COEP Technological University, Pune
(A Public University of Government of Maharashtra, Pune-411005)
Department of Mathematics
(MA-23004) Matrix Algebra, Univariate Calculus and Probability
F.Y. [Link]. Autumn Semester 2024-25 (Mech, Meta, Mfs, Robotics)
Tutorial 3
Topic : Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors of a Matrix
Course Co-ordinator : Dr. Kiran Dalvi
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(1) Answer the following.
(a) Define eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a matrix and state
any two properties of each.
(b) Give geometric interpretation of eigenvectors of a matrix.
(c) Define characteristic polynomial of a matrix and find the
characteristic polynomials of the following matrices.
3 1 −1 1 1 1
1 2
, 1 3 −1, 1 1 1
0 5
−1 −1 5 1 1 1
(d) Prove that the eigenvalues of a square matrix A are the
roots of the characteristic equation of A.
(e) Show that for any square matrix A, eigenvalues of A and
AT are equal.
(f) Two matrices A and B are said to be similar if there
exist an invertible matrix P such that P −1AP = B.
Show that similar matrices have same eigenvalues.
(g) Let P (A) be a polynomial matrix in A and λ be an eigen-
value of A then show that P (λ) is an eigenvalue of P (A).
1
(2) Find the eigenvalues and corresponding eigenvectors of each
of the following matrix A. Also state the algebraic and geo-
metric multiplicy of each eigenvalue.
2 0 −1
0 1 0.8 −0.6
A= ,A= , A = 0 12 0 ,
0 1 0.6 0.8
1 0 4
2 1 1
A = −11 4 5.
−1 1 0
(3) The trace of an n × n matrix A = [ajk ] is the sum of the
diagonal entries, trace A = a11 + a22 + ... + ann. The trace
of matrix A is denoted as tr(A).
Let A be a 2 × 2 matrix with tr(A) = −1 and det(A) = −6.
Find the eigenvalues of the matrix A.
(4) Show that the characteristic equation of a 2 × 2 matrix A
can be expressed as λ2 − tr(A)λ + det(A) = 0, where tr(A)
is the trace of A.
(5) Prove that a square matrix A is invertible if and only if λ = 0
is not an eigenvalue of A.
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