©) studocu Logic Car Parking CounterFr 1s Green University of Bangladesh Department of Computer Science and Engineering (CSE) Semester: (Fall, Year: 2023), B.Sc. in CSE (Day) Logic Car Parking Counter Course Title:Digital Logic Design Lab Course Code:CSE 204 Section:223 D2 Students Details Name 1D Md Murshalin Muckdho 7223002071 ‘Sumaiya Jamal 223002075 Submission Date: 04-01-2024 Course Teacher’s Name: Montaser Abdul Quader [For teachers use only: Don’t write anything inside this box] Lab Project Status Marks: Signature: ‘Comments: Date: Inescemerriawereectromeon Gy studoct DDownloased by Nadeem Ahmed (a {otnaceemaContents 1 Introduction 11 Overview 1.2. Motivation 13. Problem Definition 13.1 13.2 Problem Statement ‘Complex Engineering Problem 1.4 Design Goals/Objectives LS. Application 151 152 153 154 Urban Parking Management ‘Shopping Malls, Airports, ‘Smart Cities 2 Design/Development/Implementation of the Project 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Project Details 2.21 2.2.2 2.23 2.24 2.25 2.26 2.27 2.28 229 2.2.10 2.2.11 Components Used 7404 Hex Inverter 4027 Dual IK Flip-Flop 7ALS83 4-bit Binary Full Adder 7448 BCD to 7-segment Decoder 7 SEG-COM-CAT-GREEN displays Buttons (Push) 12 Battery Jumper Wire LED Resistor Downloaded by Nadeem Ahmed (ahmed¢SSnaceem@gmailcom) Ree e we 5 5 6 6 ewe aaas 10 u 12 13 4 15 152.2.12 Breadboard 3 Performance Evaluation BA Simulation Procedure 3.1.1 Button 1 (Count Car Entry) 3.1.2 4027 ICs (Dual JK Flip-Flop) 3.1.3 74LS83 IC (4-bit Binary Full Adder): 3.14 Button 2 (Count Car Exit) 3.15 Display 3.1.6 Power Supply Operation: Simulation Circuit Project Design Reference 2 This documents aval eof charge on @ studocu Down 1d by Nadeem Ahmes (ahmedéstnaceem@@gma. com) 16 Ww 7 7 7 7 7 18 18 18 18 rt) 20Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Overview ‘This section introduces the Logic Car Parking Counter Project, which aims to design a system for counting cars entering and exiting a parking area using a combination of ICs (Integrated Circuits) and logic gates.In today's urban environment, efficient man- agement of parking spaces is crucial to minimize traffic congestion and maximize the utilization of available parking areas. The Logic Car Parking Counter Project aims to develop a smart parking system that can accurately count the number of cars entering and exiting a parking area, providing real-time information to both parking management and drivers 1.2 Motivation ‘The motivation behind this project is to address the growing need for smart parking solutions in urban areas. With the increasing number of vehicles on the road, efficient parking management is essential to reduce congestion, save time, and minimize envi- ronmental impact. This project aims to contribute to the development of smarter and ‘more efficient parking systems. 13 Problem Definition 1.3.1 Problem Statement ‘The problem we aim to address is the lack of an accurate and cost-effective car parking ‘counting system, Traditional manual counting methods are prone to errors, and existing automated systems can be expensive and complex to implement. We intend to design a system that overcomes these challenges. Downloaded by Nadeem Ahmes (ahmed¢SSnaceem@gmailcom)1.3.2 Complex Engineering Problem fable 1.1: Summary of the attributes touched by the mentioned projects ‘Name of the P Attributes Pl:Digital electronics, controller programming, technology Explain how to address ‘We will acquire a deep understanding of digital electronics, micro-controller programming, and sensor technology to implement an accurate car counting system. P2:Accuracy vs. vs. reliability cost, complexity We will balance the conflicting requirements of accuracy and cost-effectiveness while