AMRITA VIDYALAYAM, PUDUCHERRY

PHYSICS – VOLUME 2 QUESTIONS FOR CBSE BOARD EXAM 2024 - 25

EM wAVES:
1. Discuss the inconsistency in Ampere’s circuital law. What modification was made by
Maxwell in this law? What is displacement current? Conduction and displacement
current are individually discontinuous but their sum is continuous. Comment.
2. Stare the important properties of displacement current.
3. Explain Maxwell’s equations.
4. Explain how Maxwell was led to predict the existence of electromagnetic waves. How can
these waves be represented mathematically.
5. Obtain an expression for the energy density of an electro magnetic wave. In an
electromagnetic wave, show that the average energy density of the E field equals the
average energy density of the B field.
6. Mention various properties of electromagnetic waves ( intensity, pressure, momentum )
7. Electromagnetic spectrum – wavelength & frequency range, properties, uses,
Production and detection.

RAYOPTICS:
1.State the law of reflection. Derive the relationship between focal length and radius of
curvature of spherical mirror.
2. State mirror formula. Write assumptions used in the derivations of mirror formula. Obtain the
expression for the mirror formula and the linear magnification.
a) Real, inverted, diminished image of an object in concave mirror.
b) Real, inverted, magnified image of an object in concave mirror.
c) Virtual, inverted, magnified image of an object in concave mirror.
d) convex mirror.
3. State the law of refraction and prove the principle of reversibility of light.
4. Define absolute refractive index, relative refractive index and factors on which refractive index
of medium depends.
5. Discuss the refraction through glass slab to shoe i= e and obtain the expression for the lateral
displacement of emergent ray.
6. Draw and explain the relation between apparent depth and real depth.
7. Define Total internal reflection (TIR). Its condition and relation between critical angle and
refractive index.
8. By Stating the sign convention and assumptions used, derive the relation between u, v and R
In convex spherical surface when refraction takes place
a) Optically rarer to optically denser medium and image formed is real.
b) Optically rarer to optically denser medium and image formed is virtual.
c) Optically denser to optically rarer medium and image formed is real.
d) Optically denser to optically rarer medium and image formed is virtual
In concave spherical surface when refraction takes place
a) Optically rarer to optically denser medium
b) Optically denser to optically rarer medium
9. Derive the lens maker equation.
10. State lens formula. By stating sign convention and assumptions derive relation between u, v
and f for a convex lens when it forms (i) real image (2) virtual image and derive its linear
magnification.
11. Derive relation between u, v and f for a concave lens and derive its linear magnification.
12. Define power of lens. Obtain an expression for the effective focal length of 2 thin lens placed
in contact coaxially with each other.
13. Derive the expression for focal length of the combination of 2 thin lenses of f1 and f2 when
they are separated by distance d.
14. Derive the expression for refractive index for prism. (or) Explain the refraction through the
Prism.
15. Draw and explain Simple microscope and its equation for magnification.
16. Draw and explain Compound microscope and its equation for magnification
17. Define Telescope. Draw and explain Astronomical telescope and its equation for
magnification
18. Draw and explain terrestrial telescope and its equation for magnification
19. Draw and explain reflecting telescope.
20. Discuss the advantage and disadvantage of reflecting telescope and refracting telescope.

