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An Efficient Smart Agriculutre Monitoring System Using Iot

Article in Topics in Early Childhood Special Education · June 2022

DOI: 10.9756/INT-JECSE/V14I2.407

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 International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education (INT-JECSE)
DOI: 10.9756/INT-JECSE/V14I2.407 ISSN:1308-5581 Vol 14, Issue 02, 2022

An Efficient Smart Agriculutre Monitoring System Using Iot

1
Dr P Praveen1,Dr M Sheshikala2, Ch Venugopal3,A Venkatesh3, K Prudhivi3
1,2 Associate Professor,School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence,SR University,Warangal,Telangana State,India
3,
Computer Science and Engineering,SR University,Warangal, Telangana State, India.

prawin1731@[Link], marthakala08@[Link], chvenugopal12@[Link], venkateshalakunta44@[Link],

koreprudhvi@[Link]

Abstract: IOT (Internet of things), which is form of technology where it simplifies the daily life work and makes easy. India has
agriculture as its primary and main occupation. The main problem faced by the farmers in agriculture is about monitoring the parameters
such as soil moisture, temperature and humidity. To overcome those problems, we have proposed this system.
The system consists of microcontroller and sensors like soil moisture sensor, soil temperature sensor and humidity sensor. Here IOT
based smart farming monitoring system is proposed. The intention for approaching smart agriculture is to increase its agricultural
productivity and to make it easier for the farmer to control over the parameters.
In the proposed system we are going to monitor real time parameters of soil and environment through various soil and environmental
monitoring sensors. The data from these sensors are periodically sent to cloud through ESP32. But the main limitation with this model is
that we cannot use ESP32 module when we are offline, we need to have Internet for getting the results. Cloud stores the details of these
sensors and analysis is done on the stored cloud data for proper management of the water levels and moisture levels. This model is useful
to decrease the hard work to be done by farmer and increases efficiency and saves a lot of time by giving an analysis.
Keywords—Classification, clustering, IOT, Machine Learning, Smart Agriculture, Sensors,

I. INTRODUCTION
Agriculture also needs to keep up with the trend as the world is bursting with new technologies and implementation. There is
a lot of research going on in the field of agriculture. Most projects refer to the use of a wireless sensor network, which collects
data from different sensors installed on different nodes and sends it via a wireless protocol The collected data provide
information about various environmental factors. Monitoring environmental factors to increase crop yields is not a complete
solution. There are many other factors that can greatly reduce productivity. Therefore an automatic process should be
implemented in agriculture to overcome these problems Therefore, in order to provide a solution to all such problems, it is
necessary to develop an integrated system that takes care of all the factors that affect productivity at each stage. Due to the
fact that full mechanization in agriculture has not been achieved but is not a problem. Although it is implemented at the
research level, it is not given as a product to the farmers to benefit from the resources. Therefore this paper deals with
developing smart farming using IoT and providing it to farmers[16-18].
According to the survey, global population growth is projected to reach around 10 billion by 2060. However, the demand for
food grains will increase abruptly in these years due to population. Unfortunately, food grain is low compared to population
growth. Worldwide food production should improve in the coming years for this reason.
IoT has recently given a strong impression on the agricultural sector with a wide range of sensors used for various smart
farming objectives. IoT applications are on the rise in the coming year due to learning about the technology[12-15]
Connecting multiple interconnected devices such as multiple sensors, drivers and smart objects to mobile devices via Internet
usage. IoT services include sharing information with intellectual control and decision-making services due to the many cloud-
based remote data collection[1][12]. Such capabilities can provide efficient production to the smart farming industry.
Improving modernized farming with the exploration of the IoT area of interest in the field of agriculture is the traditional
approach of agriculture. IoT development has brought many benefits in all areas compared to last year. IoT is scalable
software, hardware, cost-effective. A key element for the integration of different measuring components for smart architecture
Schedule all activities including irrigation, plant growth, disease detection by its leaf and product management in smart
agriculture sector[13][14][19]
This IoT cost is very reasonable for all farm solutions with IoT based smart farming. Researchers have introduced a number
of sensors that are technologically advanced to increase productivity in agriculture. Therefore, to achieve the goal Gradually,
many new innovations can be combined with traditional agriculture. With multiple sensors and described in green nature, IoT
can intelligently build agriculture[2-6].
Since framing is a major sector in our country we need to upgrade our self-reliance in smart farming activities and apply
technology in our sectors so that framing can facilitate everyone and reduce migration[20-21]. The food production country