ensuring the system is reliable but not overly complex. PS: Data analysis, wailic patterns In-depth data analysis will be conducted to op- timize the parking system based on traffic pat- terns and usage statistics Pé:Parking management, technologies sensor We will become familiar with parking manage- ment challenges and various sensor technolo- gies available in the market. PS:Building codes, safety standards ‘We will adhere to relevant building codes and safety standards in the design and implementa tion of the system. Po:Parking operators, drivers, city planners We will consider input from parking operators, drivers, and city planners to meet their require- ments while addressing conflicting needs, P7: Integration of sensors, micro- controllers, and display systems The project will involve the interdependence of various components, such as sensors, micro- controllers, and display systems, to create a seamless parking counting solution. 1.4 Design Goals/Objectives The design goals and objectives of the Logic Car Parking Counter project are as follows: 1, Establish a dependable car counting system that delivers a remarkable level of precision. 2.Maintain cost-effectiveness throughout the implementation to ensure accessibility for parking operators. 3.Design an intuitive and user-friendly interface for both parking management per- sonnel and drivers. 4.Customize the system to accommodate various parking area sizes and adapt to different traffic patterns, 5.Ensure full compliance with safety standards and building codes to guarantee the system's safety and legality. 4 uccammseoineresinneen Ey studocu Downloaded by Nadeem Ahmed (ahmeddé snadeem@gmeilcom)1.5 Application ‘The Logic Car Parking Counter Project has applications in various real-world scenarios: 1.5.1 Urban Parking Management ‘The system can be deployed in urban parking lots to efficiently manage available park- ing spaces and reduce congestion, Figure 1.1: Urban vehicle parking 1.5.2 Shopping Malls Shopping malls can use this technology to guide customers to available parking spaces, ‘enhancing the shopping experience. Figure 1.2: Malls parking Downloaded by Nadeem Ahmed (ahmed¢SSnaceem@gmailcom)15.3 Airports Airports can benefit from accurate car counting systems (o direct passengers to available parking areas, improving overall airport operations, Figure 1.3: Airports parking 15.4 Smart Cities Implementing such systems contributes to the development of smart city infrastructure by optimizing traffic flow and reducing environmental impact. Figure 1.4: Smart parking 6 ‘ashamerisamisionestoneon GY studocu Downloaded by Nadeem Ahmes (ahmed¢SSnaceem@gmailcom)Chapter 2 Design/Development/Implementation of the Project 2.1 Introduction ‘The Logic Car Parking System is a solution designed to efficiently manage parking spaces by providing real-time information about the occupancy status of individual parking spots. The project incorporates electronic components to monitor user inputs, store data, and display parking space availability through a 7-segment display. The system enhances user experience through clear visual indicators and contributes to an. organized parking environment, 2.2. Project Details Efficient Parking Management: Develop a reliable system for managing parking spaces effectively. 2.User-Friendly Displa Implement a clear and intuitive display indicating the occupancy status of parking spaces 3.Electronic Component Integration: Utilize electronic components, including BUTTONS, 7404 Hex Inverter, 4027 Dual IK Flip-Flop, 74LS83 4-bit Binary Full Adder, 7448 BCD (o 7-segment Latch/Decoder/Driver, ‘7SEG-COM-CAT-GREEN displays, and a BATTERY, Visual Indicators: Enhance user experience through visually appealing and easy-to-understand indicators. 