A motherboard is the main printed circuit board (PCB) in a computer.

The
motherboard is a computer's central communications backbone connectivity point,
through which all components and external peripherals connect. Motherboards
can be found in virtually all computers, especially desktop and laptop PCs.
 Processor is a chip which is known the brain of computer. It is also known as
a CPU (Central Processing Unit). Processor have their name because they have process
data and instruction in computer. Processor is the most important part of the
computer.
A central processing unit (CPU) (also called a central processor, main
processor, or just processor) is the most important processor in a given computer. Its
electronic circuitry executes instructions of a computer program, such as arithmetic,
logic, controlling, and input/output (I/O) operations.
 The machine cycle is like the heartbeat of your computer. It's the
sequence of actions your computer's central processing unit (CPU) goes
through to process instructions and perform tasks.
During one machine cycle the processor executes at least
four steps, fetch, decode, execute, and store.
 An electronic device in a computer that issues a steady high-frequency
signal that synchronizes all the internal components.
in order to synchronize all of a computer operations, a system clock a small
quartz crystal located on the motherboard is used. The system clock sends out a
signal on a regular basis to all other computer components.
Bit:
A bit is a binary digit, the smallest increment of data on a
computer. A bit can hold only one of two values: 0 or 1, corresponding
to the electrical values of off or on, respectively.

Byte:
The basic unit of information in computer storage and
processing. A byte consists of 8 adjacent binary digits (bits), each of
which consists of a 0 or 1.
RAM:
Random-access memory (RAM) is a form of computer memory that
can be read and changed in any order, typically used to store
working data and machine code. This is a temporary memory. RAM is a
volatile memory.
SRAM: Static random access memory
DRAM: Dynamic random access memory
 ROM:
Read-only memory, or ROM, is a type of computer storage
containing non-volatile, permanent data that, normally, can only be read,
not written to.
PROM: Programmable read only memory
EPROM: Erasable program read only memory
EEPROM: Electrically Erasable Program Read Only Memory
Cache:
Cache memory, supplementary memory system that temporarily
stores frequently used instructions and data for quicker processing by the
central processing unit (CPU) of a computer. The cache augments, and is an
extension of, a computer's main memory.
 Flash memory:
Flash memory is a type of memory storage device for computer
and devices. It is type of EEPROM chip, which stands for Electrically
Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory. It is a Non-Volatile memory. It
has the ability to be electrically reprogrammed and erased. Flash memory is
normally portable, so is often used to backup data stored on computer, or to
transport data from one place to another. It is often found in USB flash
drives, PM3 players, Digital camera and Solid State Drive. These storage
devices are very fast. They are light weight. It is more reliable. It is
removable and rewriteable. These devices are portable so you can carry
them anywhere. It consume less power and produce less heat. Flash
memory are present in both forms, internal and external storage.
CMOS:
CMOS stand for complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor.
CMOS is volatile memory. CMOS uses a small battery to provide it power
when the computer is turned off. Its life can be up to 10 years. A battery
that maintains date, time, HDD and other configuration setting in the
CMOS memory. CMOS battery is small and direct ally attached on the
motherboard.
Expansion slot:
An expansion slot allow to the CPU to communicate with
peripheral devices. An expansion slot is a socket where a circuit board,
or expansion card can be inserted into the mother board to add new
devices, or capabilities to the computers. It is also know as PCI
(Peripheral component interconnected).
 Drive Bays:
A drive bay is a standard-sized area for adding hardware to a
computer. Most drive bays are fixed to the inside of a case, but some can be
removed.
USB Ports:
A USB port is a standard cable connection interface for
smartphones, computers, and other consumer electronics devices. USB
stands for Universal Serial Bus, an industry standard for short-distance
digital data communications.
USB ports allow USB devices to be connected to each other with
and transfer digital data over USB cables. They can also supply electric
power across the cable to devices that need it.
 VGA Ports:
VGA, or Video Graphics Array, is a standard display interface used
to connect video output devices to computers and projectors to displays to
monitors and TVs.
 USB Ports:
HDMI stand for High Definition Multimedia Interface. HDMI provides
an interface between any audio/video source, such as DVD player, or A/V
receiver, and an audio and or video monitor, such as a digital television,
over a single cable. HDMI supports standard, enhanced, or high-definition
video, plus multi-channel digital audio on a single cable.
 Power supply:
A power supply is a device that converts the output from an ac
power line to a steady dc output or multiple outputs. The ac voltage is first
rectified to provide a pulsating dc and then filtered to produce a smooth
voltage.
A power supply unit is used to provide stable electricity. The device
converts and supplies electricity of the required voltage and frequency.
Power supplies are classified by applications for available DC, AC, and
output voltage ranges.