Transfer function to Bode Plots
Procedure :
① Observe the initial slope: The initialslope
guies the no. of poles & zeros at origin
If initial slope → +we → zeros at origin
If initial slope → -he → poles at origin
② Find the change in slope at each & every
-
corner freq.
If change in slope → the → finite zero
If change in slope → -he → finite pole
③ Find K value by using known magnitude
at known freq.
♀ Find the transfer fun to the given asymptotic
magnitude plot
+ 180-300
" "dB) 0-60-0=-60 ◦ A I'm-400
- Goddle
so ↓
+40dB ☑ go #%
<
" .
OdB♀ I 50 500 600 IK 2k 5k
2 ⑳ 100
- 120
r - 400
ON
200 200 .
0-1-60%140
= +6? -today 120dB/dec
Sol" The initial slope is o.ie there are no poles
& zeros at origin
i.
1st = K
lown .
Changeinslope → -60=-20×3 - 20N
at 2 + 20N
- aslope 3 finite poles
α
poles.
changein slope → +60 = +20×3
at 10 ~
/
zeros no-of zeros
too 3 finitezeros at 10
→ (1 8.) (It#" (HS %+÷)"(+:)
GIS)H(5) = K 200
15 20
CHIC'+3)'('+E)%:o) It S
IK
(+ ¾
(1-sep
- 100 =-20×5
+ 220 = +20×11
Z
- 120 =-20×6
+ 200 = +20×10
L
Z
180 = +20×9
zK
-380=-20×15
*
- 400 =-20×20
Considering knownmag.atknownfreq, 8£
4%, o.fdologk-bologffgjtbolog -1%5-100 log 4¥05...
- .
substtlitigw-0.it , the 2nd, 3rd & other higher
order terms will become very small 4 so
can be neglected.
Therefore,
40 = 20 log K
⇒ 40 leg,I
20
⇒ K= 18 = 100.
-
* No-need to consider values which are greater
than w (w is the freq at which the magnitude
is known)
mind B) -60
1 ☒ A so
+20 -40-0 =-40
24
A -40
2 25
⅔ 5
Salt
Initialslope
+40dB/dec
+20×2
I ↓ .
2 Zat origin
↗"
GIS) Hls) = k s-(1+5/5)
(1+2)%1 + %
↓
soju.
24/no, = hologk + 20 logs}@)
= 20 logk + 40 log to
⇒ 24 = 2ologk + 40 log 1
⇒ ⅔ logit
12
> K = 101 101? = 15.84=16.
Bode Plotis used to find the 4s stability
GM, PM
Wgc, Wpc
classification of systems:
MPS APS NMPS
This classification is based on the position of zeros
The poles must lie on the left of splane only.
→ Bode plot are valid for min phase systems
① Minimum Phase System
/
.
Eg: Stl
(8+2) (5+3)
A system in which all the finite poles &
zeroes lie in the left half of splane
② All Pass System
Eg: (5-1) (5-25+2)
(5+1) (5425+2)
→ In this system, all the zeroes lie on the right
half of s plane & all poles lie on the left
half of s plane, which are symmetrical
about imaginary asies
→ APS gives mag. of 1 & phase angle varies
between ± 180
dB
constant.
0dB - co
- 188
Magnitude & Phase characteristics of an
APS
③ Non-minimum Phase System
jw
Eg: (8+1) (5-2)
⑤_+ 3) (-5+4)
→ A system in which one or more zeros lie on
the RH of s plane & remaining all poles &
zeros lie on the left half of splane.
→ NMPS = (5+1)/5+2) X LS-2
(5+3) (5+4) £+21
APS
MPS
NMPS = MPS ✗ APS
∅ NMPs = ∅Mps + PAPS.
Identify the curves (a) (b) (c) in the given
&
plot & classify the system.
4
0°
(a)
- 98÷ MPS.
(b) - 180? → APS
↳
- 270
NMPS.
-90+1-180) = -270.
CLS Stability
Ch-eqN→ 1+915 HIS)-0
⇒ 915)-HIS =-I
s→jw
G(jw)Hljw) = -It.jo →①.
magnitude
191just/just = 1- itj.cl = 1 (linear)
Mini dB = 2ologt = 0dB.
Wgc.
Gain crossover freq (Wgc):
The freq at which the
magnitude is. 1 (in linear) & 0 (in dB) is called
the gain crossover freq
Phase
= 180'
LGIjWJHIjw) = 41+8.0
- 180
hope.
Phase crossover freq (Wpc): The freq at which the
phase angle is-180 is called phase crossover
freq
Gain margin (Gm)
GM = (linear).
/Gljo,#189/wipe
(indB).
GM = -20 log/Gljugtljwdu.pe
MaidB
Gar =
- MindB/w=wpc.
- .
Phase margin (PM)
PM = 180'+ LG(jw) HAD/wage
Condition for stability
→ If copo > wgc
⇒ GM. por.{the}
> I inanian}
the in dB
⇒ System will be stable.
→ If Wpc = Wgc
⇒ GM 1 unlinian} PM = 0°
{o indB
⇒ Sys will bearginally stable
→ If wpcc wge
⇒ GM. PMS-ve}
a interior}
- newidB
⇒ Sys will be unstable.
♀ Identify the stability for the given Bode Plot.
Mind
wge
0dB
-40dB - -
4
- 100°
Wpc
-180?
From diag , Wpc > Wgc → Stable.
GM: -M ended/cope
=-(-40dB) = 40dB (the)
PM= 180 + LGHIJ.WS/wgc
= 180 -100
= 80°. (the).
Since; GM & pre are + m.
Therefore, system is stable
-
☒ Homeworks, was Findsys Stability.
0dB.
20
→ so
