Exercise 2.

10
Prof.Rimsha Amir, MATHEMATICS

Question # 1 d 2S
 4 …….. (ii)
Find two positive integers whose sum is dx2
30 and their product will be maximum. For stationary points put dS 0
Solution dx
 4x  40  0  4x  40
Let x and 30  x be two positive
integers and P denotes product integers  x  10
then Putting value of x in (ii)
P  x(30  x) d 2S
 4 0
 30x  x2 dx2 x10
Diff. w.r.t. x  S is minimum at x  10
dP
 30  2x ……. (i) Other integer  20  x  20 10  10
dx
Hence 10, 10 are the two parts of 20 .
Again diff. w.r.t x
Question # 3
d 2P
  2 …… (ii) Find two positive integers whose sum is
dx2
12 and the product of one with the
For critical points, put dP  0 square of the other will be maximum.
dx
 30  2x  0 Solution
  2x  30  x  15 Let x and 12  x be two  tive
Putting value of x in (ii) integers and P denotes product of one
d 2P with square of the other then
 2  0
dx2 x2 P  x 12 x2
 P is maximum at x  15 
 P  x 144 24x  x2 
Other  tive integer  30  x  x3  24x2 144x
 30 15  15 Diff. w.r.t x
Hence 15 and 15 are the required dP
 3x2  48x 144 ... (i)
positive numbers. dx
Question # 2 Again diff. w.r.t x
d 2P
Divide 20 into two parts so that the sum  6x  48 … (ii)
of their squares will be minimum. dx2
Solution For critical points put dP  0
dx
Let x be the part of 20 then other
3x  48x 144  0
2
is 20  x .
Let S denotes sum of squares then  x2 16x  48  0
 x2  4x 12x  48  0
S  x2  20  x2
 x x  412 x  4  0
 x2  400  40x  x2
 2x2  40x  400
 x  4x 12 0

Diff. w.r.t x  x  4 or x  12
dS  We can not take x  12 as sum of
4x  40 …… (i)
dx integers is 12 . So put x  4 in (ii)
Again diff. w.r.t x
Prof. Rimsha Amir
FSc- II / Ex- 2.10 - 2

d 2P  x  y  16  6  x  y  10
 6(4)  48
dx2 x4
 y  10  x …….. (i)
 24  48   24  0 Now suppose A denotes the square of
 P is maximum at x  4 . the area of triangle then
So the other integer  12  4  8 A  s s  a s  bs  c
Hence 4, 8 are the required integers. Where s  a  b  c  6  x  y
2 2
Alternative Method: (by Irfan  6  x 10  x from (i)
2
Mehmood: Fazaia Degree College
 16  8
Risalpur) 2
Let x and 12  x be two positive integers So A  88  68  x8  y
and P denotes product of one with
 828  x8 10  x
square of the other then
 16 8 x2  x
P  x2 12 x
 P  12x2  x3  
 16 16  2x  8x  x2
Diff. w.r.t x  A  16 16 10x  x 
2

dP
 24x  3x2 ……. (i) Diff. w.r.t x
dx dA
Again diff. w.r.t x  16 10 2x ……… (i)
dx
d 2P
 24  6x ……. (ii) Again diff. w.r.t x
dx2 d2A
 16 2   32
For critical points put dP  0 dx2
dx dA
24x  3x  0
2 For critical points put dx  0
 3x x  8  0 16 10 2x  0
 x  0 or x  8  10 2x  0   2x  10
We cannot take x  0 as given integers  x5
are positive. So put x  8 in (ii) Putting value of x in (ii)
d 2P
 24  6(8) d2A
  32  0
dx2 x8 dx2 x5
 24  48   24  0
 A is maximum at x  5
 P is maximum at x  8 .
Putting value of x in (i)
So the other integer  12  8  4 y  10  5  5
Hence 4, 8 are the required integers. Hence length of remaining sides of
Question # 4 triangles are 5cm and 5cm .
The perimeter of a triangle is 16cm . If Question # 5
one side is of length 6cm, What are Find the dimensions of a rectangle of
length of the other sides for maximum largest area having perimeter 120cm.
area of the triangle. Solution
Solution Let x and y
Let the remaining sides of the be the length and
triangles are x and y breadth of rectangle, y
Perimeter  16 then
 6  x  y  16 Area  A  xy ….. (i) x

Prof. Rimsha Amir

 FSc- II / Ex- 2.10 - 3

Perimeter  120 dP
dx 
 2 136x2  … (ii)
 x  x  y  y  120
 2x  2y  120 Again diff. w.r.t x
 x  y  60 d 2P
dx 2

 2 0 36 2x3  
 y  60  x ……. (ii)
Putting in (i)  2 72x3 
 3
144
x

A  x 60  x
 A  60x  x2
For critical points put dPdx
0

Diff. w.r.t x
dA
 
2 136x2  0  1 362  0
x
 60  2x ……….. (iii) 36
dx  1 2  x 2  36  x   6
Again diff. w.r.t x x
d2A Since length can not be negative
  2 ………… (iv)
dx2 therefore
x6
For critical points put dA  0
dx Putting value of x in (ii)
60  2x  0   2x   60 d 2P 144
 x  30   0
dx2 x6 63
Putting value of x in (iv)
Hence P is minimum at x  6 .
d2A
 2  0 Putting in eq. (i)
dx2 x30
36
 A is maximum at x  30 y   6
6
Putting value of x in (ii) Hence 6cm and 6cm are the lengths of
y  60  30  30 the sides of the rectangle.
Hence dimension of rectangle is 30cm, Question # 7
30cm. A box with a square base and open top
Question # 6 is to have a volume of 4 cubic dm. Find
Find the lengths of the dimensions of the box which will
the sides of a require the least material.
y
variable rectangle Solution
having area 36cm2
x Let x be the
when its perimeter
is minimum. lengths of the sides of
Solution the base and y be the
Let x and y be the length and height of the box. y
breadth of the rectangle then Then Volume
Area  xy  xx y x
 36  xy  4  x y 2 x

 y  36 x … (i)  y  42 … (i)
x
Now perimeter  2x  2 y
Suppose S denotes the surface area of
 
