Session 03: Spring Data JPA (cont)

Joining Tables
 Objectives
• Entity Relationships
• Common Relationship Types:
- One-to-One
- Many-to-One
- One-to-Many
- Many-to-Many
• CascadeType
• FetchType
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 Entity Relationships (1)
What is Entity Relationship?
• Database Diagram

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 Entity Relationships (2)
What is Entity Relationship?
• An entity relationship refers to the association between two or more entity
classes that reflect the relationships between tables in a relational database

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 Entity Relationships (3)
What is Entity Relationship?

One-to-One

This indicates that one student can have one pro ile,
and each student is assigned to only one pro ile.

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 Entity Relationships (4)
What is Entity Relationship?
This indicates that one classroom can have multiple students,
but each student is assigned to only one classroom.

One-to-Many

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 Entity Relationships (5)
What is Entity Relationship?
Multiple instances of entity Student are associated
with a single instance of entity ClassRoom.

One-to-Many

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 Entity Relationships (6)
What is Entity Relationship?

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Student entities can be associated with multiple Course

entities, and vice versa.
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 One-to-One (1)
Introduction
• @OneToOne annotation is used to create a one-to-one association between
two entities.

One-to-One

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 One-to-One (2)
Example
@Entity
public class Profile {
@Id One-to-One
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Long id;
@Entity
private String email; public class Student {
private String phoneNumber; @Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
// Standard getters and setters private Long id;
}
private String name;

@OneToOne
@JoinColumn(name = "profile_id", referencedColumnName = "id")
private Profile profile;

// Standard getters and setters Primary key of

} Profile
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 One-to-Many & Many-to-One (1)
Introduction
• @OneToMany annotation is used to create a one-to-one association between
two entities.

One-to-Many

Many-to-One

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 One-to-Many & Many-to-One(2)
Example
@Entity
public class ClassRoom {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Long id; @Entity
public class Student {
private String name; @Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
// OneToMany relationship with Student private Long id;
@OneToMany(mappedBy = "classRoom") private String name;
private Set<Student> students = new HashSet<>();
@OneToOne
// Standard getters and setters @JoinColumn(name = "profile_id", referencedColumnName = "id")
} private Profile profile;

@ManyToOne
@JoinColumn(name = "class_id", referencedColumnName = "id")
private ClassRoom classRoom;

// Standard getters and setters

}
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 Many-to-Many (1)
Introduction
• @ManyToMany annotation is used to create a one-to-one association
between two entities.

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 Many-to-Many (2)
Example
@Entity @Entity
public class Course { public class Student {
@Id @Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY) @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Long id; private Long id;

private String name; private String name;

private Integer duration; @OneToOne

@JoinColumn(name = "profile_id", referencedColumnName = "id")
// Standard getters and setters private Profile profile;
}
@ManyToMany(cascade = CascadeType.ALL, fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
private Set<Course> courses = new HashSet<>();

// Standard getters and setters

}

The join table (student_course) that maps the

associations between students and courses.

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 mappedBy Attribute
When to use mappedBy?
• The mappedBy attribute is used to define the inverse side of a bidirectional relationship
• Which means it doesn’t contain the foreign key column in the database

mappedBy mappedBy

foreign key
column

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 CascadeType (1)
Introduction
• This option specifies which operations (CUD) should be cascaded from the
parent entity to the associated child entity
@Entity Parent
public class Student {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Long id; Specifies which
operations
private String name;

@OneToOne(cascade = CascadeType.ALL)
@JoinColumn(name = "profile_id", referencedColumnName = "id")
private Profile profile;
Child
// Standard getters and setters
}

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 CascadeType (2)
Other types include
• PERSIST: Only persist (save) operations are cascaded.
• MERGE: Only merge (update) operations are cascaded.
• REMOVE: Only remove (delete) operations are cascaded.
@Entity
public class Student {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Long id;

private String name;

@OneToOne(cascade = CascadeType.PERSIST)
@JoinColumn(name = "profile_id", referencedColumnName = "id")
private Profile profile;

// Standard getters and setters

}
// Example of multiple cascade types
@OneToMany(cascade = {CascadeType.PERSIST, CascadeType.MERGE})
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 CascadeType (3)
Default Type
• PERSIST: Only persist (save) operations are cascaded.
• MERGE: Only merge (update) operations are cascaded.
• REMOVE: Only remove (delete) operations are cascaded.
@Entity
public class Student {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Long id;

private String name;

When you do not specify a @OneToOne
CascadeType, the default is that no @JoinColumn(name = "profile_id", referencedColumnName = "id")
cascade operations are applied. private Profile profile;

// Standard getters and setters

}
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 FetchType (1)
Introduction
• This option determines how the related entities should be loaded in
relation to the parent entity
@Entity
public class Student {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Long id;

private String name;

@OneToOne(cascade = CascadeType.ALL, fetch = FetchType.LAZY)

@JoinColumn(name = "profile_id", referencedColumnName = "id")
private Profile profile;

// Standard getters and setters

}

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 FetchType (2)
Two Main Types
• LAZY: Meaning they are not loaded until they are explicitly accessed in the code. This is
useful for improving performance by avoiding unnecessary data loading.
• EAGER: Meaning they are loaded immediately with the parent entity. This can be useful
when you always need the associated entities and want to avoid multiple queries to the
database
• Example
@Entity @Entity
public class Student { @Table(name = "employee")
@OneToOne(cascade = CascadeType.ALL, fetch = FetchType.EAGER) public class Employee {
@JoinColumn(name = "profile_id", referencedColumnName = "id") @OneToMany(mappedBy = "employee", fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
private Profile profile; private Set<Order> orders = new HashSet<>();
} }

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 FetchType (3)
Default Type
• Here's a table summarizing the default fetch types Without specifying
@Entity
Relationship Default FetchType @Table(name = "employee")
public class Employee {
@OneToMany(mappedBy = "employee")
OneToMany LAZY private Set<Order> orders = new HashSet<>();
}
ManyToMany LAZY

OneToOne EAGER @Entity

@Table(name = "employee")
public class Employee {
@OneToMany(mappedBy = "employee", fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
ManyToOne EAGER private Set<Order> orders = new HashSet<>();
}

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