Essentials of Management Information
Systems
Thirteenth Edition
Chapter 7
Telecommunications, the
Internet, and Wireless
Technology
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Learning Objectives
7.1 What are the principal components of
telecommunications networks and key networking
technologies?
7.2 What are the different types of networks?
7.3 How do the Internet and Internet technology work, and
how do they support communication and e-business?
7.4 What are the principal technologies and standards for
wireless networking, communication, and Internet access?
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Alibaba: Redefining Traditional Retailing
• Problem
– omnichannel retail strategy
– supply chain
• Solutions
– Hema app Loading…
– curating through QR codes
• Demonstrates IT’s role in helping organizations increase
efficiency and lower costs
• Illustrates the ability of IT systems to support inventory
management and sales
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What is a Computer Network?
• Two or more connected computers
• Major components in simple network
– Client computer
ــServer computer
ــConnection medium
– Network operating system (NO): routes and manages
communications on the network and coordinates network resources.
− Hubs: connect network components, sending a packet of data to all
other connected devices.
− Switches: has more intelligence than a hub and can filter and forward
data to a specified destination on the network.
– Routers: communication processor used to route packets of data
through different networks, ensuring that the data sent gets to the correct
address.
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Figure 7.1 Components of a Simple
Computer Network
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Illustrated here is a simple computer network consisting of computers, a network operating
system (NOS) residing on a dedicated server computer, cable (wiring) connecting the devices,
switches, and a router.
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Types of Networks
– Local area networks (LANs): Up to 500 meters (half
a mile); an office or floor of a building
– Campus area networks (CANs): Up to 1,000 meters
(a mile); a college campus or corporate facility
– Metropolitan area networks (MANs): A city or urban
area
– Wide area networks (WANs): A transcontinental or
global area
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Networks in Large Companies
• Large numbers of local area networks (LANs) linked to
firm-wide corporate network
• Various powerful servers
• Website, corporate intranet, extranet
• Backend systems
• Mobile wireless LANs (Wi-Fi networks)
• Videoconferencing system
• Telephone network, wireless cell phones
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What is the Internet?
• The Internet
– Network of networks; Infrastructure for providing different
services
– Internet service providers (ISPs): is a commercial
organization with a permanent connection to the Internet that
sells temporary connections to retail and individual subscribers.
• Types of Internet connections
– Digital subscriber line (DSL): operate over existing telephone
lines to carry voice, data, and video
– Cable Internet connections: cable television vendors use
digital cable coaxial lines to deliver high-speed Internet
– T1/T3 lines: international telephone standards for
communication
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Internet Addressing and Architecture
• Each device on Internet assigned Internet Protocol (IP)
address
• IP addresses: Unique address of each computer at
internet
• 32-bit number, e.g. 207.46.250.119
• The Domain Name System (DNS)
– Converts domain names to IP address
– Hierarchical structure
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Figure 7.6 The Domain Name System
Domain Name
System: is a
hierarchical system
with a root domain,
top-level domains,
second-level
domains, and host
computers at the
third level.
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Loading…
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Exercise: Domain Name System
http://myspace.blogging.com
The internet root domain:
Top-level domain:
Second-level domain:
Third-level domain:
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Internet Architecture and Governance
• Network service providers
– Own trunk lines (high-speed backbone networks)
• Regional telephone and cable TV companies
– Provide regional and local access
• Professional organizations and government bodies
establish Internet standards
– IAB: : Internet Architecture Board- define the overall structure of the
Internet
– ICANN: Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers- which
assigns IP addresses
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Internet Services and Communication Tools
(1 of 3)
• Internet services
– Email
– Chatting and instant messaging
– Newsgroups
– Telnet
– File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
– World Wide Web
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Internet Services
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Internet Services and Communication Tools (2
of 3)
• Voice over IP (VoIP)
– Digital voice communication using I P, packet
switching
Figure 7.9 How Voice Over I P Works
A VoIP phone call digitizes and breaks up a voice message into data packets
that may travel along different routes before being reassembled at the final
destination. A processor nearest the call’s destination, called a gateway,
arranges the packets in the proper order and directs them to the telephone
number of the receiver or the IP address of the receiving computer.
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Internet Services and Communication Tools
(3 of 3)
• Unified communications
– Communications systems that integrate voice, data, email,
conferencing
• Virtual private network (V P N)
– Secure, encrypted, private network run over Internet
– Tunneling
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Figure 7.10 A Virtual Private Network
Using the Internet
This VPN is a private network of computers linked using a secure tunnel
connection over the Internet. By adding a wrapper around a network message
to hide its content, organizations can create a secure private connection that
travels through the public Internet.
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Searching for Information on the Web (1 of 2)
• Search engines: attempt to solve the problem of finding useful
information on the Web nearly instantly
– Google’s PageRank System: Not only did it index each Web page’s
words but it also ranked search results based on the relevance of each
page.
• Mobile search: search from smartphone and tablets makes up more
than 50% of all searches. Google, Amazon and Yahoo have
developed new search interfaces to make smartphone’s searching
more convenient.
• Semantic search: Goal is to include understanding of human
language and behavior to deliver more relevant results
• Social search: Effort to provide more relevant results by including
pages visited by user’s social network like Google +1, Facebook
• Visual search and the visual web: facial/figure recognition software
– Tagging & Pinterest
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Figure 7.11 Top Web Search Engines
Worldwide
Source: Based on data from Net Market Share, April 2017.
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Web 2.0 (1 of 2)
• Second-generation services
• Enabling collaboration, sharing information, and creating
new services online
• Blogs: chronological, informal websites created by
individuals
• Wikis: collaborative websites where visitors can add,
delete, or modify content on the site
• Social networking sites: enable users to build
communities of friends and share information
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Web 3.0 and the Future Web
• Pervasive web
• Internet of Things: extension of Internet connectivity into
physical devices and everyday objects.
• Increased cloud computing and SaaS
• Ubiquitous mobile connectivity
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Wireless Computer Networks and Internet
Access
• Bluetooth
– Links up to 8 devices in 10-m area using low-power, radio-based
communication
– Useful for personal networking (PANs)
• Wi-Fi
– Used for wireless LAN and wireless Internet access
– Use access points: device with radio receiver/transmitter for
connecting wireless devices to a wired LAN
– Hotspots: one or more access points in public place to provide
maximum wireless coverage for a specific area
– Weak security features
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Figure 7.13 A Bluetooth Network (PAN)
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Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
• Use tiny tags with microchips containing data about an
item and location
• Tag antennas to transmit radio signals over short
distances to special RFID readers
• Common uses:
– Automated toll-collection
– Tracking goods in a supply chain
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Figure 7.15 How RFID Works
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Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs)
• Networks of hundreds or thousands of interconnected wireless
devices
• Used to monitor building security, detect hazardous substances
in air, monitor environmental changes, traffic, or military activity
• Devices have built-in processing, storage, and radio frequency
sensors and antennas.
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Figure 7.16 A Wireless Sensor Network
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