Calculus II

Tutorial #3 - Solutions

Problem 1.

To find fx , we keep y, z as constants and differentiate f with respect to x:

∂f ∂
= (1 + xy 2 − 2z 2 ) = 0 + 1.y 2 − 0 = y 2 .
∂x ∂x

Similarly,
∂f ∂
= (1 + xy 2 − 2z 2 ) = 0 + x.2y − 0 = 2xy,
∂y ∂y
and
∂f
= −4z.
∂z

Problem 2.
∂f ∂ p
= (x − y 2 + z 2 ) = 1 − 0 = 1,
∂x ∂x
∂f ∂ p 1 y
= (x − y 2 + z 2 ) = 0 − 2y. p = −p ,
∂y ∂y 2
2 y +z 2 y + z2
2

∂f ∂ p z
= (x − y 2 + z 2 ) = − p .
∂z ∂z y2 + z2

Problem 3.
1 1
fx = 1. = ,
x + 2y + 3z x + 2y + 3z
1 2
fy = 2. = ,
x + 2y + 3z x + 2y + 3z
3
fz = .
x + 2y + 3z

Problem 4.
2 +y 2 +z 2 ) 2 +y 2 +z 2 )
fx = 2x.(−e−(x ) = −2x.e−(x ,
−(x2 +y 2 +z 2 )
fy = −2y.e ,
2 +y 2 +z 2 )
fz = −2z.e−(x .

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Problem 5.

Using the definition of partial derivatives we have:

∂f f (1 + h, 2) − f (1, 2)
= lim
∂x (1,2)
h→0 h
(1 − (1 + h) + 2 − 3(1 + h)2 .2) − (1 − 1 + 2 − 3.12 .2)
= lim
h→0 h
−6h2 − 13h
= lim
h→0 h
= lim (−6h − 13) = −13.
h→0

And
∂f f (1, 2 + h) − f (1, 2)
= lim
∂y (1,2)
h→0 h
−2h
= lim = −2.
h→0 h

Problem 6.

Using the definition of partial derivatives we have:

∂f f (−2 + h, 3) − f (−2, 3)
= lim
∂x (−2,3)
h→0 h
√
2h + 4 − 2
= lim
h→0 h
2h 1
= lim √ = .
h→0 h( 2h + 4 + 2) 2
Doing similarly,
∂f 3
= .
∂y (−2,3) 4

Problem 7.

Definition of the partial derivative ∂f /∂z at (x0 , y0 , z0 ) is

∂f f (x0 , y0 , z0 + h) − f (x0 , y0 , z0 )
= lim .
∂z (x0 ,y0 ,z0 )
h→0 h

We use this definition of partial derivatives to obtain

∂f f (1, 2, 3 + h) − f (1, 2, 3)
= lim
∂z (1,2,3)
h→0 h
12 .2.(3 + h)2 − 12 .2.32
= lim
h→0 h
= lim 2h + 12 = 12.
h→0

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Problem 8.

Definition of the partial derivative ∂f /∂z at (x0 , y0 , z0 ) is

∂f f (x0 , y0 + h, z0 ) − f (x0 , y0 , z0 )
= lim .
∂y (x0 ,y0 ,z0 )
h→0 h

We use this definition of partial derivatives to obtain

∂f f (−1, h, 3) − f (−1, 0, 3)
= lim
∂y (−1,0,3)
h→0 h
= lim 2h + 9 = 9.
h→0

Problem 9.

a. We express dw/dt as a function of t in two ways:

By using the Chain Rule:
dw ∂w dx ∂f dy ∂f dz
= + +
dt ∂x dt ∂y dt ∂z dt
1 1 x + y −1
= .(− sin t).2 cos t + . cos t.2 sin t − .
z z z 2 t2
= 1.

By expressing w in terms of t

cos2 t sin2 t dw
w= + =t⇒ = 1.
1/t 1/t dt

b. Since dw/dt takes the constant value then dw/dt at t = 3 is 1.

Problem 10.

a. Before using the Chain Rule we need to find the following partial derivatives
∂w ∂w ∂w −1
= 2yex , = 2ex , = ,
∂x ∂y ∂z z
and
dx 2t dy 1 dz
= 2 , = 2 , = et .
dt t + 1 dt t + 1 dt
Then using the Chain Rule we obtain
dw ∂w dx ∂f dy ∂f dz
= + + = 4t tan−1 t + 1.
dt ∂x dt ∂y dt ∂z dt

By using the expression of w in term of t: w = 2(t2 + 1) tan−1 t − 1 we have

dw/dt = 4t tan−1 t + 1.

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b. Evaluating dw/dt at the given value of t
dw π
= 4.1. + 1 = π + 1.
dt t=1 4

Problem 11.

Using the Chain Rule we have

∂w ∂w ∂x ∂w ∂y ∂w ∂z
= + +
∂r ∂x ∂r ∂y ∂r ∂z ∂r
= 2(x + y + z) (1 − sin(r + s) + cos(r + s)) .
then using r = 1, s = −1 to obtain
∂w
= 6.
∂r (1,−1)

Problem 12.

First, we need to find that

∂w y ∂w 1 ∂x ∂y
= 2x − 2 , = , = −2, = 1.
∂x x ∂y x ∂v ∂v
Then using the chain rule we get
 
∂w y 1
= (2x − 2 )(−2) + .1 = −7.
∂v (0,0) x x (u,v)=(0,0)

Problem 13. The proof is similar to the proof of Problem 11 and 12, so it is left for
you!

Problem 14.

Let w(x) = F (x, y) = x3 − 2y 2 + xy, then

dw ∂F ∂F dy
0= = +
dx ∂x ∂y dx
then we get the implicit formula
dy Fx 3x2 + y
=− =− .
dx Fy −4y + x
At the point (1, 1)
dy 4
= .
dx 1 3

Problem 15.

Using the implicit formula as in the Problem 14 we get

 
dy 2x + y 4
= − = .
dx 1 x + 2y (1,2) 5