ARTS APPRECIATION REVIWER 2.

A product of a specific skill

• Art is all around us. Whether we like it or not, Assumptions about Art
knowingly or unknowingly, we all participate
1. Art is Universal – Art is timeless. It is present
in appreciation of different forms of art in our
everyday life. in every culture. It is in every nation, every
• The reason we appreciate these things and the language, every region.
people behind these things is because we see 2. Art is not nature – Art is made by man,
BEAUTY in them. whereas nature is given around us.
• BEAUTY is also identical to GOODNESS.
• The aim of Art Appreciation is to help students Which is why pictures of nature, however
develop their ability to APPRECIATE, captivating, if not technically edited or
• ANALYZE and CRITIQUE works of art and reconstructed using a computer cannot be
the people behind those artworks. considered an artwork.
• Art appreciation therefore is a way of life.
• Students should learn how to analyze and 3. Art involves experience – Art cannot be
identify which things abstracted from actual doing. To know art is
Humanities to experience art.

❖ Jean-Paul Sartre If someone wants to be a painter, she can’t just

• Famous French philosopher of the 20th century read books and
• Described the role of art as a creative work that attend seminars about painting then call
depicts the world in a completely different light himself a painter. One
and perspective, and the source is human
should pick up a paintbrush, a canvas and
freedom
some colors and starts
The Importance of Studying Humanities painting!
• From the Latin word “humanus” which Art Appreciation: Creativity, Imagination
means human, cultured and refined and Expression
• Studies man and the manner he conducts
himself from the time of his existence to the Skill alone is not enough to create a great work of
present art. One should be creative, imaginative, and know
how to express his/her self in many different ways.
• Studies how people process and document
human experience using philosophy, Art is a product of man’s creativity, imagination
literature, religion, art and history as their and expression
way of understanding and recording their
world 1. Creativity – requires thinking outside the
box. It is what sets apart one artwork from
• Studies how individuals’ manner of
another.
expression varies as they record human
2. Imagination – allows endless possibilities.
experience and how it forms a connection
It is the ability to create something like
between the past, present and future.
objects, ideas or people in the mind without
The Nature of Art and Assumptions About the immediate help of the senses.
Art 3. Expression – makes people’s art not a
reflection of what is outside or external to
• Art is from the Latin word “ars” which them, but a reflection of their inner selves.
means “craft or specific skill”
• Artwork – a product of any craft or specific Forms of Expressions / Genres of Art
skill Visual Art
So for something to be considered an “artwork”
• Appeals to sense of sight
it should be:
1. Made by man
 • The kind of art form that the population is Applied Arts
most likely more exposed to. (ex, painting,
• Incorporating elements of style and design
sculpture and drawing)
to everyday items with the aim of
Film increasing their aesthetic value (Ex.
Jewelry making, fashion design, pottery
• Refers to the art of putting together making)
succession of still images in order to create
an illusion of movement. Points of Comparison
Performance Art Film vs Theater

• A form of live art and the artist’s medium is Similarity:

mainly the humanbody. It usually consists
• The making of a film and theater is so
of 4 important elements:
complex that in itself involves different
❖ Time (When?)
forms of art like scriptwriting, musical
❖ Place (Where?)
score, directing, lightning and sounds etc.
❖ The performer’s body
❖ The relationship between the audience Difference:
and the performer. Ex. Circus and
performance of magic and illusion • Film is recorded while theater is performed
live
Poetry Performance
Points of Comparison
• An art form where the artist expresses his
Literary Art vs Poetry Performance
emotions through words.
Similarity:
Architecture
• Both literary art and poetry performance
• The making of beautiful buildings. It should
use words.
embody 3 important elements:
❖ Plan Difference:
❖ Construction
❖ Design • Literary art is written while poetry
performance is oral
Dance
Subject and Content
• A series of movements that follows the
rhythm of the music accompaniment. Filipinos are not museum-going public. Most of us
were only expose to museums during educational
Literary Art tour in our elementary and high school days. This
is the reason why a huge number of the community
• Focuses on writing using a unique style, not
find it difficult and challenging recognizing the
following a specific format or norm.
message of a certain artwork when they look at it.
Theater But every time we gaze on a certain work of art,
there are three things that we usually try to
• Uses live performers to present accounts or
recognize and identify:
imaginary events before a live audience.
❖ One must be able to extract a specific image
Music
❖ Isolate the artist or makers’ intention
• The art of sound expressed through a song, ❖ Unearth a particular meaning
through the use of instruments or a Basic Components of a work of art
combination of both.
1. Subject – refers to the visual focus of the
image that may be extracted from
examining the artwork
 2. Content – the meaning that is 8. Technology - The modernity of the present is
communicated by the artist or the artwork also an inspiration being used by artists as a
3. Form – the development and configuration source of subject.
of the artwork
Content in Art
- how the elements and the medium or
material are put together (Why was the artwork created in the first place?)
Types of Subject To understand the meaning or message of a certain
work of art, we must first identify the different
Representational art
levels of meaning. One may ask the question “Why
– refer to objects or events occurring in there real is my interpretation of a certain artwork different
world from others?” or “Why is the lesson that I got from
a movie or from a certain song different from the
- also called figurative art because the
lesson that they learned?”
figuresdepicted are easy to make out and decipher
Different Levels of Meaning
Non-representational art
❖ Factual meaning – the literal statement or the
- does not make a reference to the real world
narrative content in the work which can be
whether it is a person, place, thing or even a
directly apprehended because the objects
particular event
presented are easily recognized.
- mainly visual elements such as shapes,lines and ❖ Conventional meaning – refers to the special
colors that are employed to translate a particular meaning that a certain object or color has for a
feeling, emotion and even concept. particular culture or group of people. It also
pertains to the acknowledged interpretation of
Sources of Subject the artwork using motifs, signs, symbol and
1. Nature - in the broadest sense, is equivalent to other cyphers as bases of its meaning.
the natural world, physical universe, material ❖ Subjective meaning – these meanings stem
world or material universe. from the viewer’s or audience’ circumstances
2. People - They are considered the most that come into play when engaging with art.
interesting subject of an artwork which may be The meaning may not be singular, rather,
real or imagined. People as subjects may be multiple and varied.
presented as individuals or groups. Factors affecting subjective meaning:
3. History - It is the depiction of factual events
that occurred in the past whose purpose is either 1. What we know
to remember important events of long ago or to 2. What we learned
teach the learners about the lessons of the past. 3. What we experienced
4. Legends - Artworks based on legends present 4. The values we stand for
to viewers of the art something tangible even
Artist vs Artisan
when unverified.
5. Religion - Artists used as inspiration the • An artist is a person engaged in an activity
religious texts as the Bible, Quran and Torah in related to creating art, practicing the arts, or
conveying their ideas and beliefs through their demonstrating an art
art works. • An artisan (from French: artisan, Italian:
6. Mythology - These are sources of subjects that artigiano) is a skilled craft worker who makes
come from the stories of gods and goddesses of or creates things by hand that may be
Ancient Greece, Rome, Norse and Egyptians. functional or strictly decorative, for example
7. Dreams and Fantasy - The wonder of the furniture, decorative arts, sculptures, clothing,
unconscious is what is being expressed by art jewellery, food items, household items and
works under this subject source. tools or even mechanisms such as the
handmade clockwork movement of a
watchmaker.
 2. Ink – one of the oldest material for
drawing that is still in use. It allows for a
great variety of qualities depending on the
tools and technique used in application.
3. Pastel – composed of dry pigment held
together by a gum binder and compressed
into sticks. There are 3 kinds of pastel: soft
pastel, hard pastel and oil pastel.
4. Charcoal – this is an organic medium that
comes from burnt wood. There are 2 kinds of
charcoal: the compressed or manufactured
charcoal and the vine charcoal.
5. Paper – the most common surface used in
two-dimensional art. Paper is an organic
material made from wood, grass and linen
rags. There are generally 3 types of paper:
hot-pressed paper is smooth, cold-pressed