2.2.1 Components Used 1. Buttons (Push) 2, 7404 Hex Inverter 3. 4027 Dual JK Flip-Flop Downloaded by Nadeem Ahmes (ahmed¢S8naceem@gmailcom)4, 74.883 4-bit Binary Full Adder 5.7448 BCD to T-segment Decoder 6. 7 SEG-COM-CAT-GREEN displays 7. 12V Battery 8. Jumper Wire 9. LED 10. Resistor 11. Breadboard 2.2.2 7404 Hex Inverter ‘The 7404 is a widely used integrated circuit (IC) that belongs to the 74xx series of digital logic gates. Specifically, the 7404 is a hex inverter, which means it contains six independent inverters. Each inverter has a single input and a single output, and its primary function is to invert the input signal, Figure 2.1: IC 7404 s iedoamenisoeibionectommn EY studocu Downloaded by Nadeem Ahmes (ahmed¢[email protected])2.2.3 4027 Dual JK Flip-Flop ‘The 4027 is a dual JK flip-flop integrated circuit (IC) that is part of the 74x series of digital logic gates. It consists of two independent JK flip-flops, each capable of storing a single bit of binary information, The JK flip-flop is a type of bistable multivibrator, meaning it has two stable states and can be used to store binary data, \Microcontollrsab.com 1 uracuK) Figure 2.2: IC 4027 eG Ha voo =Q fala: cock? [| fat reser? [7 Fj cuock 1 fF Fj reser + | FR] ser2 7] fast ves [| [aJecrs Figure 2.3: IC 4027 Downloaded by Nadeem Ahmes (ahmed¢SSnaceem@gmailcom)2.2.4 74LS883 4-bit Binary Full Adder ‘The 74LS83 is a 4-bit binary full adder integrated circuit (IC) that belongs to the 74xx series of digital logic gates. A full adder is a combinational circuit that adds three binary inputs (A, B, and Cin) and produces two outputs (Sum and Cout - Carry out). ‘The 74L$83 is designed to perform addition on four binary bits, making it a 4-bit binary full adder. B3 B2BI BO ASAZAL 40 4-Bit Parallel Adder le Cind as] 74L8283, ‘out 53.2 SSO Figure 2.4: IC 7483 74LS83 Pinout By 4 Cy Co GND By Ay By 16] [15] [14] [13] [12] [11] [to] [9 Ag 3 A3 BZ Voc Eg Bg OA Figure 2.5: IC 7483, pushemeniitneatcey an @ studocu Downloaded by Nadeem Ahmes (ah ned@[email protected])2.2.5 7448 BCD to 7-segment Decoder ‘The 7448 is a BCD (Binary-Coded Decimal) to 7-segment latch/decoder/driver inte- grated circuit (IC). It is commonly used to convert binary-coded decimal (BCD) input into the corresponding 7-segment display code. The 7448 has four BCD input pins (D, C,B, A) and provides a 7-segment decoded output (a, b, ¢, d,¢, f, g) suitable for driving a 7-segment LED display. 74LS48 Pinout Veco f g a »b c 16] [15] [rs] [3] fre] [rn] [rol [2] ° BER W GIEl D A GND B c LT BI/RBO RBI Figure 2.6: IC 7448,7 peagas Bad Figure 2.7: Truth Table 2.2.6 7SEG-COM-CAT-GREEN displays In a common cathode 7-segment display, all cathodes (negative terminals) of the indi- vidual LED segments (a, b, c, d, ef, g) are connected together as a common pin. The anodes (positive terminals) of each segment are separate and controlled individually to illuminate specific segments. 2 ‘ccamerisominionesisoneen GY studocu Downloaded by Nadeem Ahmes (ahmed¢SSnaceem@gmailcom)Figure 2.8: Display 2.2.7 Buttons (Push) A push button, also known as a push switch, is a simple and widely used type of switch ‘that is manually actuated by pressing it, It is commonly employed in electronic circuits and devices to initiate a specific action or control a function when pressed. ‘The Operation la shit Ste Figure 2.9: Buttons 13 Downloaded by Nadeem Ahmed (ahmed¢SSnaceem@gmailcom)2.2.8 12V Battery A 12-volt battery is a type of electrochemical cell that produces electrical energy through chemical reactions. It is designed to provide a voltage potential of 12 volts between its positive (+) and negative (-) terminals. These batteries play a crucial role in various applications, and they