. Magnification. Power of a Lens. Combination of thin lenses in contact.
Refraction of light
tkough a prism. Microscope and Astronomical Telescope (reflecting and refracting ) and their
magnifying powers.
Wave optics: wavefront and Huygens' principle. Laws ofreflection and refraction using Huygens
principle. Interference, Young's double-slit experiment and expression for fringe width, coherent
sources, and sustained interFerence of light. Diffraction due to a single slit, width of central
maximum.. Polarization, plane-polarized light: Brewster's law, uses of plane-polarized light and
Polaroid.
TIN!T I?: DUAL NATURE OF MATTER AND RADIATION
Dual nature of
radiation. Photoelectric effect. Hertz and Lenard's observations; Einstein's
photoelectric equation: particle nature oflight. Matter wbves-wave nature of particle, de Broglie
relation..
UNIT 18: ATOMS AND NUCLEI
Alpha-particle scattering experiment; Rutherford's model of atom; Bohr model, energy levels'
hydrogen spectrum. Composition and size of nucleus, atomic masses, Mass-energy relation, mass
defect; binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number, nuclear fission, and fusion.
UNIT 19: ELECTRONIC DEVICES
Semiconductors; semiconductor diode: I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias; diode as a
rectifier; I-V characteristics ofLED. the photodiode, solar cell, and Zener diode; Zener diode as
a voltage regulator.. Logic gates (OR. AND. NOT. NAND and NOR).
UNIT 20: EXPERIMENTAL SKILLS
Familiarity with the basic approach and observations ofthe experiments and activities:
r. Vemier calipers-its use to measure the intemal and extemal diameter and depth of a vessel.
z. Screw gauge-its use to determine thicknesV diameter ofthin sheet/wire'
r. Simple pendulum-dissipation of energy by plotting a graph between the square of amplitude
and time.
l. Metre Scale - the mass of a given object by the principle of moments'
s. Young's modulus of elasticity of the material of a metallic wire'
o. Surf ace tension of water by capillary rise and effect of detergents,
Co-efficient of Viscosity of a given viscous liquid by measuring terminal velocity of a
given
z.
spherical bodY'
a. Speed of sound in air at room temperature using a resonance tube,
s. Specific heat capacity ofa given (i) solid and (ii) liquid by method of mixtures.
t0. The resistivity of the material of a given wire using a metre bridge'
tt. The resistance of a given wire using Ohm's law'
t2. Resistance and figure of merit of a galvanometer by halfdeflection method.
tr. The focal len4h of;
(i) Convex mirror
(ii) Concave mirror, and
(i0 Convex lens, using the parallax method.
tl. The plot ofthe angle ofdeviation vs angle of incidence for a triangular prism'
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