4.6.
6 Lemma (Riesz Lemma ) : Let M be a closed proper subspace of a normed linear
space N, the for every 0 r 1 there exists a xr N such that
vector ,
xr 1 and d xr, M r
Proof : Let M be a closed proper subspace of a normed linear space N.
Then x N such that x M .
Let d d x, M
inf x m : m M
We know
x M d x, M 0
Since M is closed, M M
Therefore, x M d x, M 0 . This gives d > 0.
Fix any r such that 0 r 1
.
d
Then d .
r
By definition of infimum there exists m0 M such that,
d
d x0 m0 ...... (1)
r
x m0
Define xr
x m0 .
x m0
Then xr 1.
x m0
For any m M , we have,
x m0
xr m m
x m0
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x m0 m x m0
x m0
x m0 m x m0
x m0
x m'
x m0 ,
where m ' m0 m x m0 M .
By definition of d and (1) we have,
xr m x m ' r d r
r , m M
d d
i.e. xr m r , m
d xr mM r
This completes the proof.
4.6.7 Theorem (Riesz) :
A normed space N is finite dimensional if and only if the closed unit sphere in N is
compact.
Proof : Let N be a finite dimensional normed space.
Let S1 0 x N : x 1 be a closed unit sphere in N.
Then S1 0 is closed bounded set in N.
But in a finite dimensional normed space every non-empty closed bounded set is
compact (Corollary 4.6.3)
Therefore S1 0 is compact.
Conversely suppose the closed unit sphere S1 0 in a normed space N is compact.
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