological role.
Nucleic Acids: General introduction. Purine and pyrimidine bases, nucleosides,
nucleotides. Structure and properties of DNA and RNA. Types and functions of
RNA. Chemical synthesis of oligonucleotides and DNA sequencing, DNA
restriction enzymes, Properties of DNA polymerase I, II and III.
Enzymes: Nature and functions, I.U.E classification with examples of typical
groups. Isozymes, ribozymes, abzymes. Enzyme specificity. Nature of active site
and mode of action, Allosteric. Enzyme and feedback mechanism.
Practical:
Solutions, acids and bases. Electrolytes, non-electrolytes, buffers, pH.
Chemical bonds. To determine the Rf value of monosaccharides on a paper
Chromatogram. To estimate the amount of reducing and non-reducing sugars in
plant material titrimetrically/spectrophotometrically. To determine the
saponification number of fats. To extract and estimate oil from plant material
using soxhlet apparatus. Analysis of various lipids by TLC methods. To estimate
soluble proteins by Biuret or Lowry or Dye-binding method. To estimate the
amount of total Nitrogen in plant material by Kjeldahl's method. To determine the
Rf value of amino acids on a paper chromatogram. Extraction of Nucleic acids
from plant material and their estimation by UV absorption or colour reactions. To
estimate the catalytic property of enzyme catalase or peroxidase extracted from a
plant source. To determine the PKa and isoelectric point of an amino acid.
Recommended Books:
1. Gleason, F. C. R. 2011. Plant Biochemistry. Jones & Bartlett Learning.
LLC.
2. Gleason, R., Chollet, R. 2011. Plant Biochemistry. Jones & Bartlett
Learning. LLC.
3. Water, H., Piechulla, H. B. F. 2010, Plant Biochemistry, 4th Edition.
Academic Press.
4. Mitchell, F. 2010. Essential Biochemistry for Medicine. Wiley-Blackwell.

7
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

Plant Physiology –I
Photosynthesis: History of photosynthesis, Nature and units of Light,
Determination of oxygenic and an oxygenic photosynthesis. Ultrastructure of
thylakoid vesicle. Various pigments and photosynthetic activity, Ultrastructure
and composition of photosynthesis – I and II. Absorption and action spectra of
different pigments. Mechanism of photosynthesis – light absorption, charge
separation or oxidation of water (water oxidizing clock). Electron and proton
transport through thylakoid protein – pigment complexes, Photophosphorylation
and its mechanism, CO2 reduction (dark reactions). C3 pathway and
Photorespiration, Regulation of C3 pathway, C4 pathway and its different forms.
C3-C4 intermediates, CAM pathway, Methods of measurement of photosynthesis.
Respiration: Synthesis of hexose surgars from reserve carbohydrates,
Mechanism of respiration- Glycolysis. Difference between cytosolic and
chloroplastidic glycolysis, Oxidative decarboxylation. Krebs cycle, Regulation of
glycolysis and Krebs Cycle, Electron transport and odixative phosphorylation.
Aerobic and anaerobic respiration, Energatics of Respiration. Pentose phosphate
pathway Glyoxlate Cycle, Cyanide resistant respiration. Translocation of food:
Pathway of translocation, source and sink interaction, Materials translocated.
Mechanism of phloem transport, Loading and unloading. Leaves and
Atmosphere: Gaseous exchange, mechanism of stomatal regulation. Assimilation
of Nitrogen, Sulphur and phosphorus: The Nitrogen cycle, Nitrogen fixation.
Pathway of assimilation of nitrate and ammonium ions, Assimilation of Sulphur
and Phosphorus.
Class Seminars.

Practical:
Preparation of standard solution. Determination of the volume of CO2
evolved during respiration by plant material. Determination of the amount of O2
used by respiring water plant by Winkler method. Separation of chloroplast
pigments on column chromatogram and their quantification by
spectrophotometer. Extraction and separation of anthocyanin and other phenolic
pigments from plant material and study of their light absorption properties.
Categorization of C3 and C4 plants through their anatomical and physiological
characters. Regulation of stomatal opening by light of different colours and Ptl.

Recommended Books:
1. Rogers, K. 2011. The Cell. Britannica Educational Publishing.
2. Robert, D. H. 2011. Annual Plant Reviews, Biology of Plant
Metabolimics. Blackwell Publiser.
3. Andrew, H. C., John, P. H. R. 2011. Herbicides and Plant
Physiology. Blackwell Publisher.
4. Macdougal, D. T. 2010. Elementary Plant Physiology. General Book
Club.

8
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Introduction of Food Microbiology
The Scope of Food Microbiology: Micro-organisms and Food, Food
Spoilage/Preservation, Food Safety, Fermentation, Microbiological Quality
Assurance:
Micro-organisms and Food Materials: Diversity of Habitat, Micro-organisms in
the Atmosphere, Airborne Bacteria, Airborne Fungi ,Micro-organisms of Soil,
Micro-organisms of Water, Micro- organisms of Plants, Micro-organisms of
Animal Origin, the Skin, the Nose.
Factors Affecting the Growth and Survival of Micro-organisms in Foods:
Microbial Growth, Intrinsic Factors (Substrate Limitations), Nutrient Content, pH
and Buffering Capacity, Redox Potential.
Antimicrobial Barriers and Constituents: Water Activity: Extrinsic Factors
(Environmental Limitations) Relative Humidity, Temperature, Gaseous
Atmosphere,
The Microbiology of Food Preservation: Heat Processing, Pasteurization and
Appertization, Spoilage of Canned Foods, Aseptic Packaging: Irradiation: Chill
Storage, Freezing, Chemical Preservatives: Organic Acids and Esters, Nitrite,
Sulfur Dioxide, Natamycin. ‘Natural’ Food Preservatives: Modification of
Atmosphere, Control of Water Activity.
compartmentalization.
Microbiology of Primary Food Commodities: Microflora of Raw Milk, Meat,
Fish, Cereals, Pulses, Nuts and Oilseeds, Fruits and Fruit Products, Vegetables
and Vegetable Products
Food Microbiology and Public Health :Food Hazards, Significance of
Foodborne Disease, Incidence of Foodborne Illness, Risk Factors Associated
with Foodborne Illness, The Changing Scene and Emerging Pathogens.
Mycotoxins: Two to three examples.

Practical:
Indications for sampling and interpretation of results.

1. Culturing techniques
2. Schedules for examination of food.
3. Preparation of samples.
4. Enumeration of micro-organisms.
5. Isolation and enrichment of micro-organisms.
6. Milk and dairy products.
7. Egg and egg products.
8. Different kinds of perishable fruits.

Recommended Books:
1. Frazier, W.C., Westhoff, D. C. 2008. Food microbiology. McGraw Hill Book
Co., New York, USA.

9
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Research Methodology
What is science, philosophy and theory. How to do science. Questions,
hypothesis, their types. Experimentation, validation, theories and laws. Research
Methods: planning research, Various research methods. Analyzing results, giving
reports, etc. Research process including: formulating research questions.
Sampling (probability and nonprobability). Measurement (surveys, scaling,
qualitative, unobtrusive). Research design (experimental and quasi-
experimental). Data analysis. Writing the research paper. The major theoretical
and philosophical underpinnings of research. The idea of validity in research;
reliability of measures; and ethics. Presentation related to the subject.
Formulating research proposal and submission.
Recommended Books:
1. Flick, U. 2011. Introducing Research Methodology. Blackwell Publisher.
2. Francis, C. D. 2010. Evaluating Research Methodology. SAGE
Publisher.
3. Shank, G. D. 2009. Qualitative research: a personal skills
approach. Upper River, S., Columbus, N. J. O., Prentice Hall:
Merrill Prentice Hall.

10
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
BS Chemistry
Analytical Chemistry (Separation Techniques)

Course Title: Analytical Chemistry (Separation Techniques)

Course Code: CHEM-01611
Credit Hours: 3+1

Objective of course,
The given course will help to understand separation and purification of mixtures and their analysis by
various techniques using organic and inorganic solvents

Course Contents:

Solvent Extraction:
Principle theory, Distribution law, Distribution Coefficient, Quantitative Estimation, Factor effecting the
solvent extraction. Factor forcing the solvent extraction. Complex ion association, complexing reagent used
for solvent extraction techniques, Apparatus. Batch techniques, Stripping, Application, Problems.

Paper Chromatography:
Principle, types of paper chromatography, Supporting Material, Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis,
instrumentation, Application.

Practicals:

1. Separation & identification of metal Ions by Paper/TLC

2. Separation & identification of Indicators by Paper/TLC
3. Separation & identification of Amino Acid by Paper/TLC
4. Separation & identification of dyes by paper/TLC
5. Spectrophotometric determination of Fe.
6. Spectrophotometric determination of PO4
7. Spectrophotometric determination of Cobalt.
8. Spectrophotometric determination of Mn (II).
9. Spectrophotometric determination of Ni (II).
10. Spectrophotometric determination of Cu (III).
11. Spectrophotometric determination of Mo (II).

Recommended Books
1. Skoog, D. A., West, P. M., Holler, F. J., Crouch, S. R., Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry, 9th ed., Brooks
Cole Publishing Company, (2013).
2. Harris, D. C., Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 8th ed., W. H. Freeman and Company, New York, USA, (2011).
3. Christian, G. D., Analytical Chemistry, 6th ed., John Wiley and Sons, New York, (2006).
4. Kealey, D. and Haines, P. J., BIOS Instant Notes in Analytical Chemistry, 1st ed.,Bios Saence Publisher Ltd.
Oxford UK. (2002)
5. Pavia, D. L., Lampman, G. M., Kriz, G. S. and Vyvyan, J. A., Introduction to spectroscopy, 4th ed., Cengage
Learning, (2008).
6. Wall, P. E., Thin Layer Chromatography: A Modern Approach (RSC Chromatography Monographs), 1st ed.,
Royal Society of Chemistry, (2005).
7. Deinstrop, E. H., Applied Thin Layer Chromatography, 2nd ed., Wiley-VCH, (2006).
8. Kellener. R, Mermet. J. M., Otto, M., Valcarcel, M., Widmer, H.M., Analytical Chemistry: A Modern Approach to
Analytical Science, Wiley. VCH, (2004)
9. Hollas, J. M., Modern Spectroscopy, 4th ed., John-Wiley & Sons, Ltd., England (2004).
11
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

Course Title: Biochemistry (Clinical Biochemistry)

Course Code: CHEM-01621
Credit Hours: 3+1

Course Contents:
Brief Introduction, scope and applications of clinical biochemistry, introduction to blood. Blood Chemistry,
heme synthesis and breakdown, porphyria, types of Hb. Blood clotting cascade, hemoglobinopathies,
thalassemia. In born errors of lactose, sucrose, glycogen metabolism, HMP shunt, uronic acid pathway. In
born errors of amino acid and protein metabolism and lipid metabolism. In born errors of lipid and nucleic
acid metabolism. Metabolic regulation – concepts and theories. Endocrinology – introduction, scope and
basic concepts, receptors. Classification of Hormones, Mechanism of action of hormones. Hormones of
anterior pituitary gland and posterior pituitary gland. Hormones of adrenal medulla and adrenal cortex.
Hormones of thyroid gland and pancreas. Sex hormones. Miscellaneous hormones.

Recommended Books:

1. Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry by R.K. Murray, D.K. Granner and V.W. Rodwell. 27th Edition. 2006.
2. Lippincott’s illustrated reviews. Biochemistry. 3 rd Edition. Series editors: R.A. Harvey and P.C. Champe. 2005.
Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, USA
3. Singh, S. 2009. Textbook of Biochemistry. 4 th Edition
4. Voet, D., Voet, J.G., Pratt, C.W. 2008. Principles of Biochemistry. Hoboken, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 3 rd Edition

12
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Inorganic Chemistry

13
The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

14
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Organic Chemistry (Introduction to Synthetic Methods)

Course Title: Introduction to Synthetic Methods

Course Code: CHEM-01641
Course Credit: 3+1 Credit

Active methylenes
Application of Malonic ester, Acetoacetic ester, Nitroalkanes and Cyano Compounds in Organic
syntheses.

Rearrangements
Beckmann rearrangement, Pinacol-pinaclon rearrangement, Favoroski rearrangement, Hofmann
rearrangement, Benzil-Benzilic acid rearrangement, Wolf rearrangement

Named Organic Reactions

Cannizzaro reaction, Perkin condensation, Darzens Glycidic Ester reaction, Mannich reaction, Wittig
reaction, Diels-Alder reaction and their Applications in Organic Syntheses.