are widely used in automotive, marine, industrial, and consumer electronics settings. Figure 2.10: Battery 2.2.9 Jumper Wire A jumper wire, also known simply as a "jumper," is a short electrical wire used to establish a temporary connection between two points in an electronic circuit. These wires are commonly used in electronics projects, prototyping, and on breadboards to create electrical connections between components. Figure 2.11: Jumper “4 iedoamenisoeibionectommn EY studocu Downloaded by Nadeem Ahmes (ahmed¢[email protected])2.2.10 LED ‘An LED, or Light-Emitting Diode, is a semiconductor device that emits light when an electric current is applied. LEDs are widely used for various lighting and display applications due to their energy efficiency, durability, and compact size. Figure 2.12: LED 2.2.11 Resistor A resistor is a passive two-terminal electronic component that restricts the flow of elec- tric current. It is one of the fundamental building blocks in electronic circuits and is used to control the amount of current flowing through a circuit. Figure 2.13: Resistor 1s Downloaded by Nadeem Ahmed (ahmed¢SSnaceem@gmailcom)2.2.12. Breadboard A breadboard is a fundamental tool used in electronics and prototyping to build and test electronic circuits without the need for soldering. It provides a convenient way to con- ect and disconnect components quickly, making it an ideal platform for experimenting with different circuit designs. Figure 2.14: Breadboard 16 errsawereectromeon Gy studocu Downloaded by Nadeem Ahmes (ahmed¢SSnaceem@gmailcom) This doChapter 3 Performance Evaluation 3.1 Simulation Procedure 3.1.1 Button 1 (Count Car Entry) Connect Button 1 to the input of the first 4027 IC to simulate a car entering the parking lot 3.1.2 4027 ICs (Dual JK Flip-Flop) 1. Connect the Q output of the first 4027 IC to the input of the second 4027 IC. 2, Connect the Q output of the second 4027 IC to the input of the third 4027 IC. 3. Connect the Q outputs of the third 4027 IC to the inputs of the 74LS83 IC. 3.1.3 74LS83 IC (4-bit Binary Full Adder): 1.Connect the outputs of the 74LS83 IC to the inputs of the 7448 IC. 2. Connect the outputs of the 7448 IC to the 7-segment display. 3.1.4 Button 2 (Count Car Exit) 1. Connect Button 2 to the inverter (7404) input to simulate a car leaving the parking lot 2. Connect the output of the inverter to the other input of the 74LS83 IC. 7 Downloaded by Nadeem Ahmed (ah3.1.5 Display 1. Connect the common pins of the 7-segment display to the power source 2. Connect the individual segment pins to the outputs of the 7448 IC. 3.1.6 Power Supply Connect the power supply (battery) to provide power to the circuit, 3.2 Operation: Pressing Button 1 simulates a car entering the parking lot, The 4027 ICs and 74LS83 IC process the input and update the count. ‘The count is displayed on the 7-segment display. Pressing Button 2 simulates a car leaving the parking lot. The inverter and 74LS83 IC process the input and update the count ‘The updated count is displayed on the 7-segment display. 3.3 Simulation Circuit Figure 3.1: simulation 18 riccammsowineresinnen Ey studocu Downloased by Nadeem Ahmes (ahmed¢68nadcem@gmailcom)3.4 Project Design Figure 3.2: Project 19 Downloaded by Nadeem Ahmes (ahmed¢S8nadeem@gmailcom)Figure 3.3: Project 3.5 Reference [1] nttps:https: //waw. bartleby. com/essay/Digital -Counter-for-Car-Parking-Syst: [2] https:https: //transmitter. ieee. org/nakerproject/view/cb42e [a] https: //waw.researchgate.net/?_tp-eyJjb250ZXh0I jp7InZpcnNOUGFnZS16119aXJ1¥. [4] https:https://waw. youtube. com/watch?v=plpfLHSHAcé [shttps://4l.acm. org/doi/pat /10. 1145/149439. 133146 20 ‘wascamensowiaietnsitanen GY studocu ) DDownloased by Naseem Ahmed (ahmed¢68nadeem@gm: