DAY 1:
1.) What is called as Case type?
It is an abstract model of the business transaction
It is like a template for creating business transaction
Case Types are also called as microjourney or business transactions
Example:
Swiggy --> Order food case type and Order Groceries case type
Make my Trip --> Book Flight case type, Book Hotels case type
2.) What is called as Case?
It is the run time instance of the case type
When we run a case type, a case gets created
A case is the meaningful outcome of the business transaction and each case contains a unique case
id and case status
Case id – Unique identifier to identify the case
Case status – Used to indicate the progress of the case towards the resolution
3.) What is called as Stages?
Stage refers to the milestones of the case lifecycle design
Stage represents the significant change in the status of the case and also represents the transfer of
the case from one authority to another authority
Stage contains the process
Stages is of three types
1. Primary Stage:
It is the high-level phases in the case lifecycle design that leads to the successful business outcome
New Request > Manager Approval> Delivery > Confirmation (Case is successfully processed)
This we call it is as the primary path or happy path
2. Alternate Stage:
If there is any errors or exceptions in the primary path, those error are handled by the alternate
stage
Note:
When we add the approve reject step, automatically the alternate stage will be added
Incase if we wanted to add our own alternate stage, that also can be added
3. Resolution Stage
Any stage can be marked as the resolution stage
Once Pega identifies the resolution stage, then the case gets stopped i.e., the case will not move
further
4.) What is called as Process?
Process contains the sequence of steps to perform a particular task
Without adding the first step, you can’t create the process
Process contains steps
In Pega, Process will be created as a flow rule
5.) What is called as Steps?
Is a user action or automated action to complete the task
Example: Collect Information Step – User action
Send Email Step – Automated action
DAY 2:
1. What is SLA or Service Level Agreement?
Consider the below examples
a. When we order the product, we get the below messages
Thanks for purchasing with us. Your product will be delivered in 3 to 4 working days
b. When we order the food online, it says
Your food is on the way. It will be delivered in 30 – 40minutes
c. Raising a complaint in some services
You will get a message that the complaint will be resolved in 24 to 48 hours
All these above examples have a common theme.
These indicates that the work is being completed on the given time
SLA ensures the work is completed on time
SLA is implemented using three milestones
1. Goal
2. Deadline
3. Passed Deadline
2.) What is Goal?
Your product will be delivered in 3 to 4 working days
3 indicates the minimum number of days in which the product will be delivered
This 3 represents Goal
Goal indicates when the work should be completed
Example: The product should be delivered in 3 working days
3.) What is Deadline?
Your product will be delivered in 3 to 4 working days
4 indicates the maximum number of days in which the product will be delivered
This 4 represents Deadline
Deadline indicates when the work must be completed
Example: The product must be delivered in 3 working days
4.) What is Passed deadline?
Passed deadline is the time from the deadline in which the task has to be completed
Difference between Goal, Deadline and Passed Deadline
1. Both Goal and deadline always begin from start. Passed Deadline will begin from the
deadline
2. Goal and deadline will not repeat whereas passed deadline will repeat
5.) What is Urgency?
In Pega Platform applications, assignment urgency indicates assignment priority.
Urgency is a numeric value ranging from 0 to 100, displayed in worklists and cases.
Example:
If you are ordering a food in restaurant, similar to us many customers will order the food.
Manager has to approve the request on time. So, based on the priority or the urgency the manager
knows this work need to be approved first
6.) What is Escalation Action?
If the work is not completed on time, what is the necessary action we should take is called as
escalation action
If the work is not completed on time, we can able to notify the manager, else reassign the work to
some one else
DAY 3
1.) What is routing?
Routing tells you that who is going to do the work
Routing determines to whom the work is allocated or who will do the work
In real time, for a customer micro journey there are many operators involved to complete the task
Once all the work allocated to the operators are completed then the case is completed
Example:
In Swiggy, first the customer orders the food. Then the work will be routed to the respective hotel
manager for the approval.
