COLLEGE OF ST.

JOHN – ROXAS
Member: Association of LASSSAI- Accredited Superschools (ALAS)

SELF- LEARNING MODULE AND ACTIVITY SHEETS

Grade Level: 11 Learning Area: General Mathematics Semester/Quarter: 1 Week: 2

Inclusive Dates: 8/21-25/23 Learning Content: Key Concept of Rational Functions

LESSONS AND COVERAGE:

In this module, you will examine these questions when you take this lesson:
Real – life Situations Using Rational Functions
Rational Functions, Equations and Inequalities
Solving Rational Equations and Inequalities
Representations of Rational Functions
The Domain and Range of a Rational Functions
Essential Understanding:
Students will understand that functions can be applied accurately to business problems.

Essential Question:
How can functions affect the business problems?

Learning Competencies:
 represents real-life situations using rational functions (M11GM-Ib-1).
 distinguishes rational function, rational equation, and rational inequality (M11GM-Ib-2).
 solves rational equations and inequalities (M11GM-Ib-3).
 represents a rational function through its: (a) table of values, (b) graph, and (c) equation
(M11GM-Ib-4).
 finds the domain and range of a rational function (M11GM-Ib-5).

Specific Learning Outcomes

I can…
▪ represent real-life situations using rational functions
▪ distinguish rational function, rational equation, and rational inequality
▪ solve rational equations and inequalities
▪ represent rational function through its: (a) table of values, (b) graph, and (c) equation
▪ find the domain and range of a rational function

EXPECTED SKILLS

To do well in this module, you need to remember and do the following:

1. Invoke God’s presence by praying the Lasallian Prayer.
2. Read the instruction carefully before starting anything.
3. Complete all the activities and worksheets given.
4. Use dictionary and the like to find the meaning of the words that you do not understand.
5. Use a notebook to compute your answers (if applicable) and record scores.
6. Review the criteria in the rubrics and evaluate your work using the provided checklist.
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7. Make a timetable for your study. Do not force yourself to answer everything if you are
already tired. Give yourself time to relax.

Introduction
Rational functions can model a number of real-life situations. One particular example is
the help that is extended by the government to the citizen during the time of pandemic. Majority
of our fellow citizens experienced hardship and required help coming from the government. As
a response, they provided a particular amount to a certain percentage of the population that
can be represented as rational function to determine how much either in cash or kind an
individual may receive. However, it is not enough that only the government will take part to
solve this crisis everyone can be part of the solution if we played our role properly. Real-life
situations that involve rational functions is mostly seen in economics and science however other
disciplines also incorporate this concept.

Challenge yourself!
Functions are used to model real life situations and in representing real – life situations
the quantity of one variable depends or corresponds to or mapped onto another quantity.
Consider the examples below and reflect if you are confident enough to proceed.
1. Write a function C that represent the cost of buying alcohol a, if an alcohol costs ₱155.00
C(a) = 155a
2. A commuter pays ₱20.00 for a tricycle ride for the first 5 km and an additional ₱ 0.75 for
every succeeding distance d in kilometer. Represent the situation as function
F(d) = 20, if 0<d<5
F(d) = 20 + 0.75(d), if d>5

REVIEW OF THE PAST LESSON

To prepare you for the topic, let us go back a little bit on the following lessons:
 Polynomial Functions

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Lesson 1: Representing Real-Life Situations Using Rational Functions

Example 1. An object is to travel a distance of 10 meters. Express velocity v as a function of

travel time t, in seconds.
Solution. The following table of values show v for various values of t.

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The function 𝑣(𝑡) = can represent v as a function of t.
𝑡

5𝑡
Example 2. Suppose that 𝑐(𝑡) = (in mg/mL) represents the concentration of a drug in a
𝑡 2 +1
patient's bloodstream t hours after the drug was administered. Construct a table of values for
c(t) for t = 1, 2, 5, 10. Round off answers to three decimal places. Use the table to sketch a graph
and interpret the results.
Solution.
t 0 1 2 5 10
C(t) 0 2.5 2 0.962 0.495

The graph indicates that the maximum drug concentration occurs around 1 hour after the drug
was administered (calculus can be used to determine the exact value at which the maximum
occurs). After 1 hour, the graph suggests that drug concentration decreases until it is almost
zero

Try these!
1. In an organ pipe, the frequency f of vibration of air is inversely proportional to the length L
of the pipe. Suppose that the frequency of vibration in a 10-foot pipe is 54 vibrations per
second. Express f as a function of L.

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2. The distance from Manila to Baguio is around 250 kilometers.
(a) How long will it take you to get to Baguio if your average speed is 25 kilometers per hour?
40 kilometers per hour? 50 kilometers per hour?
(b) Construct a function (s), where s is the speed of travel that describes the time it takes to
drive from Manila to Baguio.

Lesson 2: Rational Functions, Equations and Inequalities.

A rational expression is an expression that can be written as a ratio of two polynomials.
2 𝑥 2 +2𝑥+3 5
Some examples of rational expressions are , , 𝑎𝑛𝑑 .
𝑥 𝑥+1 𝑥−3
The definitions of rational equations, inequalities, and functions are shown below.
Rational Equation Rational Inequality Rational Function
Definition An equation involving An inequality involving 𝑝(𝑥)
A function of the form 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑞(𝑥)
rational expressions. rational expressions.
where p(x) and q(x) is not the zero
function (i.e, q(x)≠0)
Example 2 3 1 5 2 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 3
− = ≤ 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥 2𝑥 5 𝑥−3 𝑥 𝑥+1
A rational equation or inequality can be solved for all x values that satisfy the equation
or inequality. A rational function expresses a relationship between two variables (such as x and
y), and can be represented by a table of values or a graph

Example: Determine whether the given is a rational function, a rational equation, a rational
inequality or none of these.

Try These!

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Lesson 3: Solving Rational Equations and Inequalities.
A. To solve a rational equation:
(a) Eliminate denominators by multiplying each term of the equation by the least common
denominator.
(b) Note that eliminating denominators may introduce extraneous solutions. Check the
solutions of the transformed equations with the original equation.

2 3 1
Example 1. Solve for x: − =
𝑥 2𝑥 5
Solution. The LCD of all the denominators is 10x. Multiply both sides of the equation by 10x and
solve the resolving equation.

𝑥 1 8
Example 2. Solve for x: − =
𝑥+2 𝑥−2 𝑥 2 −4
Solution. Factor each denominator in the rational expression.

Example 3. In an inter-barangay basketball league, the team from Barangay Culiat has won 12
out of 25 games, a winning percentage of 48%. How many games should they win in a row to
improve their win percentage to 60%?
Solution. Let x represent the number of games that they need to win to raise their percentage
to 60%. The team has already won 12 out of their 25 games. If they win x games in a row to
increase their percentage to 60%, then they would have played 12+x games out of their 25+x
12+𝑥
games. The equation is = 0.6. Multiply 25+x to both sides of the equation and solve the
25+𝑥
resulting equation.

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Example 4. Jens walks 5 kilometers from his house to Quiapo to buy a new bike which he uses
to return home. He averaged 10 kilometers faster on his bike than on foot. If his total trip took
1 hour and 20 minutes, what is his walking speed in kph? Use the formula v = d/t.

B. To solve rational inequalities:

(a) Rewrite the inequality as a single rational expression on one side of the inequality symbol
and 0 on the other side.
(b) Determine over what intervals the rational expression takes on positive and negative values.
i. Locate the x values for which the rational expression is zero or undefined (factoring the
numerator and denominator is a useful strategy).
ii. Mark the numbers found in (i) on a number line. Use a shaded circle to indicate that the
value is included in the solution set, and a hollow circle to indicate that the value is
excluded. These numbers partition the number line into intervals.
iii. Select a test point within the interior of each interval in (ii). The sign of the rational
expression at this test point is also the sign of the rational expression at each interior
point in the aforementioned interval.
iv. Summarize the intervals containing the solutions.

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 2𝑥
Example 5. Solve the inequality ≥1
𝑥+1

3 1
Example 6. Solve the inequality <
𝑥−2 𝑥.

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Example 7: A box with a square base is to have a volume of 8 cubic meters. Let x be the length
of the side of the square base and h be the height of the box. What are the possible
measurements of a side of the square base if the height should be longer than a side of the
square base?

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Example 8. A dressmaker ordered several meters of red cloth from a vendor, but the vendor
only had 4 meters of red cloth in stock. The vendor bought the remaining lengths of red cloth
from a wholesaler for P1,120.00. He then sold those lengths of red cloth to the dressmaker along
with the original 4 meters of cloth for a total of P1,600.00. If the vendor's price per meter is at
least P10.00 more than the wholesaler's price per meter, how many additional meters of red
cloth did the vendor purchase from the wholesaler?

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Try These!
Part 1: Try to solve the following

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Part 2: Supplementary Exercises

Lesson 4: Representations of Rational Functions

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Try These!

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Lesson 5: Finding Domain and Range of Rational Functions
Recall:
(a) The domain of a function is the set of all values that the variable x can take.
(b) The range of the function is the set of all values that f(x) will take.
(c) The zeroes of a function are the values of x which make the function zero.
The real numbered zeroes are also x-intercepts of the graph of the function.
(d) The y-intercept is the function value when x=0. Example 1. Consider the function (a) Find its
domain, (b) intercepts, (c) sketch its graph and (d) determine its range.

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Observe that as x approaches –2 from the left and from the right, f(x) gets closer and closer to the line x = –2, indicated in
the figure with a dashed line.
We call this line vertical asymptote which will be discussed in the next module.

Try This!
𝑥−4
 Consider the function f(x) = , find the domain, intercepts, sketch the graph and determine
𝑥+4
the range.

References:
 Versoza, D. M. B. et al (2016). General Mathematics Learner's Material (First Edition., pp. 21-
44). Department of Education.

FOR THE STUDENT AND PARENT/GUARDIAN

Date Accomplished: ____________________________ Date Submitted:________________________________

Signature of Student: ___________________________ Signature of Parent: ____________________________

over Printed Name over Printed Name

PREPARED BY:

MR. JOMARI KENT D. ARROYO, LPT

MATHEMATICS TEACHER

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