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 International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education (INT-JECSE)
DOI: 10.9756/INT-JECSE/V14I2.407 ISSN:1308-5581 Vol 14, Issue 02, 2022
here needs a good passion for technology so that people can get interested in working in the field of providing them with all
the values and readings online through wireless protocols. People Developing a crop seems like a daunting task, but as a food
producing country we cannot take a step back in growing a crop field. They are not only a lot of factors for people to quit
framing, so make sure it is easy for them but not bother them[8-11].
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
Patil K. A et al, introduced a ICT agriculture model, where ICT plays important role in agriculture. In agriculture weather, soil
condition and pests etc. This information is required to examine the plant condition and able to improve the production. Predicting
rapid change of climate in agriculture. ICT model helps to achieve the resources, and can be utilized. This technique can be
achieved by wireless connection only and within in the short distance.
Joaquín Gutiérrez et al. Proposed an agriculture model on 2014 which optimizes water usage in agriculture field. Water is essential
resource, to maintain water moisture in agriculture field an algorithm is developed based on microcontroller. A threshold value
which a limit for water moisture in the land which alerts the farmer to water the agriculture. The data which will uploaded to the
cloud using cellular internet. Here is the main problem the electricity.
Shakthi Priya N et al., Did a research on the sensors in 2014 which are used in the agriculture sector. The wireless technology
which are used in agriculture. Collecting the value of the soil moisture using soil moisture sensor and based on the value water
will be supplied to field. The model which is used in the agriculture field will send the sms to the farmer it also sends the value
of soil ph to the farmer through sms using gsm module used in the model.
BezaNegashGetu et al. (2015), It researched on the design and the working of an electronic system for automatic controlling of
water pumps that are used for fields in agricluture or for the plant watering based on the level of soil moisture sensor. The speed
of the motor is changed according to the level of the soil moisture content; the motor will be turned off during the maximum wet
and is running with HIGH speed during dry soil conditions respectively. The duration of water pumping is controlled by a timer
circuit. The system is tested with a simulation software called as NI MULTISM. Both DIAC and TRIAC techniques are used.
The problem is that it does not support [Link] water levels and uses pervious techniques.
G. Meena Kumari et al. (2014), This approach is proposed by wireless technology sensor networks where it is used for controlling
and monitoring remotely anywhere from the world. It is used monitor and control the greenhouse parameters in agriculture field.
In this approach the bus concept and data transfer which mainly controlled by the hybrid technology which is also a automated
system, which be operated both wired and wireless which improves the performance and throughout. The wireless technology
which used in this system is Zigbee and it is based on the protocols of IEEE 802.15.4. Here this system is used to monitor the
atmospheric conditions. This system can be controlled over online from anywhere. In this system Ethernet is used, which is used
for online controlling system, the ethernet protocols are under IEEE 802.3. A process is implemented which is used to save the
water, the process name Partial Root Zone Drying process. It can be controlled over Controlled Area Network (CAN) and Hybrid
networks. The system uses traditional communication system. In future studies this system can be used with optical
communication system with wave length routing network. There can be done many implementation in future.
Nikhil Agrawal et al. (2015), they proposes a design for home automation system using ready-to-use, cost effective and energy
efficient devices including raspberry pi, Arduino microcontrollers, X bee modules and relay boards. By using of these components
results in overall cost effective, scalable and robust implementation of system. Use of these components results in overall cost
effective, scalable and robust implementation of system. The Drip irrigation system makes the efficient use of fertilizer and water.
The Arduino of Freedonia flavour is used in this design. To proceed with the drip irrigation system an email is sent to a particular
account holder. The problem is that the failure of any part in particular or device is not informed and has to be tested at our own
will. And not efficient for large fields.
HemlataChanne1 et al. (2015),it reviews the use of modernized techniques such as Internet-of-Things (IoT), Sensors, Cloud-
Computing, Mobile Computing, Big-Data analysis in agricultural sector. Soil and environment properties are sensed and
continuously sent to Argo Cloud through IoT. Bigdata analysis on Argo Cloud data is done for fertilizer requirements, best crop
sequences analysis, total production, and current stock and market requirements. It is used for increase in the agricultural
production and for cost control of Argo products. The system does not include another soil nutrient sensors and does not produce
exact data.
Keerthana B 1, Nivetha P 2, Mathivathani M 3 states that IOT based agriculture system is very important to the farmers which
avoids the interaction of human in the crop field so that we can get good quality and quantity of crop at low cost and efficient
way of working.
[Link], [Link] Farm Field Monitoring And Irrigation Automation Using IoT International Journal of Engineering
&Technology, vol.7. explains us that there is every need of sensor in this project where we can monitor each and every element
of the irrigation and agriculture part. This makes the use every sensor useful in many ways and can be monitored wirelessly and
anywhere of the world.

