Advance Course in Social Psychology
Module-12
Lecture-53
Interactive Behavior
Prof. Pooja Garg
Associate Professor
Department of Humanities and Social Sciences
Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
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Interpersonal Conflict
Interpersonal conflict is a confrontation between individuals or groups over scarce
resources, controversial means, incompatible goals, or combinations of these.
It is an expressed disagreement between or among independent connected
individuals who perceive their goals as incompatible with close friends, colleagues,
and family members.
Interpersonal conflict is characterized by disliking one
another, expressing hostility towards one another, and
exaggerating the weaknesses of one another and not working
collectively.
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Sources of interpersonal conflict means:
➢ Competition
➢ Differences in values, attitude, and managerial styles or personality differences
➢ The relationship is in trouble or will cause damage to the relationship
➢ Positional or status differences
➢ Halo effect(Drawing a general impression about an individual on the basis of a
single characteristic)
➢ Stereotyping(judging someone on the basis of one’s
perception of a group to which an individual belongs)
➢ Exploitative tendencies
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JOHARI WINDOW
(Joseph Luft& Harrington Ingham,1955)
Johari window is a technique designed to help people better understand their
relationship with themselves and others.
It was created by psychologists Joseph Luft (1916–2014) and Harrington Ingham
(1916–1995). And is one of the most popular descriptives for analyzing interpersonal
conflict.
Johari window suggests ways of interpreting the conflicts that
may develop between “self” and “others.” In simple terms,
the self can be thought of as “me” and others as “you.”
As there is certain information that a person knows
about himself/ herself and certain information that are not known.
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The Four Quadrants
Q1: Open Area/Open Self: What is known to the
person about himself/herself and is known to
others. It is also known as the area of free activity.
Q2: Blind Area/Blind Spot: What is known about a
person by others in the group but is unknown to the
person/himself.
Q3:Façade/Hidden Area: What a person knows
about himself/herself that others do not know.
Q4:Unknown Area/Unknown Self: What is unknown
to the person about himself/herself and is also
unknown to others.
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Example: Ayesha got a job in an
organization. Her co-workers knew a
little about her and in this context
the unknown and hidden areas will
be larger and the open area will be
small. As the others don’t know
much about her, the blind spot also
will be smaller and the model will
be as shown in Figure 1.
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Ayesha spent most of her free time sketching
in the office which was her preferred
pastime and her co-workers found her very
shy and elusive. With that evaluation she got
the idea how she was and tried to be more
talkative and interacted more with other co-
workers. This helped her to increase her
open area and thus making the hidden and
unknown areas smaller. (Figure 2)
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Through the feedback Ayesha got from her co-workers she could perform well in the
office and her real capacity could be obtained as a result of an effective interaction
among the colleagues.
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JOHARI Adjectives
spontaneous
able idealistic modest religious sympathetic
accepting independent nervous responsive tense
adaptable ingenious observant searching trustworthy
bold intelligent organized self-assertive warm
brave introverted patient self-conscious wise
calm kind powerful sensible witty
caring knowledgeabl proud sentimental
cheerful e quiet shy
clever logical reflective silly
complex loving relaxed smart
mature
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We can conclude that Johari Window is a :
✓ Disclosure/feedback solicitation model of self-awareness and an “information-
processing tool.”
✓ JW is a model of self-awareness, personal development, group development, and
understanding relationships.
✓ JW represents information---feelings, experiences, views, skills, attitudes,
intentions, and motivation concerning oneself and the group.
✓ JW embraces two important aspects of human behavior:
(a) understanding oneself--- self-awareness and
self-management
(b) understanding others---social awareness and
relationship management
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Thank You
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