wAVE-OPTICS
1. Define wave front. State Huygens principle and verify Snell's law.
2. State Huygens principle and prove the laws of reflection on the basis of wave theory.
3. State Huygens principle and prove the laws of refraction on the basis of wave theory (rarer
to denser and denser to rarer).
4. Discuss the action of prism, convex lens and concave mirror when a plane wavefront is
incident on each of them.
5.State the principle of Superposition of waves.
6. What is interference of light? Derive an expression for the intensity at any point on the
observation screen in Young’s double slit experiment. Hence write the conditions for
constructive and destructive interference.
7. Show that the superposition of the waves originating from the two coherent sources S1
and S2 having displacement y1 = a cos 𝝎𝒕 and y2 = a cos (𝝎𝒕 + ∅) at a point produce a
∅
resultant intensity I = 4a2cos2 . Hence write the conditions for the appearance of dark and
𝟐
bright fringes.
8. What are the coherent sources and incoherent sources? Write the conditions for the
sustained interference pattern. Can two independent light sources be coherent.
9. What do you mean by interference of light? Explain in brief the Young's double slit
experiment. Find the conditions for constructive and destructive interference. How does the
intensity depend on the width of slit?
 10. Find the expression for the fringe width. What is the effect on the fringe width if the whole
apparatus (YDSE) is completely immersed in a liquid of refractive index?
11. Derive the expression for the ratio of intensities at maxima and minima in an interference
pattern.
11. What do you mean by diffraction of light and state the condition for the diffraction? Obtain
the conditions for secondary maxima and minima. Also draw the intensity distribution curve.
12. Distinguish between Fresnel and Fraunhoffer diffraction.
13. Explain the phenomenon of diffraction of light at a ingle slit to show the formation of
diffraction fringes. Show graphically the variation of intensity with angle in this diffraction
pattern. Why secondary maxima are less intense than the central maximum?
14. Prove that the width of central maxima is twice the width of the secondary maxima. How
does the width
of central maxima depend on the width of the slit?
15.Give the difference between interference and diffraction.

DUAL NATURE OF RADIATION

1. Define work function of a metal. Describe the phenomenon of photoelectric effect. Briefly
describe the observations of Hertz, Hallawachs and Lenard in this regard. Or Describe Hertz
and Lenard's experiment to demonstrate photoelectric effect.
2. Describe the experiment to study photoelectric effect and explain the laws of photoelectric
effect and
the significance of each.
Explain the effect of (i) intensity of light on photoelectric current
(ii) potential on photoelectric current
(iii) frequency of incident radiation on stopping potential.
3. Explain Einstein's photoelectric equation and explain the laws of photoelectric effect using
it.
4. Draw a graph showing the variation of stopping potential with the frequency of incident
radiation in relation to
photoelectric effect. How can you determine the value of Planck's constant and work function
from this graph? Deduce an expression for the slope of the graph using Einstein’s photoelectric
equation.
5. State and explain de Broglie relation for matter waves.
6. Write the characteristics of Photon.

ATOMS:
1. Explain Geiger Marsden experiment (or) Alpha particle scattering experiment. Or Describe
Rutherford’s experiment on the scattering of alpha particles by a nucleus. Explain the
observations and conclusions of the experiment.
2.Explain how Rutherford’s experiment on scattering of alpha particles led to the estimation of
the size of the nucleus
(or) Derive the expression for the distance of closest approach. Define impact parameter.
3. State Bohr’s postulate. Derive the expression for the radius of nth orbit.
4. Derive the expression for velocity and time period of electron of nth orbit.
5. Derive the expression for energy of electron of nth orbit.
6. Explain spectral series of hydrogen atom. Derive the equation for frequency of hydrogen
atom.
7. Compare the drawbacks of Rutherford and Bohr atom model.
8. Define ionisation energy and ionisation potential and excitation energy and excitation
potential

NUCLEI
1. Define mass defect, packing fraction and binding energy.
2. Draw a plot showing the variation of binding energy per nucleon with mass number. Explain
the importance of binding energy curve.
3. Express atomic mass unit in terms of MeV. Prove that the nuclear density is same for all
nuclei. Give an estimate o nuclear density.
4. Briefly explain the discovery of neutrons and properties of neutrons.
5. What is nuclear force. Give their important properties.
6. Distinguish between nuclear fission and nuclear fusion reaction. Give examples.

SEMICONDUCTORS:
1. Define Rectifier. Explain Half wave rectifier with input and output waveform.
2. Define Rectification. Explain Full wave rectifier with input and output waveform.
3. Explain the function of formation of PN diode and draw graph for VI characteristic curve and
explain it.
4. Distinguish between (i) Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductor (ii) P- type, n-type
semiconductor (iii) conductor, insulator and semiconductor.
5. Explain about forward and reverse bias.
6. Draw energy band diagrams for (i) conductors, insulators, semiconductors. (ii)intrinsic,
extrinsic, p type, n type.