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 International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education (INT-JECSE)
DOI: 10.9756/INT-JECSE/V14I2.407 ISSN:1308-5581 Vol 14, Issue 02, 2022
Human Jamal, AbhilshaLal, ShashankSingh,R. SaiSwaplin,ShamimBano, ShailendraSingh, these researchers tells us about the
auto irrigation system using IOT which the wastage of water is avoided and the crop gets the water according to the need where
the information of soil moisture Is gather and analysed and the instructions takes place. This every work is doen in smartphone
with the need of soil moisture sensor.
G. Sushanth a researcher states that’s the novel smart system monitoring of farming is more important with all the necessary
sensors and there part of work. And also he says that the connectivity is much more important which we as users need to monitor
it at any time and from anywhere. And also we can detect the animals moving around and detect in time before destroying the
crops through the help of sensors.
Divya J., Divya M.,Janani V states that the agriculture is the profession which makes the India great and famous country in the
world of modern technology. They stated that the main pur-pose of this project is embedded-based soil monitoring and irrigation
system where there is no need of visiting or staying in the field for much more hours were the work is done at sitting in the home
and monitoring about the commands given to the sensors and make the rules either manual or automatic.
H.G.C.R. Laksiri, H.A.C. Dharmagunawardhana, J.V. Wijayakulasooriya Development of an effective loT-based smart
irrigation system is also a crucial demand for farmers in the field of agriculture. This research develops a low-cost, weather-based
smart watering system. To begin, an effective drip irrigation system must be devised that can automatically The researchers
H.G.C.R. Laksiri, H.A.C. Dharmagunawardhana, J.V. Wijayakulasooriya states that the Development of an effective loT-based
smart irrigation system is much more important in the field of smart agriculture system. As every sensor must be provided and
monitored and work must be done according to the need. And also these must be done in the low cost and efficient way of
controlling the conditions either manually or automatically in the dependency of the user. And the main thing in developing is
weather-based smart watering system.
These researchers Anushree Math, Layak Ali, Pruthviraj U states that the India represents agriculture and plays a vital role in the
world. And they believe that water which makes the crop in perfection of art. So we use the Raspberry pi camera for monitoring
the crop where no excess or lack of water will reach to the crop how is needed is only sent and we can have the very good output.
This data is read and analised in the website which we use and there are automatic and manually controlled plant watering system.
These group of researchers so called as Dweepayan Mishra, Arzeena Khan, Rajeev Tiwari, Shuchi Upadhaye, have proposed
the terrain- specific programmable water system, which is very needed for the farmers who lives in terrain type of lands. Here
the arduino kit is needed and the sensors which shows uses of it and water and other instructions are done according to the
necessary actions were the work is done according to the analysis of the data.
As we can see 2 researchers called Aman jain and Abhay kumar they proposed a new element in the utilization of IOT and they
also added the image processing in which these things represents the mineral composition the effects the crop increment. They
also proposed the controlling level of water level in the farming field and also represents the measurement of temperature and
humidity .
Here the researcher Dr V. Nagaveni talks and explains us about the greenhouse monitoring system based on Zigbee connectivity
which is being replaced by the many other connections like Arduino uno and etc., and took the control nodes from CC2530F256
as the main important component which controls the environment data. This ZigBee consists of the terminal node which
analysis’s of temperature from the temperature sensor and sends the data to user at the same time called real-time processing, and
from the terminal node the data is sent to intermediate node reads the data , and after that the data is sent to PC through the serial
port. Here comes the interesting part which the process is done behind and we can watch everything on time even the process is
running behind that’s why we choose Zigbee.
The researcher Adithya vadapalli have proposed different modalities for the farming field which needs the use of modern
technology where we can check and make the field/land wet by the drip irrigation process were the motor gets the commands
from the user and sends the water through the pipeline provided in the field/land. Which we call this process water level
management. This is being done by the Bluetooth model for receiving and sending the data were we have some limits which we
need the limited range and the device should be accommodated.
These researchers called Anand Nayyar and Er. Vikram puri has the crucial role in the object and aim of this paper which explains
why they have to call the Novel smart IOT based Agriculture assisting farmers in getting the live from of data from the sensors
which are fixed for their exclusive use.
As called efficient environment monitoring which makes the farmers easy and also lazy of their work because physical damage
to the body is more than anything to them as they do their work without watching the weather may be its rainy,sunny,cloudy etc,.
this things enables the word smart farming and also increases the product quality. Talking of the farmers in India our country is
known as the mother which produces maximum amount of food in the world but the farmers in India are struggling and getting
suicides as we can see in newspapers and internet which is very sad.