Orgometallic Compounds
Organo Magnesium Compounds, Organo Zinc Historical background, Preparations, Reactions and
Applications

Practical’s
Mixture Analysis: Two component analysis,
Organic Synthesis: At least four experiments involving two step Synthesis
Estimation of Amide and Carboxyl groups, Phenol and other functional groups.
Determination of Saponification value and acid value in oil

Books Recommended

(Latest available editions of the following books are recommended)

1. I .L Finar, “Organic Chemistry”, Vol-II, 5th Edition, Longman Group Limited, London (2009).
2. I. Fleming, “Frontier Orbitals and Organic Chemical Reactions”, John Wiley & Sons, New
York (2005).
3. R. T. Morrison and R. N. Boyd, “Organic Chemistry”, Allyn & Bacon Inc. (2005).
4. S. H. Pine, “Organic Chemistry”, McGraw Hill, Inc; New York (2009).
5. T.W.G. Solomon, “Organic Chemistry”, John Wiley & Sons, New York (2005).
6. F. A. Carey and R. J. Sundberg, “Advanced Organic Chemistry (Part B: Reactions and
Synthesis)”, Plenum Press, New York, Third Edition (2005).
7. B. K. Carpenter, “Determination of Organic Reaction Mechanisms, “John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
(1984).
8. G. R. Chatwal, “Reaction Mechanism and Reagents in Organic Chemistry”, Himalaya
Publishing House (1987).
9. L. F. Fieser and K. L. Williamson, “Organic Experiments”, D. C. Heath and Company (2005).
10. J. Fuhrhop and G. Penzlin, “Organic Synthesis Concepts, Methods, Starting Materials”,
Weinheim (1983).
11. E. S. Gould, “Mechanism and Structure of Organic Chemistry”, Holt, Rinehart and Winston,
Inc (2005).
12. J. M. Harris and C. C. Wamser, “Fundamental of Organic Reaction Mechanisms, “John Wiley
& Sons, Inc (1976).

15
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
13. A. C. Knipe and W. E. Watts, “Organic Reaction Mechanisms”, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
(1980).
14. T. H. Lowry and K. S. Richardson, “Mechanism and Theory in Organic Chemistry”, Harper
and Row (1976).
15. R. K. Mackie and D. M. Smith, “Guide book to Organic Synthesis”, Longman Group Ltd.
(1982).
16. J. March, “Advanced Organic Chemistry Reactions, Mechanisms and Structure”, John Wiley
& Sons, Inc; Fourth Edition (2009).
17. A. Streitwieser, H. Cock and C. H. Kosower “Introduction to Organic Chemistry”, Macmillan
Publishing Company, Third Edition (1989).
18. P. Sykes, “A Guide Book to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry”, Longman Group Ltd. (1986).
19. A. I. Vogel, “Elementary Practical Organic Chemistry Part III: Quantitative Organic Analysis”,
Longman Group Ltd (1958).
20. F. G. Mann, “Practical Organic Chemistry”, 4th Edition, Pearson Education India, New Delhi
(2009).
21. A. Singh, “Advanced Experimental Organic Chemistry”, 1st Advaced Experimental Organic
Chemistry”, 1st Campus Books International, New Delhi (2009).
22. S. G. Paal, “Nomenclature of Organic Coompounds”, 1st Narosa Publishing House, New
Delhi, India (2008).

16
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

Physical Chemistry (Electrochemistry & Photochemistry)

Course Title: Foundation-VI (Physical Chemistry) (Electrochemistry & Photochemistry)
Code: CHEM-01651
Credit Hours: 3+1

Course Objectives:
Students will acquire knowledge and understanding about the theoretical and instrumental as well as
application related aspects of conductometric, electrochemical techniques, alternative energy resources.
They will also acquire information regarding photochemical reactions, order of reactions etc.

Electrochemistry:
Fundamental concepts of electrochemistry (Conductors, types, Resistance and Resistivity, Conductance and
Conductivity, their units, Equivalent conductance, Molar conductance, Cell constant, Variation of conductance
with concentration, activity and activity co-efficient, Kohlaursch’s law, Arrhenius theory of electrolytic
dissociation, Ostwald Dilution Law etc)., Debye Huckel theory and its applications, Redox reactions,
spontaneous reactions, electrode potential, standard electrode potentials, liquid junction potential,
electrochemical series, Representation of a Cell, Measurement of Reduction Potential, , thermodynamics of
electrochemical systems, Relation between emf and K, Nernst’s equation, measurement of pH and pKa,
dynamic electrochemistry, Latimer Diagram, Relation between emf and Enthalpy, Relation between emf and
entropy, Various Types of Electrodes (such as Metal-Metal ion electrode, Non-metal-Non metal ion electrode.,
Metal-Metal islouble salt/Sal anion electrode., Metal-Metal oxide electrode., Gas Ion electrode, Oxidation
Reduction Electrode., membrane Electrode., Glass electrode., Calomel Electrode., reference and indicator
electrodes), electrochemical cells, types, concentration cells, chemical cells with transference, chemical cells
without transference, potentiometry, Applications of electrochemistry in energy related materials electrodes
and the electrode interface reactions.

Photochemistry:
Principles of photochemistry, laws of photochemistry, Einstein’s law of photochemical
equivalence, rates of intramolecular processes, chemical reactions and quantum yields with examples,
energy transfer in photochemical reaction, quantum yield of emission process radiation and nonradiation
process, kinetics and quantum yields of radiative and nonradiative process (fluorescence,
phosphorescence, inter-system crossing, internal conversion, quenching) and Stern-Volmer reactions,
photosensitized reactions.

List of Practical’s:

1. Determination of distribution coefficient of given compounds in appropriate immiscible solvents.

2. To determine the relationship between optical activity and concentration by polarimetry.
3. To determine the specific angle of rotation of various optically active compounds by polarimetery.
4. To Study the Rate of Hydrolysis of Sucrose when catalyzed by a Dilute Solution of a Strong Acid using
Polarimetery.
5. Conductometric titrations of strong base versus strong acid.
6. Conductometric titrations of weak acid versus strong base.
7. Conductometric titrations of strong acid versus weak base.
8. Verification of Ostwald’s Dilution Law by conductivity methods.
9. Determination of molecular weight of given polymers by viscosity method.
10. Spectroscopic determination of Cu-percentage in the given sample.
11. To determine the effectiveness of an extraction of I2 solution by using Solvent Extraction method.
12. Potentiometric titrations

17
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Recommended Books:
1. Bockris J. O. M., and Reddy, A. K. N., Modern Electrochemistry: Ionics, Vol. I, 2 nd ed., Plenum Press, London,
(1998).
2. Hamann, C. H., Hamnett, A. and Veilstich, W., Electrochemistry, 2 nd ed., Wiley-VCH Verla Gnb H and Co. KGaA,
(2007).
3. Laidler. K. J., “Chemical Kinetics” 3rd ed., Prentice Hall, (1987).
4. Bard, A. J. and Faulkner, L. R., Electrochemical Method: Fundamentals and Applications 2 nd ed., John-Wiley &
Sons, New York, (2001).
5. Silbey, R. J., Alberty, R. A. and Bawendi, M. G., Physical Chemistry, 4th
ed., John-Wiley & Sons, (2005).
6. Ball D. W., Physical Chemistry, Brooks/Cole Co. Inc., (2003).
7. Vertes, A., Nagy, S. and Klencsar, Z., Handbook of Nuclear Chemistry.
Volume 1: Basics of Nuclear Science, 1st ed., Springer, (2003).
8. Choppin, G., Liljenzin, J-. O. and Rydberg, J., Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, 3rd ed., Butterworth-
Heinemann, (2002).
9. Lovel and, W., Morrisey, D. J. and Seaborg, G. T., Modern Nuclear
Chemistry, John-Wiley & Sons, Inc., (2006).
10. Atkins, P. and Paula, J. D., Atkin’s Physical Chemistry, 9th ed., Oxford
University Press, (2010).
11. Somorjai, G. A. and Li, Y., Introduction to Surface Chemistry and
Catalysis, 2nd ed., John-Wiley & Sons, Inc., (2010).
12. Atkins, P., Jones, L., Chemical Principles: The Quest for Insight, 5th ed., W.H. Freeman, New York, (2010).
13. James, A. M., Prichard, F. E., Practical Physical Chemistry, 3rd ed.,
Longman Group Limited, New York, (1974).

18
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

BS Commerce
Logic and Critical Thinking

19
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Principles of Auditing

20
The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

21
The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

22
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

Human Resource Management

23
The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

24
The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

25
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Managerial Accounting

26
The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

27
The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

28
The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

29
The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

30
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Corporate Law and Secretarial Practices

31
The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

32
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
BS Computer Science
Artificial Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence

Credit Hours: 3+1 Course Code: COSC-3112 Prerequisites: COSC-1103

Course Learning Outcomes (CLOs):

*
At the end of the course, the students will be able to: Domain BT Level

1. Understand key components in the field of artificial intelligence C 2

2. Analyze artificial intelligence techniques for practical problem solving C 3

3. Install/Establish Implement classical artificial intelligence techniques C 4

*
BT= Bloom’s Taxonomy, C=Cognitive Domain, P=Psychomotor Domain, A=Affective Domain

Course Contents:
Introduction to AI, basic component of AI, Identifying AI systems, branches of AI, Reasoning and Knowledge
Representation of AI, Introduction to Reasoning and Knowledge Representation, Propositional Logic, First order
Logic, Problem Solving by Searching (Informed searching, Uninformed searching, Local searching.), Constraint
Satisfaction Problems, Adversarial Search (Min-max algorithm, Alpha beta pruning, Game-playing), Learning
Unsupervised learning, Supervised learning, Reinforcement learning, Uncertainty handling, Uncertainty in AI,
Fuzzy logic, Recent trends in AI and applications of AI algorithms, Case study of AI systems, Analysis of AI
systems

Teaching Methodology:

Lectures, Written Assignments, Practical labs, Semester Project, Presentations.

Course Assessment:

Mid Term Exam, Home Assignments, Quizzes, Project, Presentations, Final Exam.

Reference Material:
1. Artificial Intelligence. A Modern Approach, Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig, 3 Edition, Prentice Hall, Inc.,
rd

2010; ISBN-10: 0136042597

2. Pattern classification. Hart, P.E., Stork, D.G. and Duda, John Willey & Sons, ISBN-10: 0471056693
3. AI algorithms, data structures, and idioms in Prolog, Lisp, and Java, Luger, G.F. and Stubblefield, W.A.,
2009.Pearson Addison-Wesley, ISBN-10: 0136070477

33
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Compiler Construction

Compiler Construction

Credit Hours: 3 Course Code: COSC-3104 Prerequisites: COSC-2105

Course Learning Outcomes (CLOs):

*
At the end of the course, the students will be able to: Domain BT Level
1. Understand semantic analysis including static checking, intermediate
C 3
representations and attribute grammars
2. Analyse different compiler optimization techniques C 4
3. Perform lexical analysis C 5
4. Perform parsing techniques using parsing generators C 5
5. Design and implement a compiler for a small language C 6
*
BT= Bloom’s Taxonomy, C=Cognitive Domain, P=Psychomotor Domain, A=Affective Domain
Course Contents:
Introduction to Compilers, The Phases of Compiler, Cousins of Compiler, Grouping of Phases, Compiler
Construction Tools, Simple One-Pass Compiler, Syntax Definition and Translation, Parsing, A Translator for
Simple Expression, Lexical Analysis, Incorporation of Symbol Table, Abstract Stack Machine, Synthesis of
Techniques, Lexical Analyzer, Input Buffering, Token Specification and Recognition, Language Specifying
Lexical Analyzers, Automata, Deterministic and Non-Deterministic Automata (NFA), Conversion from Regular
Expression to NFA, Design of Lexical Analyzer Generator, Pattern Matching, Optimization of DFA-Based Pattern
Matchers, Syntax Analysis, The Role of Parsers, Context Free Grammar, Writing Grammar, Top Down and
Bottom-Up Parsing, Operator Precedence Parsing, LR Parsers, Removing Ambiguities in Context Free
Grammar, Parser Generators, Problems Solving, Syntax Directed Definition, Construction of Syntax Trees,
Bottom-Up Evaluation of S-Attributed Definitions, L-Attributed Definition, Top Down Translation, Bottom-Up
Evaluation, Recursion, Type Checking, Type Systems, Specification of Simple Type Checker, Equivalence of
Type Expression, Type Conversion, Intermediate Code Generation and Optimization

Teaching Methodology:
Lectures, Written Assignments, Practical labs, Semester Project, Presentations.
Course Assessment:
Mid Term Exam, Home Assignments, Quizzes, Project, Presentations, Final Exam.
Reference Material:
1. Compilers: Principles, Techniques and Tools, A. V. Aho, R. Sethi and J. D. Ullman, Addison-Wesley;
nd
2 Edition 2006; ISBN-10: 0321486811
2. Modern Compiler Design, D. Grune, H. E. Bal, C. J. H. Jacobs, K. G. Langendoen, John Wiley, 2
nd