The Medium of Visual Art paper has moderate texture, and the rough
paper has the most texture.
Two types of Visual Art
Painting- described as the art of creating beautiful
A. Graphic or Two-dimensional Art
effects on a flat surface. It is the process of
B. Plastic or Three-dimensional Art applying paint onto a smooth surface like paper,
cloth, canvas, wood or plaster.
Graphic or Two-dimensional Art
The Different Media used for Painting
1. Drawing
2. Painting 1. Watercolor – for watercolor paints, the
3. Mosaic pigments are mixed with water and applied
4. Collage to paper.
5. Printmaking 2. Gouache – this is paint in which the pigment
has been mixed with water and added with a
Drawing-the fundamental skill needed in the visual chalk-like material to give it an opaque
art effect.
The Different Media for Drawing 3. Oil Paints – the pigments are mixed with as
its binder. This medium was discovered by a
[Link] – this is made of graphite which comes in Flemish painter Jan Van Eyck in the 15th
different hardness or thickness, making possible a century.
wide range of value. 4. Tempera – this is pigment mixed with egg
Different Shading Techniques yolk as binder. Sometimes gum or glue is
used in place of egg. The ideal surface for
• Hatching – is drawing a series of parallel lines that tempera is wood.
run in the same direction 5. Fresco – this is pigment mixed with water
• Cross–hatching – is drawing a series of thin and applied on a portion of the wall with wet
parallel lines and criss-crossing it with another set plaster. The wet plaster allows the color to
of thin parallel lines. stick to the surface and thus, becomes a
permanent part of the wall.
• Stippling – is using the sharp point of the 6. Acrylic – this is the modern medium of
pencil to make dot patterns to create depth in synthetic paint using acrylic emulsion as
some parts of the drawing. binder. It is widely used by contemporary
• Blending accomplished by using the finger painters. It has the quick drying quality of
or a paper stump to gradually change the tone watercolor and is as flexible as oil paints.
from dark to light.
 7. Mosaic – are wall or floor decorations made The matrix below shows the difference of the
of small tiles or irregularly cut pieces of art forms as identified:
colored stones or glass called tesserae.
These are meticulously fitted together to
form a pattern and glued with plaster or
cement.
Collage- derived from a French word “coller”
which means “to stick”. A collage is technique of
making an artwork by gluing or pasting on a firm
support materials or found objects. Functional Art Forms are those which may
benefit the cause of man’s existence. They are
Print making - a process used for making art forms which give people sustenance as to
reproductions of graphic works. Printmaking
need for life to be better. This benefit is mostly
allows for the repeated transfer of a master image
financial in nature.
from a printing plate onto a surface.
B. Plastic or Three-Dimensional Art Non-functional art forms, on the other hand,
Nonfunctional art is art that serves no utilitarian
Sculpture – the word sculpture has originated from purpose. Nonfunctional art also encompasses
the Latin word “sculpere” which means “to carve”. paintings, sculptures and all manner of fine art.
It is defined as the art or practice of creating three- These pieces usually seek to engage with the
dimensional forms or figures.
viewer on an intellectual, emotional or
3 Kinds of Sculpture aesthetic level.
1. Freestanding – these are sculptures which Functions of Art
can be viewed from all sides.
2. Relief – These are sculptures in which the Personal function – varies and highly
figures project from a background. subjective. The human need for expression.
• Low relief (bas relief) – the figures are slightly Social function – when it addresses a
raised from its background, less shadows are particular collective interest as opposed to a
created. personal
• High relief – almost half of the figures project interest. (Ex. Advertisement of diaper which is
from its background, more shadows are created. intended only for mothers with babies)
3. Kinetic (mobiles) – A sculpture that is Physical function – the easiest to spot and
capable of movement by wind, water or understand. It can be found in artworks that are
other forms of energy.
crafted to serve some physical purpose.
Functions and Philosophical Perspectives on
Historical function – Art forms serve to
Art
record historical figures and events.
Functions of Art
Economic Function – Art can be a source of
Arts is a much needed avenue for people to: income.
1. Express freely oneself; Philosophical Perspectives on Art
2. Socially express his need for display, Plato
celebration and communication; and Art as an imitation - Things in this world are
only copies of the original
3. Physically express the need for utility of
They appeal to emotion rather than reason.
functional objects.
 They imitate rather than lead one to reality. 4. Plaster – specifically, Plaster of Paris, is
finely ground gypsum mixed with water
Aristotle and poured into a mold.
Art as representation – an attempt to represent 5. Terra cotta (cooked earth) – this is baked
what things might be. clay or clay fired in a kiln at a relatively
high temperature. The major weakness of
Art allows for the experience of pleasure. clay is its fragility; it breaks easily.
Art has an ability to be instructive and teach 6. Glass- this is made by heating and cooling
audience about life. a combination of sand and soda lime. Glass
may be transparent, translucent or opaque.
Immanuel Kant 7. Plastic – a synthetic medium made from
organic polymers. While plastic is soft, it
Art as a disinterested Judgment – judgment of can be molded into a form.
beauty can be universal despite its subjectivity.
Elements of Arts
Subjective taste does not focus on the properties
of the object itself but rather on the pleasure one 1. Line
experiences as he responds to it.
2. Color
Universal taste is non-aesthetic and does not
3. Shape
consider the beauty of the work, but rather, the
artwork is appreciated for what it is. 4. Texture
Leo Tolstoy 5. Space