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 International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education (INT-JECSE)
DOI: 10.9756/INT-JECSE/V14I2.407 ISSN:1308-5581 Vol 14, Issue 02, 2022
III. PROBLEM STATEMENT
In India agriculture sector is shrinking day by day which disturbs the ecosystem’s production capacity. There is a burning
requirement to resolve this problem to resolve this problem in the area to reestablish vitality and place it back on higher
progression.
Internet of Things technology can diminish some of the problems of Indian farmers. So, we need to store data (information
regarding agriculture and there framing information). It helps for resolving agriculture issues. By further analysis.
Weather is also a key part for agriculture using IOT device we can able to monitor weather details. This is the project from the
motivation of the farmers working in the farm lands are solely dependent on the rains and bore wells for irrigation of their land.
In recent times, the farmers have been using irrigation technique through the manual control in which the farmers irrigate the
land at regular intervals by turning the water-pump ON/OFF when required. And can able to monitor the soil moisture value and
weather information using mobile application anywhere.
IV. EXISISTING SYSTEM

Smart agriculture system which is based on IOT, in existing model Arduino uno board which is a basic model and other sensors
which are used for to collect soil moisture, humidity and temperature and displayed on led which is delay process. This system
also gives accurate values of soil moisture, humidity and temperature, this system has less priority to recommend to the farmers.
This system needs more components to connect to the cloud which is high cost, so it is not recommended to farmers.
In existing methodology Arduino uno and nano boards are used and separately WIFI and BLUETOOTH modules are
used which cost high. By using esp32 which comes with inbuilt WIFI and BLUETOOTH and cost less than Arduino uno will
be better option for the project. And connections will be less and easy to configure esp32 other board which is similar to the
esp32 is esp8266 which comes only WIFI which costs same.

V. PROPOSED SYSTEM
This project presents proposed model for smart farming Monitoring System to develop real time monitoring system for soil
properties like Temperature, Humidity and moisture, crop yield identification using Monitoring applications. It will also be
METHOD EXISTING PROPOSED
CONNECTIVITY USB PORT WIFI, USB,BLUETOOTH.
COMPONETS SOIL MOISTURE, DTH 11. SOIL MOISTURE, DTH 11,

OUTPUT LCD DISPLAY ANDROID APP (CLOUD)

DATA BASE ARDUINO UNO MEMORY CLOUD MEMORY
possible to control various operations of the field remotely from anywhere, anytime by mobile application. The IOT based
agricultural monitoring system has been used to maximize the yield of crop by monitoring the environmental parameters and
thus providing the required information to farmer remotely. This system can be implemented in any type of agricultural field
with varying soils. The use of IOT over the other technology one aides for deploying it in any type of environment for
monitoring, making it flexible and the proposed system is developed for the goodwill of farmers. The system greatly reduces
the human interaction, labor cost and wastage of water.
In Proposed Method Real-time database is used where the real-time values are stored and updated faster. Here we used firebase
database which is a free database which comes with 5 GB of cloud storage which is fast and easy to implement. The sensors
which are used in existing and proposed are same

VI. IMPLEMENTATION
Here we are using ESP32 Arduino board which comes with Bluetooth and WIFI module inbuilt module. It has 34 GPIO pins.
Soil Moisture sensor, DHT11 Sensor, Water flow sensor are used in this project. In this project Firebase Real-time database is
used where all the sensor values are stored. Using android application the values can be viewed.
Soil Moisture Sensor is used for detecting the moisture level in the soil, because in agriculture water is important so, it is need
to maintain minimum water level in the soil. The soil moisture sensor have two terminals, he fork-shaped probe with two
exposed conductors, acts as a variable resistor (just like a potentiometer) whose resistance varies according to the water content
in the soil. This resistance is inversely proportional to the soil moisture. So, it is mandatory to monitor the water levels.
The Soil Moisture Sensor which is connected to the ESP32 Module, when the sensor reads the values the ESP32 module send
the values to the cloud.

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 International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education (INT-JECSE)
DOI: 10.9756/INT-JECSE/V14I2.407 ISSN:1308-5581 Vol 14, Issue 02, 2022
DHT-11 Sensor which is reads the values of Temperature and Humidity on Atmosphere, which is directly connected to the
esp32 board where humidity also plays minor role, we can able to predict the weather, it helps farmer in many ways. The values
of Temperature and Humidity sends to the cloud and displayed on the mobile application.
Ultra-Sonic Sensor is used to find the distance between object. In this project the ultra-sonic sensor is used to find the water
level as it used as alternative method because of water floating sensor is not available at the time. The data which is uploaded
to the cloud using WIFI.
All values can be viewed in mobile application which is live values from the sensors the values will refreshed and new
values will displayed every five seconds.
VII. CONCULSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

Using IoT in agriculture which makes safe and secure production, by using automated systems can able to reduce human power
so the managing cost will reduce. By the information gathered by the sensors can able to predict the land properties. There are
several sensors which actually helps in agriculture. Main reason to recommend this project the farmers is remotely can control
motor and can view the values from anywhere from the world so it is useful to the farmer in many ways.
We can upgrade the module using adding GSM module and water flow sensor. Using GSM module we can operate device
without WIFI anywhere.
The main advantage of implemented system is the data can be viewed from anywhere of the world because it is cloud based
data.

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