Edition,2012; ISBN-10: 1461446988

3. Modern Compiler Implementation in C by A. W. Appel, M. Ginsburg, Cambridge University Press, 2004.
ISBN-10: 0521607655

34
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Data Science
Data Science

Credit Hours: 3 Course Code: COSC-3109 Prerequisites: None

Course Learning Outcomes (CLOs):

*
At the end of the course, the students will be able to: Domain BT Level
1. Understand data science and basic concepts related to data science C 1
2. Identify or Explain tools/techniques or algorithms to solve the data science
C 2
problems.
3. Manage the data science cycle including getting data, cleaning data, data
C 3
preprocessing, and data visualization.
4. Practice data science issues in statistical computing using programming
C 4
language such as R and Python.
*
BT= Bloom’s Taxonomy, C=Cognitive Domain, P=Psychomotor Domain, A=Affective Domain

Course Contents:
Introduction to Data Science, Data Science Life cycle & Process (Asking Right Questions, Obtaining Data,
Understanding Data, Building Predictive Models, Generating Visualizations), For Building Data Products,
Introduction to Data (Types of Data and Data Sets), Data Quality (Measurement and Data Collection Issues),
Data pre-processing Stages (Aggregation, Sampling, Dimensionality Reduction, Feature subset selection,
Feature creation etc.), Algebraic & Probabilistic View of Data, Introduction to Python Data Science Stack
(Python, Numpy, Pandas, Matplotlib), Relational Algebra & SQL, Scraping & Data Wrangling (assessing,
structuring, cleaning & munging of data), Basic Descriptive & Exploratory Data Analysis using Plotly and
Matplotlib, Introduction to Text Analysis (Stemming, Lemmatization, Bag of Words, TF-IDF), Introduction to
Prediction and Inference (Supervised & Unsupervised) Algorithms, Introduction to Scikit Learn, Bias-Variance
Tradeoff, Model Evaluation & Performance Metrics (Accuracy, Contingency Matrix, Precision-Recall, F1-Score,
etc.), Introduction to Map-Reduce
paradigm, Introduction to R, Reading data into R, Data frames, Basic and advanced plots for Data Visualization.
Teaching Methodology:
Lectures, Written Assignments, Practical labs, Semester Project, Presentations.
Course Assessment:
Mid Term Exam, Home Assignments, Quizzes, Project, Presentations, Final Exam.
Reference Material:
1. Introduction to Data Science: A Python Approach to Concepts, Techniques and Applications by Laura
st
Igualand Santo Segui, Springer, 1 Edition, 2017; ISBN 978-3-319-50016-4
2. Python Data Science Cookbook by Gobi Subramanian, Packt Publishing, 1
st
Edition, 2015;
ISBN 978-1-78439-640-4
3. Data Science from Scratch by Joel Grus, O’Relly Media, 1 Edition, 2015; ISBN 978-1-491-90142-7
st

4. Data Mining and Analysis: Fundamental Concepts and Algorithms by Muhammad J. Zaki and Wagner
st
Meira,Jr, Cambridge University Press, 1 Edition, 2014;ISBN 978-0-521-76633-3

35
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Web Systems Technologies
Web Technologies

Credit Hours: 3 Course Code: INFT-3103 Prerequisites: None

Course Learning Outcomes (CLOs):

*
At the end of the course, the students will be able to: Domain BT Level

1. Demonstrate knowledge in web technologies including HTML, XHTML,

C 2
CSS,image-editing software, web authoring software, and client-side scripting

2. Select appropriate Web tools for a Web development project. C 3

3. Identify various formats and languages used in modern web-pages: HTML,

C 3
XHTML, CSS, XML, XSLT, Javascript, DOM.
4. Identify Web authoring obstacles created by the availability of various web
C 4
browsers and markup language versions.
5. Create a well-designed and well-formed, professional Web site utilizing the
C 4
most current standards and practices.

*
BT= Bloom’s Taxonomy, C=Cognitive Domain, P=Psychomotor Domain, A=Affective Domain

Course Contents:

Introduction to Web Applications, TCP/IP Application Services. Web Servers: Basic Operation, Virtual hosting,
Chunked transfers, Caching support, Extensibility. SGML,HTML5, CSS3. XML Languages and Applications: Core
XML, XHTML, XHTM MP. Web Service: SOAP, REST, WML, XSL. Web Services: Operations, Processing HTTP
Requests, Processing HTTP Responses, Cookie Coordination, Privacy and P3P, Complex HTTP Interactions,
Dynamic Content Delivery. Server Configuration. Server Security. Web Browsers Architecture and Processes.
Active Browser Pages: JavaScript, DHTML, AJAX. JSON, Approaches to Web Application Development.
Programing in any Scripting language. Search Technologies. Search Engine Optimization. XML Query Language,
Semantic Web, Future Web Application Framework.

Teaching Methodology:

Lectures, Written Assignments, Practical labs, Semester Project, Presentations.

Course Assessment:

Mid Term Exam, Home Assignments, Quizzes, Project, Presentations, Final Exam.

36
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Design & Analysis of Algorithms

Design & Analysis of Algorithms

Credit Hours: 3 Course Code: COSC-3115 Prerequisites: COSC-2101

Course Learning Outcomes (CLOs):

*
At the end of the course, the students will be able to: Domain BT Level

1. Understand the “best”, “expected”, and “worst” case behaviour of an algorithm C 1

2. Describe the time and space complexity of simple algorithms C 2

3. Apply the notation and strategies for finding time and space complexity of
C 3
algorithms and to solve an appropriate problem
4. Solve problems using graph algorithms, including single-source and all-pairs
C 4
shortest paths, and at least one minimum spanning tree algorithm.
*
BT= Bloom’s Taxonomy, C=Cognitive Domain, P=Psychomotor Domain, A=Affective Domain

Course Contents:
Introduction; role of algorithms in computing, Analysis on Nature of Input and Size of Input, AsymptoticNotations;
Big-O, Big Ω, Big Θ, Little-o, Little-ω, Sorting Algorithm Analysis, Loop Invariants, Recursion and Recurrence
Relations; Algorithm Design Techniques, Brute Force Approach, Divide-and-Conquer Approach; Merge, Quick
Sort, Greedy Approach; Dynamic Programming; Elements of Dynamic Programming, Search Trees; Heaps;
Hashing; Graph Algorithms, Shortest Paths, Sparse Graphs, String Matching; Introduction to Complexity Classes

Teaching Methodology:

Lectures, Written Assignments, Practical labs, Semester Project, Presentations.

Course Assessment:

Mid Term Exam, Home Assignments, Quizzes, Project, Presentations, Final Exam.

Reference Material:
1. Introduction to Algorithms by Thomas H. Corman, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L. Rivest and Clifford
rd
Stein,MIT Press; 3 Edition 2012. ISBN 10: 0262033844
2. Algorithm Design by Jon Kleinberg, Eva Tardos, Pearson; 2014. ISBN-10: 0321295358
3. Algorithms by Robert Sedgewick, Kevin Wayne, Pearson; 2011. ISBN-10: 032157351X

37
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
E-commerce/Game Programming/Data Communication

38
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Course Contents of Data Communication

Basics of Data Communication, Types of Computer Networks, Network Topologies, International

standards, OSI model, TCP/IP Protocol Suit, Fundamentals of Analog and Digital Signals, Signal

conversions, Transmission Impairments, Line Coding, Multiplexing and its types, Transmission Media,

Switching, Error Detection and Correction, Flow and Error Control, Data Link Layer Protocols, Ethernet

Protocols and evolution, Synchronous Optical Network (SONET), Wireless LANs, Connecting Devices,

Vlans, and related fundamental concepts of Physical and Data Link Layer.

39
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
BS Economics
Basic Econometrics
Introduction

Definition and Scope of Econometrics, Economic theory as the basis for empirical
analysis, Mathematical and Econometric Models, Application of Statistical techniques to
Economic data, Ingredients of Econometric modeling. Specification, Estimation,
Evaluation and Forecasting

The Classical Linear Regression Model (CLRM)

(a) The Simple Two –Variables model

Variables and parameters, meaning of the explained and explanatory variables,

Estimators and estimates, Correlation and Regression theory, Mathematical versus
econometric model, Structure of the linear econometric model with two explanatory
variables, Rationale for inclusion of the disturbance term, Assumptions of the model
with special reference to the disturbance term, The least squares principle, BLUE
properties of the OLS estimators, the estimation procedure, the economic interpretation
of the estimated coefficients, hypothesis testing and the use of Z, t, F. test statistics, the
confidence interval and tests of significance approaches, the ANOVA technique, the
explanatory power of the model, coefficient of determination vs. correlation coefficient:
comparing regression and correlation theory, econometric forecasting and confidence
interval for the dependent variable against future value of the independent variable,
important features of a good forecast, extensions of the model: time as explanatory
variables, dummy variables, estimation through the origin.

(b) The Multiplier linear regression model (MLRM)

The general format of MLR model, assumptions of the model with special reference to
independence of the explanatory variable, estimation of model with 3-4 explanatory
variables using the OLS procedure, interpretation of the estimated coefficients,
computation of elasticities, the degree of freedom and adjusted R2 , the explanatory power
of the model and ‘Goodness of Fit’ Hypothesis testing MLR, overall significance of the
regression and the use of F-statistics, economy theory and econometric modeling.

Deviation from the Classical Assumptions

Assumptions of the Classical model and economic reality, Relaxation of the

assumptions and estimation issues, Brief introduction to the nature of problems and
alternatives.

40
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
(i) Multicollinearity

Linear relationship between any two explanatory variables, nature and severity of
the problem, distinction between perfect and partial multicollinearity, properties of
OLS estimators in the presence of collinearity, detection of the problem and
remedial measures.

(ii) Heteroskedasticity

Meaning of heteroskedasticity, the nature of the problem with reference to

economic theory, cross section data and the problem of non-constant variances,
consequences for OLS estimators, detection of the problem and remedial
measures in brief, introduction to the generalized Least-Squares Model (GLS).

(iii) Autocorrelation

Autocorrelation and its causes, time-series data and emergence of the problem
with reference to economic theory, the AR (1) process consequences of
Autocorrelation for OLS estimators, detection of the problem and remedial
measures in brief.

Recommended Material:

1. Gujarati, D., (Latest edition), Basic Econometrics, McGraw Hill.

2. Koutsoyiannis, A., (Latest edition), Theory of Econometrics, McMillan.

3. Maddala, J.S., (Latest edition), Econometrics, McGraw Hill, New York.

4. Johnston, J., (Latest edition), Econometric Models, McGraw Hill.

5. Wonnacott, R.J. and T.H. Wonnacott, (Latest edition), Econometrics, John Wiley, New
York.

41
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

Monetary Theory & Policy

Introduction and Development of Monetary Mechanism

Evolution of money and payment system, Definition of money function of money and
measurement of money, Demand for money and supply of money, Definitions of money,
M1, M2, M3, L etc.

Role of Money in the Economy

Debate on neutrality and non-neutrality of money, Classical dichotomy and Keynesian

integration of nominal and real sectors, Role of money in the IS-LM framework, Money in
Aggregate Demand & Aggregate Supply analysis, Keynesian vs. Monetarist views of
equilibrium output, Employment and prices.

Demand for Money

Quantity theory of money, Transaction theories of demand for money, Portfolio theories
of demand for money, Baumol-Tobin model of cash management, Friedman’s
restatement of quantity theory of money: Empirical evidence on the demand for money.

The Money Supply Process

Monetary base, Keynesian liquidity preference framework, Friedman’s modern quantity theory
of money, Multiple deposit creation: Introducing the money supply process determinants
of the money supply: Exogenous and endogenous, Understanding movements in the
monetary base, money multiplier, Velocity of money and its variability, Explaining
depositor and bank behavior: The complete money supply model, Regressive
expectation model.

The Conduct of Monetary Policy: Central Bank

Structure and functions of central bank, Independence of central bank and its role in
economic growth, Tool of central bank for money control, Monetary base, The conduct of
monetary policy: goals and targets, Tools of monetary policy: Three major tools of
monetary policy, Required reserve ratio, Discount window loans and open market
operation, Advantages and disadvantages and impact analysis of each policy tool,
Central bank as a lender of last resort, Financial intermediaries, Monetization of public
debt, Ineffectiveness of stabilization policies, Targeting interest rate and inflation.

Money & Interest Rates

Determinants of interest rates, Kinds of interest rates, The behavior of interest rates,
Understanding & measuring the interest rates, Real & nominal interest rates, Theories of
interest
42
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
rate determination, The risk and term structure of interest rates, The distinction between
interest rates and returns, Maturity & volatility of bond returns, Portfolio choice: The
theory of asset demand.

