M aths Laplace Transforms

16. Inverse UNIT II INVERSE

Laplace LAPLACE TRANSFORMS
Transform

16.1. Definition :

If the Laplace transform of a function f (t ) is F ( S ) (ie) L ( f (t ))  F ( S ) then f (t ) is called an inverse

laplace transform of F ( s ) and is denoted by

f (t )  L1 ( F ( s ))

Here L1 is called the inverse Laplace transform operator..

17. Standard results in inverse Laplace transforms

Laplace Transform Inverse Laplace Transform

1 1
L (1)  L1    1
s s
1  1 
L (e at )  L1  e
at

sa  sa
1  1 
L (e  at )  L1  e
 at

sa sa
1  1 
L (t )  L1  2 t
s2 s 
2!  2! 
L (t 2 )  L1  3   t 2
s3 s 
3!  3! 
L (t 3 )  L1  4   t 3
s4 s 
n!  n! 
L (t n )  L1  n 1   t n
s n 1 s 

where n is a +ve integer

a  a 
L (sin at )  L1  2 2 
 sin at
s  a2
2
s a 

s  s 
L (cos at )  L1  2 2   cos at
s  a2
2
s a 

a  a 
L (sin hat )  L1  2 2 
 sin hat
s  a2
2
s a 

s  s 
L (cos hat )  L1  2 2 
 cos hat
s  a2
2
s a 

2as  2as 
L (t sin at )  L1  2   t sin at
(s  a2 )2
2 2 2
 (s  a ) 

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s2  a2  s2  a2 
L (t cos at )  2 L1  2 2 2 
 t cos at
(s  a2 )2  (s  a ) 

2 as  2as 
L (t sin hat )  L1  2 2 2 
 t sin hat
( s  a2 )2
2
 (s  a ) 

s2  a2  s2  a2 
L (t cos hat )  L1  2 2 2 
 t cos hat
(s 2  a2 )2  (s  a ) 

b  b  at
L (e at sin bt )  L1    e sin bt
(s  a)2  b2 2
 (s  a)  b
2


sa  sa  at
L (e at cos bt )  L1    e cos bt
( s  a )2  b 2 2
 (s  a)  b
2


b  b  at
L (e at sin hbt )  L1    e sin hbt
(s  a)2  b 2 2
 ( s  a)  b
2


sa  sa  at
L (e at cos hbt )  L1  2 
 e cos hbt
(s  a)2  b 2 2
 (s  a)  b 

1  1 
L (te  at )  L1    te
 at

(s  a)2  (s  a)
2


2!  2!  2  at
L (t 2 e  at )  L1  3 
t e
( s  a )3  (s  a) 
18. Properties of Inverse Laplace Transforms

18.1. Linear Property :

If F1 ( s ) and F2 ( s ) are Laplace transforms of f1 (t ) and f 2 (t ) respectively, then

L1 (c1 F1 ( s )  c2 F2 ( s ))  c1 L1 ( F1 ( s ))  c2 L1 ( F2 ( s )) where c1 & c2 are constants.

Proof :

We know that

L (c1 f1 (t )  c2 f 2 (t ))  c1L ( f1 (t ))  c2 L( f 2 (t ))
 c1 F1 ( s )  c2 F2 ( s )
 L( f1 (t ))  F1 ( s) and L( f 2 (t ))  F2 ( s) 
1
c1 f1 (t )  c2 f 2 (t )  L (c1F1 ( s )  c2 F2 ( s ))
 L1 (c1 F1 ( s))  L1 (c2 F2 ( s))
 c1L1 ( F1 ( s))  c2 L1 ( F2 ( s))

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Problems :

 1
Find L 1 
s 
1. s 2 
 s3 s 4
Solution :

 1 1 s  1  1  1  s 
L1    2 L 
1
  L s  L  2 
 s 3 s s 4  s3 s 4
 e 3t  1  cos h 2t
 e 3t  cos h 2t  1

 1
Find L 1 
1 1 s 
2. 2
  2  2 
s s 4 s 4 s 9

Solution :

1 1 1 s 
L1  2   2  2 
s s  4 s  4 s 9 
 1  1   1  1  1  s 
 L1  2   L1    L  s2  4   L  s2  9 
s   s4    
sin 2t
 t  e 4 t   cos h3t
2

3.
1 2
Find L1 
3s 4 
 2 2  2 
s s s  4 s  16 
Solution :

1 2 3s 4 
L1   2  2  2
s s s  4 s  16 
1  2  3 s  1  4 
 L1    L1  2   L1  2  L  2 
s s  s 4  s  16 
 1  2t  3cos 2t  sin 4t

 4
Find L1 
2 2 3s 
4. 6
 10  2  2 
s s s  9 s  25 

Solution :

 4 2 2 3s 
L1  6  10  2  2 
s s s  9 s  25 
4  5!  2  9!  2  3   s 
 L1  6   L1  10   L1  2   3L1  2 
5!  s  9!  s  3  s 9   s  25 
1 1 2
 t5  t 9  sin h3t  3cos 5t
36 181440 3

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M aths Laplace Transforms

5. Find L1 
 2 3 3 5 s 
5
 4 2  2  2 
s s s  3 s  100 s  10 

Solution :

2 3 3 5 s 
L1  5  4  2  2  2 
s s s  3 s  100 s  10 
2 1  4!  3 1  3!  3 1  3  5 1  10  1  s 
 L  5  L  4  L    L  2   L  s 2  10 
4!  s  3!  s  3  s 2
 32
 10  s  100   
1 4 1 3 1
= t  t 3 sin 3t  sin h10t  cos 10t
12 2 2

6. Find L1 
 5 4s s s 
2
 2  2  2 
 s  25 s  16 s  9 s  25 
Solution :

 5 4s s s 
L1  2  2  2  2 
 s  25 s  16 s  9 s  25 
 5  1  s   1  s  1  s 
 L1  2   4L  2  L  2 L  2 
 s  25   s  16   s 9  s  25 
 sin h5t  4 cos h 4t  cos 3t  cos h5t

7. Find L1 
1 
 
 2s  3 

Solution :

 
 1  1 1  1 
L1    L
 2s  3  2 s3 
 2
1 3 t
 e 2
2
19. First Shiffting Property

(i) If L1 ( F ( s ))  f (t ) then L1 ( F ( s  a ))  e at L1 ( F ( s ))

Proof :
We know that L ( f (t ))  F ( s ) then L ( e at f (t ))  F ( s  a )

Hence e at f (t )  L1 ( F ( s  a ))
e at L1 ( F ( s ))  L1 ( F ( s  a ))

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