chance for winning in the upcoming
INTRODUCTION TO senatorial election.
STATISTICS → A teacher wishes to determine the
CEE11_JIMENEZ, P. percentage of students who passed
the examination.
→ A basketball player wants to
Statistics estimate his chance of winning the
→ is a collection of quantitative data, most valuable player award based
such as statistics of crimes, statistics on his current season averages and
of enrolment, statistics of the averages of his opponents.
unemployment.
→ is also the study of how to collect,
organize, analyze, and interpret Population
numerical information from data. → It is the set of all individuals or
entities under consideration or
study.
Two Kinds of Statistics → It may be a finite or infinite
Descriptive Statistics collection of objects, events, or
individuals, with specified class or
→ Deals with the methods of characteristics under
organizing, summarizing, and consideration.
presenting a mass of data so as to
yield meaningful information.
Sample
→ part of the population or a sub-
Inferential Statistics collection of elements drawn
→ Deals with making generalizations from the population
about a body of data where only
part of it is examined.
→ This comprises those methods Individuals
concerned with the analysis of a → people or objects included in the
subset of data leading to study.
predictions or inferences about the
entire set of data. Variable
Examples of Descriptive and Inferential characteristic of interest measurable on
Statistics each and every individual in the universe
denoted by any capital letter in the English
→ A bowler wants to and his bowling alphabet
average for the past 12 games.
→ A manager would like to predict,
based on previous years‘ sales, the Types of Variables
sales performance of a company
for the next five years. Qualitative variable
→ A politician would like to estimate, consists of categories or attributes which
based on an opinion poll, his have non-numerical characteristics.
Quantitative variable
consists of numbers representing counts or
measurements
Classification of Quantitative Variable
Discrete quantitative variable
→ results from either a finite number
of possible values or a countable
number of possible values
Continuous quantitative variable
→ results from infinitely many
possible values that can be
associated with points on a
continuous scale