Money and Inflation

What is inflation & causes of inflation? Demand-pull inflation, Cost-push inflation,

Stagflation & hyperinflation, Inflation as a monetary phenomenon, The Philips curve and
accelerating inflation, Inflation in Pakistan: Sources and managing policies, Sources of
inflation in Pakistan: Spiracle evidences, Policies to combat inflation in Pakistan.

Monetary Policy in International Framework

Money demand and empirical evidences, Money in growth models, Inflationary spiral,
Current issues in monetary and financial sector reforms, Conduct of monetary policy in
fixed and flexible exchange rates, Perfect mobility of capital and money control,
Effectiveness of policy, Impact of reserves on B.O.P. and exchange rates, Targeting
exchange rate, Managed exchange rate system and monetary policy, Targeting inflation,
Exchange rate and balance of payment.

Recommended Material:

1. Bennett, T. M., (1989), Monetary Economics, Theory and Policy, McMillan.

2. Mishkin, F. S., (1995), Financial Markets and Money, Harper & Row Publishers.
3. David, L. E. W., (1996/4th Edition), The Demand for Money: Theories, Evidence
and Problems, Harper & Row, Publishers, New York.
4. Miller, R. L., and David, V., (2001), Money, Banking & Financial Markets,
Southwestern, Singapore.
5. Mishkin, F. S., (2001/6th Edition), The Economics of Money, Banking and
Financial Markets, Addison Wesley, New York.
6. Vanish, K., (2000), Monetary Theory, Vikas Publishing House, Delhi.
7. Patinkin, D., (Latest Edition), Money, Interest and Prices, Harper and Row Publishers

43
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Development Economics and Planning
Population, Education and Human Capital

Demographic Transition, Human Resources as a source of growth and their

contributions. Investment in education and returns. Models of Employment &
Unemployment: Time Criterion, Productivity Criterion and New Index etc., and
Employment generation Strategies/Techniques.

International Debt, Aid / Assistance

Why international borrowing? Two Gap Model, Aid commitments and disbursement.
Sources of borrowing. Debt Cycle Theory/Stages. Debt Burden: Debt Servicing, Debt
Laffer Curve, Debt buy back etc., Latin American Debt Crises, ASEAN Crises, Debt
Problem of LDC’s and South Asia, Debt Overhang and threat to growth. Policies to
combat debt

problem: Forecasting debt and solution for debt burden, saving mobilization/Domestic
resource mobilization, Debt rescheduling etc. Debt Modeling and Forecasting Future
Implication.

WTO, Liberalization and International Trade

Trade vs. Aid. Liberalization of Trade and its impacts/gains etc., Foreign Exchange
Constraints and Balance of Payment deficit. Role of GATT and its Failure. WTO and LDC’s.
Trade Instability, Distribution of gains from Trade liberalization. Regional Trade
Associations (RTA’s): their role and contributions. Basis for trade and benefits: Gains
from Trade: Static and Dynamic Gains. Comparative Advantage, Revealed Comparative
Advantage and Competitiveness. Trade as an engine of growth. Product Cycle.
Determinants of exports growth. Transfer of Technology: Sources & Need. Technology
Centered Development and Appropriate technology issue.

Economic Growth and Environment

Model of Environment and Economic Activity. Market Based Approach and Externalities.
Deforestation and Renewable Resources, Measuring environment values. Deforestation
and Macroeconomic Environment. Industrialization and its environmental cost, Use of
Pesticides and Environmental Impacts. Natural resources degradation. Cost of
Pollutions/Environmental degradation. International awareness about environment,
production and need for Reforms. Economic thoughts and Environment. International
Agencies: Environmental concerns and programs. Urbanization and environmental
issues. Sustained development, Ecology and economic progress.

Growth Models

Harrod-Domer Model, Technical Change and growth Model, Kaldor’s Model of

44
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Distribution, Joan Robinson’s Model of capital accumulation, Model of Steady State
Growth. Saving-Investment and Golden Rules.

45
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Recommended Material:

 Todaro, M. P., (Latest Edition), Economic Development in the third World,

Heinemann, London.
 Meier, Gerald M. and James E. Rauch. 2000. Leading Issues in Economic
Development. Seventh Edition. Oxford University Press.
 Todaro, Michael P. and Stephen C. Smith. 2003. Economic Development.
Pearson Education Limited.
 Allen, Tim and Alan Thomas. 2000. Poverty and Development. Second Edition.
Oxford University Press
 Stiglitz, Joseph and Gerald Meier. 2001. Frontiers of Development Economics:
The Future in Perspective. Oxford University Press/The World Bank
 Balasubramanyam V. and Lall, S. (Latest eds.), Current Issues in Development
Economics, McMillan, London.
 Chaudhary M. Aslam and Hamid A., (1989), Human Resource Development
and Management in Pakistan, Ferozsons, Lahore.
 Meier, Gerald M., (Latest Issue), Leading Issues in Economic Development,
Oxford University Press.
 Subarta,Ghatak, (2003), Introduction to Development Economics, Routledge,
Taylor and Francis Group, London/New York.
 Chaudhary M. Aslam and Eatzaz, A., (2004), Globalization: WTO, Trade and
Economic Liberalization in Pakistan, Ferozsons, Lahore, Pakistan.
 Chenery H. B. and Srinivasen, (1988), Hand Book of Development Economics,
vol. I & II, Amsterdam North Holland.
 Cypher J. M. and Dietz James L., (2004), The Process of Economic
Development, Routledge, Taylor Francis Group, London/New York.
 Herrick, B. and Kindleberger C., (latest edition), Economic Development,
McMillan, New York.
 Hirshman, A. O., (1960), Strategy of Economic Development, Yale University Press.
 Jones, H. G., An Introduction to Modern Theories of Economic Growth, (Latest
Edition), McGraw Hills.
 Mahboob-ul-Haq Center for Human Development (MHCHD). Human
Development in South Asia, Annual Reports, Islamabad.
(1999), A Profile of Poverty in Pakistan, (In Collaboration with UNDP).
 Thirlwall, A.P., (2003), Growth and Development, With Special Reference to
Developing Economies 7th edition, Palgrave Publisher.
 UNDP, Human Development Reports, Annual Reports.
 Van, Den Berg H., (2001), Economic Growth and Development, McGraw Hills.
 William, Easterly, Growth without Development, A Case Study of Pakistan, World
Bank.
 World Bank, World Development Reports, Annual reports, 1986, 1987, 1990,
1991, 1992, 1994, 1995, 1998/99, 2000/2001 and 2004.
 Yotopolous, Pan A. and Nugent Jeffery B., (Latest edition), Economics of
Development, Empirical Investigation, Harper and Row Publishers, London/New
York.

46
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Macroeconomic Theory II
The Supply Side Economics

Demand for and Supply of Labour, The wage rate determination, Rigidity versus
flexibility of nominal wage rate, the short-run Production function Derivation of
Aggregate Supply under the Classical and Keynesian assumptions, The notions of full-
employment and under-employment.

The Open Economy Macroeconomics

Balance of Payments: The case of a small open economy with special reference to
developing economies, The relative effectiveness of Fiscal and Monetary policies under
the Fixed and Floating exchange rate regimes, The Managed exchange rates system,
Determinants of the Exchange Rates, Devaluation and its impacts for developing
countries, Perfect and imperfect capital mobility, Problems of stabilization in global
framework.
Growth and Business Cycles

The accumulation of capital, Acceleration principle and the concept of steady state
growth path, The steady state conditions, The basic Neoclassical (Solow) growth model,
Golden rule for consumption and investment (capital accumulation), The role of
technical progress in growth, Introduction to the theory of Real Business Cycles:
Interpretation, Labour market, Technology shocks, Household Behaviour, the
persistence of output Fluctuations, Limitations of the Model.
Macroeconomic Policy Debate

Policy Actions: Active or Passive, Ignorance, Expectations and the Lucas Critique,
Conduct of Policy: Formula/Rule vs. Discretion, Distrust of Policy makers and Political
Process, Macroeconomics Policy: the Fiscal, Monetary and Commercial policies, Policy
formulation and implementation in a world of uncertainty, Seigniorage and inflation:
Monetarists vs. Activists, the short run and long run analysis of the Philips Curve, The
expectation augmented Philips Curve, The Perfect Foresight and adjustment.

Recommended Material:

1. Branson, W., (1989/3rd or Latest Edition), Macroeconomics: Theory and Policy,

Harper and Row Publishers, New York.
2. Froyen, R., (2002/7th Edition), Macroeconomics: Theories and Policies, Prentice Hall.
3. Gupta, G. S., (2004/2nd Edition), Macroeconomics: Theory and Applications, Tata
McGraw Hill Publishing Company, New Delhi.
4. Scarth, W. M., (1996/2nd Edition), Macroeconomics: An Introduction to
Advanced Methods, Dryden Press: Harcourt Brace & Company.
5. Dornbusch, R., Stanley, F., (2008/9th Edition), Macroeconomics, McGraw-Hill Inc
6. Romer, D., (2001), Advanced Macroeconomics, McGraw Hill, New York.
7. Mankiw, G. N., (2003/5th Edition), Macroeconomics, Worth Publishers, New York.

47
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Microeconomic Theory II
The Theory of Consumption and Demand
Axioms of rational behavior, The utility function and budget line, constrained
optimization and the Lagrange function, utility maximization and ordinary (Marshallian)
demand function, cost minimization and compensated (Hicksian) demand functions, The
inter-relationship between ordinary and compensated demands, the indirect utility
function and expenditure function, homogeneity of demand functions, elasticity of
demand, Euler’s relation and demand elasticities, Engel’s law and income elasticity,
impact of a price change on demand, bifurcation of the price effect income and
substitution effects, the Slutsky equation: derivation and interpretation, Gross and net
substitutes, classification of goods: normal, inferior and Giffen goods, clarification of the
concepts by using Cobb-Douglas and CES utility functions.

The Theory of Production and Supply

The production function: components, different forms, properties of Cobb-Douglas and

CES production functions, the Iso-quant and its slope, the marginal rate of technical
substitution, diminishing MRTS and convexity of Iso-quant, the cost function in relation to
production function, relationship between average and marginal cost functions, the short
run marginal cost and supply function, relationship between the short run and long run
average cost functions, relationship between the marginal revenue and marginal cost
functions, equilibrium of the firm in short run and long run, demand for variable factors,
expansion path and return to scales, elasticity of substitution, the role of technical
progress and shifting of production overtime.

General Equilibrium and Welfare Economics

The concept of elasticity and welfare, conditions of allocative efficiency: consumption,

production and product mix, theorems of optimality/welfare, the efficiency of competitive
market structure, equity and efficiency trade off, partial vs. general equilibrium, the pure
exchange economy, two sector economy(consumption and production), diagrammatic
approach: the Edgeworth box, production possibility frontier and social indifference
curve, introduction to computation of general equilibrium in a 2×2×2 (two consumers,
two sectors/ commodities, two factors) economy.
Recommended Material:
1. Nicholson, W., (6th edition), Microeconomic Theory: Basic Principles and
Extensions, South- Western.
2. Layard, P.R.G and A. A. Walters, (Latest Edition), Microeconomic Theory,
McGraw Hill Publishing Company.
3. Henderson, J.M & R.E. Quandt, (Latest Edition), Microeconomic Theory, Melliwra H
A Book Co., N.Y.
4. Ferguson, C.E & J.P.Gould, (Latest Edition), Microeconomic Theory, Macmillan.
5. Silberberg, E and Suen W., (2001), The Structure of Economics: A Mathematical
Analysis, McGraw Hill International.
6. Perloff, Jeffery, (1999), Microeconomics, Addison Wesley Longman.
7. Pindyck and Rubinfeld, (2004), Microeconomics, Pearson Education Asia.
48
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
International Trade Theory
Importance and Basis of Trade

Why study international economics? The changing world and interdependence: basis of
trade, gains from trade. Absolute advantage, comparative advantage, overview of
comparative advantage and patterns of trade. Offer curves and free trade equilibrium.
Disagreements of free trade: overview of emergency of international trade issues. The
elasticity of exports demand and balance of payments. Substitution and income effects,
impacts of rise in exports demand.

Growth and Trade

International trade and shift in production function, immunizing growth, output growth
and terms of trade (T.O.T)/ deterioration: uniform growth at given T.O.T. the transfer
problem: marshal plan and transfers, transfer of resources: neutral case.

Technology and Factor Endowment:

Ricardian trade model, world production and gains. Comparative cost and trade pattern.
National and world gains from trade. International wage differentials and productivity.
Technical progress and international gains. WTO and gains from technical progress:
impacts and prices. Equilibrium production and consumption: non-traded and trade able,
costs, marginal physical product and production possibilities. Production possibilities
with diminishing returns, increasing opportunity cost. Free trade and income distribution,
relative demand, supply and pattern of trade. Dutch disease and its application.

Factor Endowment and Heckscher-Ohlin (H-O) Theory

Output and factor rewards in 2X2 model. Factor intensity comparison. H-O model, the
role of demand, factors prices and commodity prices, factor price equalization and factor
intensity reversal. Newly industrializing countries (NIC’s) and footloose production
process. NIC’s and H-O theorem. The production cycle and critical analysis of traditional
trade theories. Rybescky theorem and its critical review.

Markets, Cartels and International Trade

Monopoly and import competition, export opportunities. Product differentiation and

monopolistic competition. Dumping/ discrimination and WTO, competitive and market
share, gains from migration. WTO and factors movements and the commodity
movement. Multinationals firms and foreign direct investment, transfer of capital,
technology, skill and other gains, transfer of resources and transfer problems.

Tariff, Quota, Trade Policies and WTO

49
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Tariff and small country: effects of tariff, price and demand for imports, welfare impacts.
Impacts of tariff on government revenue, T.O.T, production and welfare. Impact of tariff
on domestic and world welfare. The optimum tariff. Tariff and income distribution. Brief
introduction of tariff and WTO laws, tariff and second best choice, subsidies and quota,
voluntary quota, growth with protection vs. free trade gains and WTO. Managed trade,
quantitative restrictions, voluntary export restrictions and their impacts. Trade diversion
and preferential arrangements. WTO: injury, anti-dumping duties, tariff and BOP
support. Success and failure of WTO agenda. WTO rules: sanitary, phytosanitary,
dumping, anti-dumping etc. rules and emerging new issues and their impacts.

Major Contemporary International Economic Issues

WTO: GATT and emergency of WTO. Why necessary to join WTO. WTO: major trade
rules and their expected impacts on trade, BOP deficit. WTO and fair trade/ free trade.
Free trade will it be. Issue of “are free trade gains more than restricted trade”. Emerging
regional trading, blocks, special preference and their impacts. Issues relating to the
contributions of international financial institutions and their evaluations. Is there need to
reform international institutions. Monetary integration and their impacts. Terms of trade
issue.

Recommended Material:

1. Salvatore, Dominick, (9th edition/latest), International Economics, Prentice Hall.

2. Salvatore, Dominick, (4th edition/latest), Schaum’s Outline for International
Economics, Schaum’s Series.
3. Krugman, P.R. and M. Obstfeld, (2008), International Economics: Theory and Policy,
Pearson, Addison Wesley.
4. Husted, S., and M. Melvin, (2006), International Economics, Pearson.
5. William, A. Kerr and Nicholas Perdikis, (Latest Edition), The Economics of
International Business.
6. Williams, Marc., (Latest Edition), International Economic Organizations and the Third
World.
7. Saeed, Khawaja Amjad, (Latest Edition), Management of Pakistan Economy.
8. Caves, Richard E., and Jones Ronald W., (Latest Edition), World Trade and
Payments: An Introduction, Little Brown and Company, Boston, Toronto.
9. Chacholiades, Miltiades, (Latest Edition), International Trade Theory and Policy,
McGraw Hill Book Company, New York/London.
10. Grubel, Herbert C., (Latest Edition), International Economics, Richard D. Irwin
Inc., Honewood, Illinois.
11. Holinder, Peter & Thomas A., Pugel, (Latest Edition), International Economics.
12. Sodersten, B. and Geoffry Read., (1994/ Latest Edition), International Economics,
MacMillan Press Ltd.
13. World Economic Forum, (1999), The Global Competitiveness Report, Oxford
University Press, Oxford/ New York.
14. World Bank, (latest edition), World Development Report, Oxford University Press.

50
The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
BS Education

51
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

BS English
Modern Poetry

52
The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

53
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Modern Drama

54
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

Modern Novel

55
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

Grammar & Syntax

56
The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

57
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Discourse Studies

58
The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

59
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Creative Non-fiction

60
The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

61
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
BS Geography
Foundation-IX (Quantitative Geography)
Course Code: GEOG01601 CH 4(3+1)

Objective
To train students in collection, analysis, interpretation and presentation of quantitative
spatial data and to enable them to organize and conduct independent research. To use
database software for the analysis of both Spatial and Temporal data

Course Outline

 Introduction to Quantitative Geography

 Quantitative revolution and its impact on Geography
 Parametric and non-parametric statistics
 Nature of geographical data and measurement scales.
 Summary Techniques: theory of central tendency, dispersion, and variability.
 Time Series: graphs, growth and decline, index numbers, logarithmic scales,
trends and fluctuations, components of time series.
 Methods of drawing trends lines for linear and exponential series, scatter
diagram, standard error and probability, correlation and regression
 Quantitative models in Geography

Laboratory Work

Introduction to EPI-Info SPSS MS Excel, MS Access and other relevant software

database for quantitative analysis.

Books Recommended
1. Chapman J. and Mcgraw J.R. et al. (1993), An Introduction to Statistical Problems
Solving in Geography, Oxford: WCB
2. Haring, L.L. et al. (1992), Introduction to Scientific Geographic Research , Oxford: ECB
3. Maguire, D.J. (1989), Computers in Geography , London: Longman
4. Matthew, H. & I. Foster (1989), Geographical Data. Sources, Presentation and
Analysis Oxford: Oxford University Press.
5. Saxena, H.C. (1993), An easy approach to statistics, New Delhi.
6. Zia-Ud-Din, M. (1990), Elementary Statistics. New Delhi, S. Chand
7. Sidney Siegel (Latest edition) Statistics for Behavioural Scientists.
8. Pakistan Geographical Review (Lahore)
9. Pakistan Journal of Geography (Peshawar)

62
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Major-III (Research Methods)
Course Code: GEOG02602 CH 3(2+1)

Objective
To enable students to conduct research independently including literature review/search
and collection of data, its analysis, interpretation and presentation.

Course Outline

 Introduction to research approaches; basic versus applied research: bibliography

and literature review
 Research paradigms in geography
 Types of research: historical research, qualitative/descriptive research; research
design, research topic, formulation and statement of a problem, research
questions, research hypotheses, research objectives, research plan
 Data collection, universe and sampling: primary and secondary data, sources of
data, selection of a sample and measuring instruments, basic considerations in
sampling, size of sample, geo-statistical considerations. Sampling units and
design; points, traverses, random sampling, stratified sampling, systematic
sampling.
 Data analysis and interpretation pre-analysis considerations, preparing data for
analysis: use of the descriptive statistics and quantitative methods.
 Research report writing, bibliography and references.

Books Recommended
1. Ackerman, Edward A. (1958), Geography as a Fundamental Research Discipline,
University of Chicago Press, Chicago
2. Ebdon, D. (1977), Statistics in Geography, Basil Blackwell Oxford
3. Gay L. R. (1992), Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Application,
Macmillan Publishing Company.
4. Gee, W. (1950), Social Science Research Method, Appleton Century Crofts, Inc. New
York.
5. Gregory, S, (1973), Statistical Methods and the Geographers, Longman London.
6. Hammond, R.E. Mc. Cullagh , (1978), Quantitative Techniques in Geography,
Clarendon Press, Oxford
7. Hartshorne, R. (Latest Edition), Perspective on the Nature of Geography, John
Murray London.
8. Howard, K. & Sharp, J.A. (1983), The Management of a Student Research Project,
Gower Publishing Company, UK.
9. Huff, D. (1973), How to Lie with Statistics, Hammonds-worth, Penguin
10. Keelinger, Fred N. (1986), Foundation of Behavioral Research. New York, CAB
Publications
11. Lyne, Tucker et al. (1990), Research Methods and Statistical Analysis, IPS
Nottingham University UK.
63
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
12. Norcliffe, G.B. (1977), Inferential Statistics for Geographers, Hutchins London.
13. Plate, R.S. (1959), Field Study in American Geography, Illinois, University Press Chicago
14. Taylor, P.J. (1977), Quantitative Methods in Geography, Houghton Mifflin Boston.
15. Walker (1963), The Nature of Scientific Thought, Prentice Hall New Jersey.
16. Pakistan Geographical Review (Lahore)
17. Pakistan Journal of Geography (Peshawar)
18. Journal Geography (Karachi)
19. HEC Digital Library

64
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Major-IV (Economic Geography)
Course Code: GEOG02603 CH 3(2+1)

Objective
To create an understanding of World Economic Geography citing explicit examples from
different countries including Pakistan.

Course Outline

 Key concepts and approaches

 Evolution of world economic systems: Medieval feudal economics, economic
impacts of colonialism. Modern world economic systems
 Classification of economic activities
 Human resource and its development
 Concept of natsural resources and reserves
 Primary activities, gathering, hunting, herding, subsistence, Intensive and
extensive farming, commercial grain framing, livestock farming, dairying, mixed
farming, plantation farming, lumbering, fishing and mining.
 Secondary activities
 Industrial revolution and manufacturing industries
 Tertiary activities
o Trade and service functions
o Transport systems.
 Regional inequalities, sustainable development and poverty alleviation
 Impacts of Globalization
Books Recommended
1. Alnwick, H, (1981), Geography of Commodities, Harrap London.
2. Harthorn, T.A and Alexander, J.W. (1998), Economic Geography. Today. , New Delhi.
3. Hartshorne T.A. & Alexander J.W. (1988), Economic Geography, Prentice Hall, Inc.
Englewood Cliffs, New York.
4. Jarrett, H.R. (1969), Geography of Manufacturing, MacDonald & Evans Ltd. London.
5. Jones, C.F. & Darken (1965), Economic Geography, Macmillan New York.
6. Khan F.K. (1998), An Introduction to Economic Geography. Saleem Publishing house,
Karachi.
7. Luckas. M.R. (1991), Economic Activity., Longman group UK Limited
8. Norman P. (1981), Success in Economic Geography , John Murray (publishers) Ltd
9. Paul Knox & John Agnew (1994), The Geography of the World Economy. , Edward
Arnold, London.
10. Sadhukhan, S.K. (1986), Economic Geography, An Appraisal of Resources, S.
Chand and Company Ltd. New Delhi.

65
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
11. Smith, J.R. M.O.Phillips&T.S.Smith (1961), Industrial and Commercial
Geography. Hott, Rinehart and Winston, New York.
12. Thoman, Conklin & Yeats (1988), The Geography of Economic Activity, McGraw-Hill
Book Company, New York, Inc
13. Thomes, R.S. & R.J. Hagget (1980), Models in Geography. Harper and Row Publishers
London.
14. Truman A. Hartshorn&JhonW.Alexander (1992), Economic Geography. Prentice-Hall of
India.
15. Williams. T.R. (1991), Economic Geography., Longman group, New York
16. Pakistan Geographical Review (Lahore)
17. Pakistan Journal of Geography (Peshawar)
18. Journal Geography (Karachi)
19. HEC Digital Library

66
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Major-V (Settlement Geography)
Course Code: GEOG02604 CH 3(2+1)

Objective

 To explain the process of the formation and development of human settlements

 To prepare students understanding the processes of urbanization and
morphology of cities and towns.
 The application of different theories of settlement and urban structure to equip
the students with knowledge to tackle with contemporary problems of
urbanization and human settlement.

Course Outline

 Significance of settlement geography, Basic definition: Historical evolution of

urban settlements, western and non-western urbanization rural-urban fringe,
suburbs, satellites
 Hierarchy and types of settlement, Location, site and situation
 Rural settlements: Dispersed settlements, nucleated and ribbon settlements,
contrasts in each between industrialized and developing countries.
 Economic base, urban function and functional classification
 Internal structure of the cities and land use pattern
 Urban structure theories: Concentric Zone theory, Multiple Nuclei theory, and
Sector theory. Social area analysis,
 Urban development: slums and blighted areas.
 City-size, distribution, rank-size rule, primate city
 Towns and villages as central places
 Forms and patterns of settlements, house types and their evolution in rural areas
 Commercial functions of rural settlements and their role as a market town
 Infrastructure and services in rural settlements.
Books Recommended
1. Chisholm, M. (1982), Rural Settlements and Land use, Hutchinson University Library,
London.
2. Chisholm, M. (1968), Rural settlement and Land use: An Essay in Location. Hutchinson.
3. Gerald Breese (1966), Urbanization in Newly Developing Countries. Prentice-Hall.
London.
4. Hagget, P. (1979), Geography: A Modern Synthesis, Happer International
5. Hudson, F.S. (1970), A Geography of Settlement. Macdonald & Evans, London.
6. Knapp, B. (1986), Systematic Geography, Allen & Unwin, London.
7. Lewis, C.P. Mitchel-Fox & C. Dyer (2001), Village, Hamlet and Field: Changing
Medieval Settlements in Central England. Windgather Press.
8. Mayer. H.M. & Kohn C.F, (1959), Readings in Urban Geography, University of Chicago
Press.
67
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
9. MichailPociane, (2002), Urban Geography. A global prospective, , Rutledge 29 West
Word 35th New York NY
10. Murphy, R.E. (1966), The American City: An Urban Geography. McGraw-Hill. New York.
11. Neuwirth, R. (2004), Shadow Cities: A Billion Squatters, A New Urban World, Rutledge
12. Rennie, J. & P. Short. (1992), Human Settlement (Illustrated Encyclopaedia of
World Geography, Oxford University Press.
13. Robert, Brain K. (1996), Landscapes of Settlements: Prehistory to present. , London
Rutledge
14. UNDP, (1996), Living in Asian Cities., ST/ESCAP/1660 United Nations, New York
15. United Nation Centre Of Human Settlement (1996), An Urbanizing World: Global
Report on Human Settlements. Oxford University Press.
16. Pakistan Geographical Review (Lahore)
17. Pakistan Journal of Geography (Peshawar)
18. Journal Geography (Karachi)
19. HEC Digital Library

68
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Major-VI (Oceanography)
Course Code: GEOG02605 CH 4(3+1)

Objective
To make students understand and recognize different types of landforms; the formation
and modification of landforms. To explain the different geomorphic processes.

Course Outline

 Introduction to key geomorphic concepts, Geological time scale,

 Factors of landform development and geomorphic processes; Endogenic and
Exogenic extra terrestrial
 Weathering and mass wasting: their geomorphic significance.
 Fluvial geomorphic cycle, valley development; classification of valleys; drainage
patterns and texture; landforms by surface runoff
 Glaciers and their topographic effects: types and regimes of glaciers, major
features resulting from glacial erosion and deposition, glacio-lacustrine and
glacio-fluvitile features.
 Eolian landforms: creation and modification of landforms, arid erosion cycle.
 Groundwater morphology, including aquifer, porosity and permeability.
 Karst topography: processes and associated landforms.
 Coastal geomorphology: erosional and depositional features created by sea waves.
 Soil development: factors of soil formation, soil profile, texture and structure.
Laboratory Work

Lab work may be conducted Soil, rocks and water analysis where relevant material is
readily available. Geomorphlogical profiles, use of aerial photo and Remote sensing
techniques for the interpretation of landforms and geomorphic features.

Field Studies

Recommended in depth geomorphologic study and field trips to any accessible area.

Books Recommended
1. Burbank, D.W.& R.S. Anderson (2001), Tectonic Geomorphology: A Frontier in
Earth Science, Blackwell Science
2. Clarke, (1958), The Study of Soils. Oxford University Press.
3. Dury, G.H. (1960), The Face of the Earth. Penguin Books. London.
4. Hugget, R.J. (2002), Fundamentals of Geomorphology, Routledge
5. King, CAM (1966), Techniques in Geomorphology. Edward London.

69
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
6. Leopold, L.B., M.G. Wolman & J.P. Miller (1995), Fluvial Processes in
Geomorphology, Dover Publications.
7. Martini, I.P. et al. (2001), Glacial Geomorphology and Geology, Prentice Hall.
8. Ritter, D.F., R.C. Kochel& J.R. Miller (2001), Process Geomorphology., McGraw-Hill
9. Russels, (1959), The World of Soils. Collins Books London
10. Spark, B.W. (1986), Geomorphology, Longmans. London /New York
11. Summerfield, M. (1996), Global Geomorphology. Prentice Hall.
12. Thornbury, W.D. (1969), Principles of Geomorphology. John Wiley & Sons. London
13. Wooldridge, S.W. & R.S. Morgan (1959), An Outline of Geomorphology: The
Physical Basis of Geography. Longmans. London /New York.
14. Pakistan Geographical Review (Lahore)
15. Pakistan Journal of Geography (Peshawar)
16. Journal Geography (Karachi)
17. HEC Digital Library

70
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
BS International Relations
Cloud Computing

71
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

Course Name: Human Computer Interaction Credit Hours: 3

Prerequisites: None
Course Outline:
The human and the computer and their interaction, Human psychology and ergonomics, Interaction Paradigms,
Interaction design basics, HCI in the software process, Design rules, Implementation support, Evaluation
techniques, Universal design, User support, ,Cognitive models, Socio-organizational issues and stakeholder
requirements, Communication and collaboration models, Task analysis, Dialog notations and design , Models
of the system, Modeling rich interaction, Groupware, Ubiquitous computing and augmented realities
Reference Materials:
1. Human-Computer Interaction by Alan Dix, Janet E. Finlay, Gregory D. Abowd, Russell Beale, Prentice Hall;
3rd Edition (December 20, 2003). ISBN-10: 0130461091
2. Human-Computer Interaction: Concepts And Design by J. Preece, Y. Rogers, H. Sharp, D. Benyon, S.
Holland, T. Carey, Addison Wesley; 1st Edition (April 30, 1994). ISBN-10: 0201627698.
3. Human-Computer Interaction Handbook: Fundamentals, Evolving Technologies, and Emerging
Applications by Julie A. Jacko, CRC Press; 3 Edition (May 4, 2012). ISBN-10: 1439829438
4. Interaction Design: Beyond Human - Computer Interaction by Yvonne Rogers, Helen Sharp, and Jenny Preece,
Wiley; 3rd Edition (June 15, 2011). ISBN-10: 0470665769
5. Designing with the Mind in Mind: Simple Guide to Understanding User Interface Design Rules by Jeff
Johnson, Morgan Kaufmann; 1st Edition (June 3, 2010). ISBN-10: 012375030X.

72
The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

73
The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

74
The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

75
The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

76
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Professional Practice
Professional Practices

Credit Hours: 3 Course Code: ENGL-4118 Prerequisites: None

Course Learning Outcomes (CLOs):

*
At the end of the course, the students will be able to: Domain BT Level
1. Knowledge of the cultural sector in Pakistan to develop an appropriately
C 1
targeted package of professional promotional material.
2. Describe the decision making processes and self-management strategies
C 2
leading to professional outcomes.
3. Demonstrate a critical understanding of the moral, legal and
C 3
professional framework of the Art, Craft and Design sector.
4. Analyze and discuss key characteristics and emerging issues of global
C 4
practice in media and communication contexts.
*
BT= Bloom’s Taxonomy, C=Cognitive Domain, P=Psychomotor Domain, A=Affective Domain

Course Contents:
Computing Profession, Computing Ethics, Philosophy of Ethics. The Structure of Organizations, Finance and
Accounting, Anatomy of a Software House, Computer Contracts, Intellectual Property Rights, The
Framework of Employee Relations Law and Changing Management Practices, Human Resource
Management and IT, Health and Safety at Work, Software Liability, Liability and Practice, Computer Misuse
and the CriminalLaw, Regulation and Control of Personal Information. Overview of the British Computer Society
Code of Conduct, IEEE Code of Ethics, ACM Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct, ACM/IEEE Software
Engineering Code of
Ethics and Professional Practice. Accountability and Auditing, Social Application of Ethics.
Teaching Methodology:
Lectures, Written Assignments, Practical labs, Semester Project, Presentations.
Course Assessment:
Mid Term Exam, Home Assignments, Quizzes, Project, Presentations, Final Exam.
Reference Material:
1. Technical Report Writingby Pauley and Riordan, Houghton Mifflin Company; 8 Edition, 2002.
th

ISBN -10: 0618140166, ISBN - 13: 9780618140169

2. Effective Technical Communication by Ashraf Rizvi, Tata McGraw-Hill; 3
rd
Edition, 2005.
ISBN-10:1259082512, ISBN-13: 9781259082511

77
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

BS Islamic Studies
Ulum al-hadith

78
The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

79
The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

80
The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

81
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Textual Study of Muslim Family Laws (M-3)

82
The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

83
The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

84
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Textual Study of Al-Qur’an-Majeed –II (M2)

85
The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

86
The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

87
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
The Ethics of Disagreement in Islam (M-6)

88
The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

89
The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

90
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

Comparative Study of World Religions (M-7)

91
The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

92
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Textual Study of al Fiqh al Akbar (M-14)

93
The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

94
The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

95
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
BS Mathematics
Complex Analysis
Credit Hours: 03

Course Outlines:
Introduction: The algebra of complex numbers, geometric representation of complex
numbers, powers and roots of complex numbers. Functions of complex variables: Limit
and continuity, branches of functions, differentiable and analytic functions, Cauchy-
Riemann equations, entire function, harmonic functions, elementary functions,
exponential, trigonometric hyperbolic, logarithmic and inverse elementary functions,
open mapping theorem, complex integrals, contours and contour integrals, Cauchy-
Goursat theorem, Cauchy integral formula, Liouville’s theorem, Morera’s theorem,
singularities, poles and residues, types of singular points, contour integration, Cauchy’s
residue theorem with applications, mobius transforms, conformal mappings and
transformations.

Prescribed Books:

1) R. V. Churchill, J. W. Brown, Complex Variables and Applications, 5th Edition,

McGraw Hill, New York (2012)
2) S. Lang, Complex Analysis, Springer-Verlag (2011)
3) R. Remmert, Theory of Complex Functions, Springer-Verlag (2011)
4) W. Rudin, Real and Complex Analysis, McGraw-Hill (2012)

96
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Advanced Real Analysis
Credit Hours: 03

Course Outlines:
The Riemann-Stieltjes integrals: Existence of integrals, properties of integrals,
fundamental theorem of calculus and its applications, change of variable theorem,
integration by parts.Functions of bounded variation: Properties of functions of bounded
variation.Improper integrals: Types of improper integrals, tests for convergence of
improper integrals, beta and gamma functions, absolute and conditional convergence of
improper integrals.Sequences and series of functions: Power series, point-wise and
uniform convergence, uniform convergence and continuity, uniform convergence and
differentiation, examples of uniform convergence.

Prescribed Books:

1) W. Rudin, Principles of Mathematical Analysis, 3rd Ed., McGraw-Hill (2012)

2) K. R. Davidson and A. P. Donsig, Real Analysis with Real Applications, Prentice
Hall Inc., Upper Saddle River (2011)
3) G. B. Folland, Real Analysis, 2nd Edition, John Wiley and Sons, New York (2012)
4) E. Hewitt and K. Stromberg, Real and Abstract Analysis, Springer-Verlag,
Berlin Heidelberg, New York (2011)
5) H. L. Royden, Real Analysis, 3rd Edition, Mac Millan, New York (2010)

97
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Classical Mechanics
Credit Hours: 03

Course Outlines:
Kinetics: Work, power, kinetic energy, conservative force fields, conservation of energy,
impulse, torque, conservation of linear and angular momentum, non-conservative
forces. Simple harmonic motion: The simple harmonic oscillator, period, frequency,
resonance and energy, the damped harmonic oscillator, over damped, critically damped
and under damped, motion, forces and vibrations.Central forces and planetary motion:
Central force fields, equations of motion, potential energy, orbits, Kepler’s law of
planetary motion, apsides and apsidal angles for nearly circular orbits, motion in an
inverse square field, planer motion of rigid bodies, introduction to rigid and elastic
bodies, degree of freedom, translations, rotations, instantaneous axis and centre of
rotation, motion of the centre of mass, Euler’s theorem and Chasle’s theorem, rotation of a
rigid body about a fixed axis, moments and products of inertia, parallel and
perpendicular axis theorem. Motion of rigid bodies in three dimensions: General motion
of rigid bodies in space, the momental ellipsoid and equimomental systems, angular
momentum vector and rotational kinetic energy, principal axes and principal moments of
inertia, determination of principal axes by diagonalizing the inertia matrix.

Prescribed Books:

1) E. Di Benedetto, Classical Mechanics. Theory and Mathematical Modeling,

ISBN: 978-0- 8176-4526-7, Birkhauser Boston (2011)
2) John R. Taylor, Classical Mechanics, ISBN: 978-1-891389-22-1, University of
Colorado (2012)
3) H. Goldstein, Classical Mechanics, Addison-Wesley Publishing Co. (2010)
4) M. R. Spiegel, Theoretical Mechanics, 3rd Edition, Addison-Wesley Publishing
Company (2010)
5) G. R. Fowles and G. L. Cassiday, Analytical Mechanics, 7th Edition,
Thomson Brooks/COLE, USA (2011)

98
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Algebraic Number Theory
Credit Hours: 03
Course Outlines:

Preliminaries: Well-ordering principle, principle of finite induction.Divisibility theory: The

division algorithms, basis representation theorem, prime and composite numbers,
canonical decomposition, the greatest common divisor, the Euclidean algorithm, the
fundamental theorem of arithmetic, least common multiple. Linear Diophantine
equations: Congruencies, linear congruencies, system of linear congruencies, the
Chinese remainder theorem, divisibility tests, solving polynomial congruencies, Fermat's
and Euler's theorems, Wilson's theorem.Arithmetic functions: Euler's phi-function, the
functions of J and sigma, the mobius function, the sieve of Eratosthenes, perfect
numbers, Fermat and Mersenne primes. Primitive roots and indices: The order of an
integer mod n, primitive roots for primes, composite numbers having primitive
roots.Quadratic residues: Legendre symbols and its properties, the quadratic reciprocity
law, quadratic congruencies with composite moduli, Pythagorean triples, representing
numbers as sum of two squares.

