Revision worksheet
Section 1: Binary
To convert binary to decimal, follow these steps:
1. Write the binary number.
2. Multiply each digit by 2position (starting from 0 on the right till 7).
3. Add up all the results.
Example: Convert 1010 to decimal.
1010= (1x23) + (0x22) +(1x21) +(0x20) = 8+0+2+0= 10
So, 1010 in binary = 10 in decimal.
Convert from binary to decimal:
101010=
1110=
10001=
1001=
To convert decimal to binary, follow these steps:
1. Write binary place values: 2n (e.g., 8,4,2,1).
2. Start from the highest value (2n) and check if it fits into the decimal number:
o If yes, write 1 and subtract that value.
o If no, write 0.
3. Repeat for the next place value until you reach 20
Example: Convert 13 to binary.
Place values: 8,4,2,1.
13≥8: Write 1, subtract 8 → Remaining 5.
5≥4: Write 1, subtract 4 → Remaining 1.
1≥21: Write 0.
1 ≥ 1 : Write 1.
Answer: 13 in decimal = 1101 in binary.
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Convert from decimal to binary:
123=
38=
67=
54=
Section 2: Logic gates
AND Gate:
Output is 1 only when both inputs are 1.
Truth Table:
A B output
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
OR Gate:
Output is 1 if at least one input is 1.
Truth Table:
A B output
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1
NOT Gate:
Output is the opposite of the input.
Truth Table:
A output
0 1
1 0
Draw and label the symbols for the following gates: AND, OR.
Create truth tables for the following gates:
a) AND gate
b) OR gate
c) NOT gate 2
Draw and label the symbol for each logic gate used in each scenario.
Create a truth table showing the input-output relationship based on the giving conditions.
Scenario 1: Automatic Sprinkler System
The sprinkler system activates if the soil moisture is low and it’s not raining.
Scenario 2: Security Alarm System
The alarm sounds if a motion sensor detects movement or a door sensor is triggered.
Scenario 3: Nightlight Control System
A nightlight automatically turns off if the surrounding area becomes bright.
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Section 4: network topologies
Where to
Topology Definition Advantages Disadvantages Best Cases
Use
- Single cable
All devices - Simple, low
failure disrupts
share a single cost. - Small - Limited
network.
Bus communication - Easy to set networks devices with
- Prone to
line (main up and (cafés). low traffic.
traffic
cable). extend.
bottlenecks.
- Reliable,
- Central hub
Devices are easy to - Moderate
failure affects
connected to a troubleshoot. - Offices, traffic, need
Star the network.
central hub or - Scalable, schools. centralized
- More cabling
switch. high control.
required.
performance.
- Orderly data - Failure in one
Devices are
flow, reduced connection - Sequential
connected in a
collisions. disrupts - Museums, communication,
Ring circular path,
- Easy to network. small setups. controlled
data flows in
predict data - Difficult to traffic.
one direction.
movement. scale.
- High
Every device is reliability, - Data
- Expensive, - High reliability
connected to redundancy. centres,
Mesh complex needed, critical
every other - Continuous conservation
setup. systems.
device. operation if centres.
one link fails.
1. Draw a simple diagram of each of the bus, ring, star and mesh topologies.
2. Describe a situation in which a ring topology might be less effective than a star topology.
Discuss network traffic and potential bottlenecks.
3. Describe a situation in which a bus topology might be less effective than a ring topology.
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Discuss network traffic and potential bottlenecks.
4. Describe a situation in which a star topology might be less effective than a mesh topology.
Discuss network traffic and potential bottlenecks.
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