Art as a communication of emotion – art plays a 6. Movement

huge role in communication to its audience’s
Line
emotions that the artist previously experienced.
• it is the path made by a moving point
If language communicates information, art
communicates emotions. • A series of dots
It makes accessible feelings and emotions of • A prolongation of points
people from the past and present.
• An intended mark made by the artist to convey
Sculpture and Its Medium
meaning beyond its physical description
The Different Media of Sculpture
Kinds of Lines
1. Stone – a natural medium. It is hard and
[Link] Lines – are geometric and
relatively permanent. Sculptures made from
impersonal and differ in the direction they take.
stone will last for many years. Marble is
They may move from left to right, start from top
deemed by sculptors as the most beautiful
going down, slant or move up and down forming
stone for sculpture. angles. Whatever is the direction, each kind
2. Wood – also a natural medium. Compared indicates a specific type of emotion.
to stone, wood is relatively easy to work on.
The major weaknesses of wood is moisture a) Horizontal lines – move from left to right or vice
that causes it to rot; fire and termites. versa. It is the line that appears to be laying down
3. Metal – the medium is used for sculpture
b) Vertical lines – start from the bottom going up
because of its three unique qualities: tensile
or vice versa. It is the line that appears to be
strength, ductility and malleability. The standing
ideal metals for sculptures are alloys
(stainless steel, bronze and brass) c) Diagonal lines – are slanting lines. In visual art
it suggests two meanings, a positive and negative
one. On the positive, it indicates action and
movement. On the negative, it conveys a feeling of 4. Geometric shapes – are the triangles, rectangles,
uncertainty, stress or defeat. squares, cylinders, cubes, etc.
d) Zigzag line – are angular lines that resulted Texture
because of abrupt change in the direction of a
• Refers to the feel or tactile quality of the surface
straight line thus forming angles.
of an object.
[Link] lines – are technically curvilinear lines.
Example:
These lines are found in nature particularly in living
organisms. • Rough or smooth
Color • Fine or coarse
• A property of light, so when the light goes out, • Polished or dull
color goes with it.
• Plain or irregular
• It expresses moods, feelings and personality
Space
Properties of Color
• Space is an illusion in the graphic arts.
[Link] – the name given to the color, for example:
red, green, violet and blue • Created by techniques that adds depth and
distance to two-dimensional art
[Link] – refers to the lightness and darkness of a
color. • In sculpture and architecture, space is actually
present
[Link] – denotes the brightness and dullness of
a color. Movement

Shape • Portrays motion in artworks

• In visual arts, a shape is formed when two ends of 2 ways to present motion or movement
a line meet to enclose an area. [Link] movement in art, specifically in sculptures
Classification of Shapes results in kinetic art. Actual movements may be
achieved naturally using wind and water or
[Link] or organic shapes – are those seen in mechanically through some energy source
nature like the shapes of leaves, animals, (batteries or electricity).
mountains, flowers and seashells.
[Link] movement results when a variety of lines
Shape are used together, repeated, changed in position, or
decreased/increased in size. This gives the
• In visual arts, a shape is formed when two ends of
impression of movement in a stationary two-
a line meet to enclose an area.
dimensional art.
Classification of Shapes
Principles of Art
[Link] or organic shapes – are those seen in
nature like the shapes of leaves, animals, 1. Balance
mountains, flowers and seashells. 2. Scale and Proportion
[Link] shapes – are those that have little or no 3. Emphasis
resemblance to natural objects
4. Contrast
3. Non-objective or biomorphic shapes – seldom
have reference to recognizable objects, but most 5. Unity
often show a similarity to some organic forms 6. Variety
7. Harmony
8. Movement
9. Rhythm 10. Repetition – the elements may appear in the
artwork in a recurring manner
[Link]
11. Pattern – the image created out of repetition.
[Link]
1. Balance – refers to the distribution of the visual
elements in view of their placement in relation to
each other. 3 forms of balance:
• Symmetrical – the elements used on one side are
reflected on the other
• Asymmetrical – the elements are not the same on
each side, putting the heaviness on one side
• Radial – there is a central point in the
composition, around which the elements and
objects are distributed.
2. Scale and Proportion – the size of an object in
relation to another or relative to a whole
composition.
• Natural – relates to the realistic size-relations of
the visual elements in the artwork.
• Exaggerated – this refer to the unusual size-
relation of visual elements
• Idealized – the size-relation of elements achieve
the most ideal size-relation.
3. Emphasis – allows the attention of the viewer to
a focal point, accentuating or drawing attention to
these elements or objects
4. Contrast – the disparity between the elements
that figure into the composition. One object may be
made stronger as compared to other objects
5. Unity – a sense of accord or completeness from
the artwork
6. Variety – the principle that aims to retain the
interest by allowing patches or areas that both
excite and allow the eye to rest.
7. Harmony – elements or objects achieve a sense
of flow and interconnectedness
8. Movement – refers to the direction of the
viewing eye as it goes through the artwork, often
guided by the areas or elements that are
emphasized.
9. Rhythm – this is created when an element is
repeated, creating implied movement