Prescribed Books:

1) D. M. Burton, Elementary Number Theory, McGraw-Hill (2010)

2) W. J. Leveque, Topics in Number Theory, Vols. I and II, Addison- Wesley (2013)
3) S. B. Malik, Basic Number Theory, Vikas Publishing House (2011)
4) K. H. Rosen, Elementary Number Theory and its Applications, 5th Edition,
Addison Wesley (2012)
5) I. Niven, H.S. Zuckerman, H.L. Montgomery, An Introduction to the Theory of
Numbers, John Wiley and Sons (2000)

99
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Partial Differential Equations
Credit Hours: 03
Course Outlines:

First order PDEs: Introduction, formation of PDEs, solutions of PDEs of first order, Cauchy’s
problem for quasi-linear first order PDEs, first order nonlinear equations, special types
of first order equations. Second order PDEs: Basic concepts and definitions,
mathematical problems, linear operators, superposition, mathematical models, classical
equations, the vibrating string, the vibrating membrane, conduction of heat through
solids, canonical forms and variable, PDEs of second order in two independent variables
with constant and variable coefficients, Cauchy’s problem for second order PDEs in two
independent variables. Methods of separation of variables: Solutions of elliptic, parabolic
and hyperbolic PDEs in cartesian and cylindrical coordinates. Laplace transform:
Introduction and properties of Laplace transform, transforms of elementary functions,
periodic functions, error function and Dirac delta function, inverse Laplace transform,
convolution theorem, solution of PDEs by Laplace transform, diffusion and wave
equations. Fourier transforms: Fourier integral representation, Fourier sine and cosine
representation, Fourier transform pair, transform of elementary functions and Dirac delta
function, finite Fourier transforms, solutions of heat, wave and Laplace equations by
Fourier transforms.

Prescribed Books:

1) U.T. Myint, Partial Differential Equations for Scientists and Engineers, 3rd Edition, North
Holland, Amsterdam (2000)
2) D. G. Zill and R. Michael Cullen, Differential Equations with Boundary Value
Problems, Brooks/Cole (2012)
3) John Polking, Al Boggess, Differential Equations with Boundary Value Problems, 2nd
Edition, Pearson, July 28 (2010)
4) J. Wloka, Partial Differential Equations, Cambridge University Press (2000)
5) R. Haberma, Elementary Applied Partial Differential Equations, Prentice Hall (2009)

100
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Linear Algebra
Credit Hours: 03
Course Outlines:

Vector spaces: Subspaces, linear combination and spanning set, linearly independent
sets, finitely generated vector spaces, bases and dimension of a vector space,
operations on subspaces, intersections, sums and direct sums of subspaces, quotient
spaces. Linear mappings: Kernel and image of a linear mapping, rank and nullity,
reflections, projections and homotheties, change of basis, eigenvalues and
eigenvectors, theorem of Hamilton-Cayley. Inner product spaces: Projection, Cauchy
inequality, orthogonal and orthonormal basis, Gram Schmidt process, diagonalization.

Prescribed Books:

1) Ch. W. Curtis, Linear Algebra, Springer (2010)

2) T. Apostol, Multi Variable Calculus and Linear Algebra, 2nd Edition, John
Wileyand Sons (2000)
3) H. Anton, C. Rorres , Elementary Linear Algebra: Applications Version, 10 th
Edition, John Wiley and Sons (2010)
4) S. Friedberg, A. Insel, Linear Algebra, 4th Edition, Pearson Education, Canada (2012)
5) S. I. Grossman, Elementary Linear Algebra, 5th Edition, Cengage Learning (2011)

101
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
BS Physical Education
Research Methodology in Physical Education

102
The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

103
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Test, Measurement & Evaluation in Physical Education & Sports

104
The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

105
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Sports Sociology

106
The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

107
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Sports-Mechanics (Foundation-5)

108
The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

109
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Games Practical (Table Tennis)

110
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Netball for Girls/Swimming for Boys (Practical)

111
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
BS Physics
Mathematical Methods-II

112
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Thermal & Statistical Physics

113
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Computational Physics

114
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Physics Lab-VI
Phy-01604 PHYSICS LAB- VI 2 C.H.

1. Solar cell experiments.

2. Determination of e/m of electron using fine beam tube.

3. Estimation of carrier concentration of n-Germanium crystal by Hall Effect measurement.

4. Determination of Hall-coefficient of n-Germanium crystal.

5. Study of the Zeeman Effect.

6. Study of electron diffraction.

7. Measurement of charge of electron by Millikan’s oil drop method.

8. Measurement of excitation potential of mercury (Frank-Hertz Experiment).

9. Measurement of half-life of radio nuclide.

NOTE: Six experiments is the minimum requirement.

115
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Electronics-II

116
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Fundamentals of Mechanics

117
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
BS Political Science
Dynamics of Politics in Pakistan

6133
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Muslim Political Philosophy

6134
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Developmental Politics

6135
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Western Political Philosophy

6136
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Research Methodology

6137
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
BS Psychology
Counseling & Educational Psychology

6138
The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

6139
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Health Psychology

6140
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Forensic Psychology

6141
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Environmental Psychology

6142
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Organizational & Consumer Psychology

6143
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
BS Statistics

Probability and Probability Distributions-II

Probability distributions: Uniform, Exponential, Gamma, Laplace, Rayleigh with moments and
cumulates Distributions functions of random variables; Chi-square, t and F distributions and their
derivations and properties. Central limit and Chebyshev's theorems and other inequalities.
Weak and strong Laws and their applications. Order statistics. Distributions of rth and sth order
statistics. Bivariate Normal distribution.

Pre-Requisite: STAT-01501 & STAT-

01502 Books Recommended
1. Lefebvre, M. (2009), Basic Probability Theory with application, Springer
2. A`SH, R.B. (2008) Basic Probability Theory Dover Publications INC. New York.
3. TIGMS, H. (2007) Understanding Probability, 2nd Edition, Cambridge University Press.
4. SCHAY, G. (2007), Introduction to Probability with Statistics Applications, Birkhauser
Boston (New York)
5. Suhov, Y. and KELBERT, M. (2005), Probability Statistics, Cambridge University Press.
6. Fraser, D. A. S. (1976), Probability and Statistics: Theory and Applications,
Duxbury Press, Massachusetts.
7. Johnson, N. L., et al (1994), Continuous Univariate distributions – Vol. 2, Wiley.
8. Wilks, S. S. (1963), Mathematical Statistics, Wiley
9. Stuart A. and Ord J. K. (1991), Kendall’s Advanced Theory of Mathematical Statistics –
Vol I, Charles Griffen and Co., London
10. Kotz, S., Balakrishnan, N. and Johnson, N. L. (2000), Continuous Multivariate
Distributions – Volume 1, Models and Applications, 2nd Ed., Wiley
11. Ross, S. M. (2002), Introduction to Probability Models, Eighth Edition, Academic Press.
12. Ross, S. M. (2005), A First Course in Probability, Prentice Hall

6144
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Sampling Techniques-II
Cluster Sampling, Sub sampling, PPS-Sampling. Double Sampling, Multistage and
Multiphase sampling. Thomson Hurwitz estimator. Comparison of different sample
designs. Sampling and non sampling errors and their sources. non-response, their
sources and bias. Randomized response. Critical study of National sample surveys
conducted in Pakistan: Census of Agriculture, Household Income and Expenditure
Survey (HIES), Pakistan Demographic Survey (PDS) and National Population and
Housing Census and Surveys (NPHCS).

Pre-Requisite: STAT-01503 & STAT-

01504 Books Recommended

1. Des Raj & Chandhok, P. (1998) Sample Survey Theory. Narosa Publishing
House, New Delhi.
2. Ferguson, T.S. (1996) A Course in Large Sample Theory, Chapman & Hall, London.
3. Singh, R. and Singh N, (1996) Elements of Survey Sampling, Kulwar, Dodrecht.
4. Kish, L. (1992) Survey Sampling, John Wiley, New York.
5. Sukhatme, P.V, Sukhatme, B., Sukhatme, S., and Asok, A. (1985) Sampling
Theory of Survey with Application. Iowa State University Press.
6. Cochran, W.G. (1977) Sampling Techniques, John Wiley and Sons, 3rd ed, New
York.
7. Des Raj, (1971) Design of Sample Survey. McGraw Hill, New York.
8. Various publications of FBS, ACO and PCO.

6145
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Econometrics
Errors in Variables. Problems of autocorrelation, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity and
their solution. Ridge regression. Lagged variables. Dummy variables. System of
simultaneous linear equations, Identification-Estimation method, indirect and two-stage
least squares methods, restricted least squares. Test of identifying restrictions.
Estimation with stochastic regressor, generalized least squares estimators.

Books Recommended

1. Greene, W.H. (2011) Econometric Analysis 7th Edition, Patentice Hall.

2. Stock, J.H and Watson., M.W. (2010). Introduction to Econometrics. 3rd Edition-
Addison- Wesley.
3. Gujarati, D.N. (2010) Econometrics by Example. Palgrave Macrnittan,, New Yark.
4. Bingham, N.H and Fry, J.M. (2010) Regression. Springer, New York.
5. Yan, X and Su, X.G. (2009) Linear Regression analysis. World Science Co,
Singapore.
6. Wooldridge, J.M. (2008) Introductory Econometrics. 4th Edition. South Western
College Publishers.
7. Chatlerjee, S. , Hadi, A.S and Price, B. (2006) Regression analysis by Example.
3rd Edition. Wiley, New York
8. Wesberg, S. (2005). Applied Linear regression. 2nd edition Wiley, New York.
9. Annette J. Dobson. (2001). An Introduction to Generalized Linear Models.
Text in Statistical Science.
10. Christensen, J. (2002). Advanced Linear Modeling. Springer Texts in Statistics
11. Draper, N.R. and Smith, H (2004). Applied Regression Analysis. John Wiley and
Sons.
12. Gujrati. D. (2003). Econometrics, John Wiley, New York.
13. Harrell, F. E. (2003). Regression Modeling Strategies. Springer Texts in Statistics.

6146
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Designs and Analysis of Experiments-II
Factorial Experiments: 2k, 3k series and mixed level factorial experiments and their
analyses. Confounding in factorial experiments, Complete and partial confounding,
Confounding in Fractional replications, Quasi-Latin square designs. Split-plot, split block,
split-split plot, strip plot and nested designs. Missing observations in Split plot design.
Incomplete block designs: BIBD - Lattice designs, lattice square and Youden squares,
PBIBD with recovery of intra-block information. Introduction of response surface
methods: First and Second order designs. Central composite designs. Fitting of
response surface models and estimation of optimum/maximum response.

Pre-Requisite: STAT-01505 & STAT-

01506 Books Recommended

1 Montgomery, D.C. (2010) Design and Analysis of experiments, 7th edition, Wiley,
New York.
2 Ryan, T.P. (2007). Modern Experimental designs. Wiley, New York.
3 HinKelmann, K. and Kempthorne, D. (2005) Design and analysis of experiments,
Wiley. New York.
4 Dean A. and Voss, D. (1998) Design and Analysis of Experiments. Springer, New
York.
5 Myres, R.H. and Montgomery, D.C. (1995), Response Surface Methodology:
Process and Product Optimization using Designed Experiments, John Wiley and
Sons.
6 Montgomery D.C. (2000). Design and Analysis of Experiments, John Wiley, NY.
7 Clarke, G.M., and Kempton, R.E. (1997), Introduction to the Design &
Analysis of Experiments, Edward Arnold.
8 Myers, R.H. and Montgomery, D.C. (1995). Response Surface Methodology;
Process & Product Optimization using design, John Wiley.
9 Harold, R. L (1992) Analysis of Variance in Experimental Design. Springer Verlag:
10 Khuri, A. I. and Cornell, J. A. (2001) Response Surfaces; design and Analysis,
2nd ed, CRC Press, USA.

6147
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Population Studies
The population and housing census Registration of vital events. Demographic surveys.
Components of population growth, composition of population and vital events. Types
and sources of errors. General testing procedures. Testing the accuracy of age and sex
data. Fertility and mortality measures. Total and general fertility rates. Estimation from
incomplete Data. Construction of complete and abridged life tables. Different types of
life tables. Graphs of Ix, qx and ex. Description and uses of life table columns.
Stationary population models. Population estimates and projections, Intercensual
estimates, Population projections through various methods. Theory of demographic
transition. Stable and stationary population models, their applications and uses.
Malthusian and post Malthusian theories of growth.