 P  2x  2 36 x the box, then
S  x2  4xy

 2 x  36x 1

Diff. P w.r.t x  S  x2  4x  42 
x 
Prof. Rimsha Amir
FSc- II / Ex- 2.10 - 4

 S  x2 16x1 lining the inside of the tank with lead

Diff. S w.r.t x will be least.
dS Solution
 2x 16x2 ... (ii)
dx Let y be the height of the open
Again diff. w.r.t x tank.
d 2S
dx2
 2 16 2x3   Then Volume = x  x  y
 V  x2 y
 2  323 … (iii)  y  V
x ……….. (i)
x2
dS  0
For critical points, put If S denotes the surface area the open
dx
16 tank, then
2x 16x 2  0  2x  2  0 S  x 2  4xy
x
2x 16   x2  4x  2 
3 V
 0
x2 x 
 2x3 16  0  2x3  16  S  x2  4Vx1
 x3  8  x 2 Diff. w.r.t x
Putting in (ii) dS
 2x  4Vx2 …….. (ii)
dx
d 2S  2  32  0 Again diff. w.r.t x
dx2 x2 23
 S is min. when x  2
d 2S
dx 2
 2  4V 2x 3  
Putting value of x in (i) 8V
 2  3 …………. (iii)
4 x
y   1
22 For critical points, put dS 0
dx
Hence 2dm, 2dm and 1dm are the
dimensions of the box. 2x  4Vx2  0  2x  4V2  0
x
Question # 8  2x  4V  0  2x 3  4V  0
3

Find the dimensions of a rectangular x2

garden having perimeter 80 meters if its  2x3  4V  x3  2V
area is to be maximum. 1
Solution  x  2V 3
Do yourself as question # 5. Putting in (ii)
Question # 9 d 2S  2 8V
dx2 x2V 
1
3
 
2V 3
1 3

 2  8V  2  4  6  0
2V
1
 S is minimum when x  2V 3
3
y
x
i.e. x  2V
3
 V 2
x Putting in (i)
x x3
2 x
An open tank of square base of side x y  
x2 2
and vertical sides is to be constructed to
contain a given quantity of water. Find Hence height of the open tank is 2x .
the depth in terms of x if the expense of
Prof. Rimsha Amir
 FSc- II / Ex- 2.10 - 5

Since x can not be zero or ive,

Question # 10 therefore
Find the dimensions of the rectangular x  4 2
of maximum area which fits inside the Putting in (iv)
semi-circle of radius 8cm
 
d2 f 2
 512  48 4 2
dx2
x4 2
 512  4832  512 1536
 1024  0
 Area is max. for x  4 2
Solution
Hence length = 2x  
 2 4 2
Let 2x & y be dimension of
64  4 2 
2
rectangle. Breadth = y 
Then from figure, using Pythagoras  64  32  32  4 2
theorem
x2  y2  82 Hence dimension is 8 2 cm and
4 2 cm.
 y2  64  x2 ……….. (i)
Now Area of the rectangle is given by Question # 11
A  2x  y Find the point on the curve y  x2 1
Squaring both sides that is closest to the point 3,1
A2  4x2 y2 Solution
Let P x, y  be point and let

 4x2 64 x2  A3,1.
 256x2  4x4
Now suppose Then d  AP  x  32  y 12
f  A2  256x2  4x4 ……….. (ii)  d2  x  32  y 12

 
Diff. w.r.t x
 x  32  x2 1 1
2
df  512x 16x3 ……….. (iii)
dx ∵ y  x2 1 (given)
Again diff. w.r.t x
 d 2  x  32  x4
d2 f
 512  48x 2 ………. (iv)
dx 2 Let f  d 2  x  3 2  x4 .
Diff. w.r.t x
For critical points, put df  0 df
dx  2 x  3 4x3 ………… (i)
 512x 16x  0 3 dx
 
Again diff. w.r.t x
 16x 32 x2  0
d2 f
 2 12x2 ……… (ii)
 16x  0 or 32  x2  0 dx2

 x 0 or x2  32
For stationary points, put df  0
dx
 x  4 2
2x  3 4x  0
3

Prof. Rimsha Amir

FSc- II / Ex- 2.10 - 6

 2x  6  4x3  0 2  20

 4x3  2x  6  0 4
This is complex and not acceptable.
 2x3  x  3  0 ing by 2 Now put x 1 in (ii)
By synthetic division d2 f
2
 2 12(1)2 = 14 > 0
dx x1
1 2 0 1 -3
 d is minimum at x 1.
 2 2 3
Also y  12 1  0.
2 2 3 0
Hence 1,0 is the required point.
[

 x 1 or 2x2  2x  3  0 Question # 12
Find the point on the curve y  x2 1
2  4  4(2)(3) that is closest to the point 18,1
 x  Solution
4
Do yourself as Q # 11

Prof. Rimsha Amir