AIM
To determine resis vity of two wires by plo ng a graph for poten al difference
versus current.
APPARATUS
Two wires, A voltmeter, An ammeter, A rheostat, One- way key, A ba ery
eliminator, Connec ng wires etc.
OBSERVATIONS
1. Length of the wire (I)= L1 = ……… cm
2. Length of the wire (II)= L2 = ……… cm
3. Measurement of diameter of wires of unknown resistance
Least count of the screw gauge (L.C.) = ……… mm
Zero error of the screw gauge = ……… mm
Zero correc on of the screw gauge = ……… mm
Table for the diameter of the wire (I)
Table for the diameter of the wire (II)
4. Range of the ammeter = …...... ampere(A)
5. Range of the voltmeter = …...... volt(V)
6. Least count of ammeter = …...... A
7. Least count of voltmeter = …...... V
Table for ammeter and voltmeter readings
Unknown SL. No. Voltmeter Ammeter
resistance reading, V (volt) reading, I (A)
1.
2.
WIRE
3.
(I)
4.
5.
1.
2.
WIRE
3.
(II)
4.
5.
CALCULATIONS
1. Plot a graph between the poten al difference across the wire (V)
and the current (I) flowing through it as shown in Fig. E. 1.1.
2. Determine the slope of the graph. The resistance of the given wire
is then equal to the reciprocal of the slope.
From the graph R1 = = ……… Ω
From the graph R2 = = ……… Ω
Error
𝜟𝑹 𝜟𝑽 𝜟𝑰
= +
𝑹 𝑽 𝑰
Here, R is the resistance of wire and 𝛥𝑅 is the es mated error. 𝛥𝑉
and 𝛥𝐼 are the least count of voltmeter and ammeter respec vely.
𝜟𝑽 𝜟𝑰
𝚫R1= ( + ) R1 = …………. Ω
𝑽 𝑰
𝜟𝑽 𝜟𝑰
𝚫R2= ( 𝑽
+ 𝑰
) R2 = …………. Ω
3. Subs tu ng the values in 𝜌= R , calculate the value of 𝜌 in Ω-
cm.
Resis vity of wire (I) = 𝜌1 = ………… Ω-cm
Resis vity of wire (II) = 𝜌2 = ………… Ω-cm
Error
𝜟𝝆 𝜟𝑹 𝟐𝜟𝒓 𝜟𝑳
= + +
𝝆 𝑹 𝒓 𝑳
Here, Δr and ΔL are the least count of the measuring instruments
and ΔR is the obtained error.
𝛥𝜌1 = …………… Ω-cm
𝛥𝜌2 = …………… Ω-cm
RESULT
1. The poten al difference across the wires varies linearly with the
current.
2. a) The resistance of wire (I) is (R1±ΔR1) = ..……….. ± ………... Ω
b) The resistance of wire (II) is (R2±ΔR2) = ..……….. ± ………... Ω
3. a) The resis vity of wire (I) is (𝜌1±Δ 𝜌1) = ..……….. ± ………... Ω-cm
b) The resis vity of wire (II) is (𝜌2±Δ𝜌2) = ..……….. ± ………... Ω-cm