Consequences of world population growth & population explosion. State of Population

in Pakistan. Development of demographic profile in Pakistan. Recent demographic
parameters. Current and future demographic activities in Pakistan.

Books Recommended

1. Jay Weinstein, Vijayan, K. Pillai, (2001) “Demography: The Science of

Population”. Allyn & Bacon.
2. Hind, A., (1998). “Demographic Method”, Arnold
3. United Nations (1998), “World Population Assessment”, UNFPA; New York.
4. Govt. of Pakistan (1998), National, Provincial and District census reports
and other supplementary reports with respect to 1998 census; PCO,
Islamabad.
5. United Nations (1996), “Added years of Life in Asia”, ESCAP; U.N., Thailand.
6. Palmore, J.A; Gardner, R.W. (1994), “Measuring Mortality Increase”; East West
Centre, Honolulu.
7. Bogue, D.J. Arriagu, E.E., Anderson, D.L. (1993), “Readings in Population
Research Methodology”, Vol. I-VIII, United Nations Fund; Social
Development Centre, Chicago.
8. Impagliazo, J. (1993), Deterministic Aspects of Mathematical Demography,
Springer Verlag New York.
9. United Nations (1990), “World Population Monitoring 1989”, UNFPA.
10. Rukanuddin A.R. and Farooqi, M.N.I.., (1988), “The State of Population in
Pakistan – 1987”, NIPS, Islamabad.
11. Keyfitz, N. (1983) “Applied Mathematical Demography”, Springer Verlag N.Y.
12. Pollard, A.H., Yousaf, F & Pollard, G.M. (1982), “Demographic Techniques”,
Pergamon Press, Sydney.
13. Pakistan Demographic Survey, Govt. of Pakistan, Federal Bureau of
Statistics. Publications of population census organizations.

6148
The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
BS Urdu
‫جدید اردو غزل‬

6149
The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
II -‫تاریخ ادب ا ُ ردو‬

6150
The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
‫اسالیب نثر اردو‬

6151
The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
II-‫اُ ردو ناول‬

6152
The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
‫مشرقی تناظر‬:‫تنقید‬

6153
The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
‫اردو صحافت و رسائل و جرائد‬

6154
The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
‫غالب کا خصوصی مطالعہ‬

6155
The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
‫بہاولپور میں اردو ادب کی روایت‬

6156
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

BS Zoology
Genetics
Introduction to genetics, History, multiple alleles, lethal alleles, genetics of blood
group, variations on dominance, penetrance and expressivity. Interaction of genes,
chromosomal changes (euploidy, aneuploidy, structural changes). Gene mutation:
somatic versus germinal mutation, mutation types, the occurrence of mutation.
Mutagens in the genetic disorders (genetic diseases and disorders), Molecular genetics:
analysis and techniques of molecular genetics, genetic basis of cancer. The nature of
gene: how genes work, gene-protein relationship, gene fine structure, mutational sites,
complementation. Linkage-I: Linkage of genes on the X chromosome (sex linked
inheritance and sex- determination). Linkage II: Test cross inheritance, single, double
and three point test crosses linkage maps, interference and accurate. Analysis of single
meioses, mitotic segregation and recombination. Gene frequencies.

Practical:
4. Numerical problems
c) Arrangement of genetic material:
iii. Gene mapping in diploid
iv. Recombination in Fungi.
d) Population Genetics:
iii. Gene frequencies and equilibrium.
iv. Changes in gene frequencies.
5. Drosophila
iii. Culture technique
iv. Plant chromosomes.
6. Fungal genetics.
ii. Sacchromyces culture techniques and study.

Recommended Books:
4. Edward, S. T., Connor, M. Smith, M. F. 2011. Essential Medical Genetics.
Cambridge University Press.
5. Hemming, D. 2011. Plant Sciences Reviews 2010. Wageningen Academic
Publisher.
1. Suzanne, B. C., Judith E. A. 2010. Management of Genetic Syndromes. Kluwer
Academic, New York.

6157
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Biochemistry –II
Vitamins and cofactors: occurrence, structure and biochemical function of vitamins B
complex group.
Metabolism: detailed description of glycolysis and catabolism of other hexoses;
regulation and bioenergetics of glycolysis. Anabolic role of glycolysis; fate of pyruvate
under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, lactate, acetyl CoA and ethanol formation;
alcoholic fermentation; gluconeogenesis, its regulation and significance in the tissues;
feeder pathways in glycolysis; utilization of other carbohydrates in glycolysis
phosphorolysis and starch; regulation of glycogen metabolism.
Citric acid (TCA) cycle: conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA, pyruvate
dehydrogenase, a multi- enzyme complex; detailed description of citric acid cycle;
bioenergetics and conservation of energy produced in the cycle. Anabolic or
biosynthetic role of citric acid cycle intermediates; replenishing
Nucleic Acid: Replication of DNA, Reverse transcriptase. Biosyntheses of DNA and
RNA. Components of protein synthesis, Genetic code. Steps of Protein synthesis:
initiation, elongation and termination.
Practicals
1. Determination of pKa values of an amino acid by preparation of titration curves.
2. Biochemical tests for detection of different amino acids.
3. Separation of various protein fractions by precipitation method.
4. Demonstration of differential solubility of lipids in various solvents.
5. Quantitative analysis of phospholipids by estimation of inorganic phosphorous.
6. Quantitative analysis of Amylase activity from blood serum or liver.
7. Study on the effect of temperature on the enzymatic rate of reaction
Books Recommended
1. Nelson, D. L., Cox, M. M. 2012. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry. McMillan
worth Publishers, New York.
2. Berg, J. M., Tymoczko,J. L.,Lubert Stryer. 2010. Biochemistry. 7 TH Ed.
3. Lodish, H., Berk, A., Zipursky, S. L., Paul. M., Baltimore D.,Darnell, J. 2012.
Molecular Cell Biology.
4. McKee, T., McKee, J.R. 2003.Biochemistry: The Molecular Basis of Life. 3rd Edition,
McGraw Hill.
5. Wilson, K., Walker, J. 1994.Practical Biochemistry: Principles and Techniques,
4th Ed., Cambridge University Press.

6158
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Animal Ecology
An overview of the concepts of ecosystem with emphasis on interaction and
homeostasis. Basic global ecosystems (atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere and
ecosphere). Biogeochemical cycles: nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, water, carbon
nutrient. Limiting factors; basic concepts, temperature, soil, water and humidity, light
and fire. Energy: laws of thermodynamics, primary and secondary productions, trophic
levels and energy variation with increasing trophic levels, energy flow, food chains and
food web. Population ecology; basic population characters, growth and growth curves,
population dynamics and regulations. Community ecology: basic concepts, community
analysis, ecotones, inter-population interactions. Ecological niche, basic concepts and
types. An overview of the major biomes of the world. Applied Ecology.
Practical
Measurement of environmental factors on land, water and air. Study of different
ecosystems, viz. pond, agricultural, grassland and forest. Community analysis through
different sampling techniques viz. quadrat, and transect methods. Population dynamics
of grasshoppers. Adaptive features of animals in relation to food and environment. Food
chain studies through analysis of gut contents

Recommended Books:
1. Moles, M.C. 2002. Ecology: Concepts and Applications. McGraw Hill, Boston.
2. Dodson, S.I., Allen, T.F.N., Carpenter, S.R., Ives, A., Jeanne, R.L., Kitchell, J.F.,
Langston,
N.E. and Turner, M.G. 1998. Ecology. Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford.
3. Smith, R.L. 1996. Ecology and Field Biology. Harper and Rowe Inc., N.York.
4. Odum, E.P.,1994. Fundamentals of Ecology (3rd ed.). W.B. Saunders, N. Jersey .
5. Singby, D., and Cork, D. 1986. Practical Ecology. McMillan Education Ltd., London

6159
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Introduction to Entomology
General characteristics of insects. Relationship with other Arthropods, splitting up into
different evolutionary lines, Reasons for success of the insects in diverse environments.
Hard Parts: General segmentation, tagmatosis and organization.
Cuticle: Detailed structure along with its biochemistry. Epidermal layer; its structure and
function. Basement membrane. Colors of insects. cuticular outgrowths and appendages
sclerotization.
Head: cephalization, sclerites, modifications.
Antennae: Different modes of ingestion and types of mouth parts.
Neck: Sclerites.
Thorax: Sclerites: legs, their different modifications and functions.
Wings: Origin; Different regions. Development and basal attachments, main veins and
their branches (generalized insects), wing coupling.
Abdomen: Secondary appendages and external genitalia, Flight; types of flight.
Aerodynamics, fuels, endoskeleton; head, thorax and abdomen.
Soft Parts: Muscular system; basic structure, types of muscles; muscle contraction and
its energetics, comparative structure of all the systems, e.g., digestive, excretory,
respiratory, incubatory, and nervous system and their physiology.
Sense organs: sound and light producing organs.
Nutritive requirements: Fat body, exocrine and endocrine glands including
pheromones and their functions.
Reproduction: Reproductive organs and different types of reproduction in insects, egg
fertilization and maturation
Development: Embryology up to dorsal closure, different types of metamorphosis, apolysis
and ecdysis and the role of endocrine secretions.

Practical
Preparation of permanent slides. All the hard parts (antennae, mouth parts,
wings, legs, terminal segments and genitalia). Different systems, especially digestive,
reproductive of the following insects. American cockroach, Gryllus, grasshopper,
housefly, butterfly, mosquito, any common beetle. Red cotton bug. Wasp and honey bee.
Sympathetic nervous system of cockroach and gryllus. Salivary glands of cockroach, red
cotton bug and honey bee

Recommended Books:
1. RICHARDS, O. W. and DAVIES, R. G. Imm's General Textbook of Entomology.
th
Vol. 1, 10 Edition. 1977. Chapman & Hall, London,
2. Chapman, R.F. The Insects: Structure and Function, 2000. Blackwell Science Inc.,
London.
th
3. Wigglesworth, V. B. Insect Physiology 8 Edition. 1984. Springer Publisher.
4. Robert L. Patton. W. B. Insect Physiology. 1963. Saunders Co., Philadelphia.
5. Price, W. INSECT ECOLOGY. 1997. John Wiley & Sons.
th
6. Krebs, C. J. Ecology: The Experimental Analysist Abundance. 5 Edition. 2000.
Benjamin- Cummings Publishing Company.

6160
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
7. Tembhare, Db. Modern Entomology. 2002. Himalaya Publishing House. India.
8. Southhood, T.R.E. Ecological Methods. 1978. Chapman and Hall, London.
9. Yazdani, S.S., and Agarwal, M.L. Elements of Insect Ecology. 1997. Narosa
Publishing House. India.

6161
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Research Methodology
What is science, philosophy and theory. How to do science. Questions,
hypothesis, their types. Experimentation, validation, theories and laws. Research
Methods: planning research, Various research methods. Analyzing results, giving
reports, etc. Research process including: formulating research questions. Sampling
(probability and nonprobability). Measurement (surveys, scaling, qualitative,
unobtrusive). Research design (experimental and quasi- experimental). Data analysis.
Writing the research paper. The major theoretical and philosophical underpinnings of
research. The idea of validity in research; reliability of measures; and ethics.
Presentation related to the subject. Formulating research proposal and submission.
Recommended Books:

4. Flick, U. 2011. Introducing Research Methodology. Blackwell Publisher.

5. Francis, C. D. 2010. Evaluating Research Methodology. SAGE Publisher.
6. Shank, G. D. 2009. Qualitative research: a personal skills approach.
Upper River, S., Columbus, N. J. O., Prentice Hall: Merrill Prentice Hall.

6162
 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Arachnology
Course of Arachnolog will be completed during 16-weeks with 3 theory Lectures
and 1 Lab (practical) per week. Introduction to arachnology. Systematic classification
position of class Arachnid. Systematic classification position of class Arachnid.
Systematic classification position of class Arachnid. Characters of the Arachnide.
External and internal anatomy. External and internal anatomy. External and internal
anatomy. Mid-Term Examination. Life history of Arachnides. Life history of Arachnides.
Prey:Capturing. Defense mechanisms. Arachnide with relationship to man. Arachnide
families. Arachnide families. Arachnide families. Final-Term Examination.

Practical
Systematic. Collection. Preservation. Morphological characters of arachnida.
Anatomy of Arachnida. Anatomy of Arachnida. Anatomy of Arachnida. Writing
description of identifeid (Araneae)Arachnida. Preparation of identified specimen's slide.

Recommended Books:
1. Latest additions of books will be recommended from stock available in the main library
of the university.

6163