Once hotel manager approves, the work will be routed to the delivery person
2.) What are the types of routing?
Routing is categorized into 2 types
a. Assignment based routing --> Routing which is performed in the collect information step is called
assignment routing
i. Current user
ii. Specific user
iii. Business logic
iv. Custom
V. Work queue
b. Approval based routing --> Routing which is performed in the approve or reject step is called
approval routing
i. Single Level approval --> Getting approval from a single person
a. Specific user
b. Use business logic
c. Work Queue
ii. Cascading approval --> Getting approval from multiple person
a. Reporting Structure
b. Authority Matrix
3.) Difference between Worklist and Work Queue?
1. Work is being allocated to single user We call it as a Work List
2. In some cases, work can be allocated to a group of users. Any user who is free or available
they can pick up the work and they can do it
This is called it as a Work Queue
4.) What is Work Group?
Sales Team Counsellor, Course manager and Sales Head
Delivery team Faculties, Senior Faculty, Faculty Head
Placement team Placement coordinator, placement head
Finance Team Cashiers, account persons
All these teams in Pega we call them as a work group
Work group is basically a set of team members which has the work group manager involved to
complete the work
Out of this, there are be another operator or [email protected] can be the manager
This group of users, we call them as work queue
Only if they are part of the work queue, any one can pickup the work and execute
Work group and work queue has to be associated together
General Example:
Faculty Team (is one work group) Can contain Associate professors (is one work queue) ( Tharun,
Vijay, Baskaran, Shivani),
Assistant Professor (is one work queue) (Vijay, Thomas, Arun)
5.) What is business logic?
Routing based on a condition is called business logic
Example:
Students who belongs to CSE, route to CSE HOD
Students who belongs to IT, route to IT Hod
DAY 4
1. What is reporting structure?
Reporting structure comes under cascading approval
When a request needs a series of approvers, go for Cascading approval
When the request has to be approved based on the user’s reporting structure
Example:
When an employee raises a leave request, the employee’s reporting structure has to approve the
request
Employee Manager Project Lead CEO
When a student raises a request for internship, then student has to get request from
Student Class In charge HOD Principal
2. What are the levels of approval in reporting structure?
a. One --> If we need to get approval from the immediate reporting manager, we go for one
option. Only one approval is done
b. All --> If we need to get approval from all the reporting hierarchy managers, we go for all
option
Example:
When an employee raises a leave request, the employee’s reporting structure has to approve the
request
Employee Manager Project Lead CEO
c. Custom --> If we need to get approval from the reporting managers based on the
conditions, we go for custom option
Example:
All the members in the reporting structure can approve or approval can be based on the custom
condition
Based on the Intern days,
If the intern days Approve
Less than one week Class In charge
One week to two-week Class In charge, HOD
More than two week Everybody
3. What is authority matrix?
There can be some request which has to be approved by both inside and outside the organizational
hierarchy of the reporting structure – Authority Matrix
Example 1:
Student applies for a no due certificate [Class in charge, HOD, Principal, Librarian, Accounts Team]
Student > Class in charge > HOD > Principal
Librarian and accounts are not falling under reporting structure
There are some people coming under reporting structure and some people coming outside the
department
Then we go for the Authority Matrix
Example 2:
Employee applied for a paid leave.
If the employee is taking paid leave for
2days Manager
3 – 5 days Manager and Team Lead
6 – 8 days Manager, Team Lead and Business HR
>= 9days Manager, Team Lead, Business HR and Finance Team
Hear Manager and Team is part of the reporting structure
Business HR and Finance is not part of the reporting structure
This is example of authority matrix
4. Explain the relationship between operator, access group and application
Every operator in Pega is associated with an access group
Every operator will be associated with either single access group or multiple access group
Access group will contain information about
a. What application the user can access
b. What portals the user can access
c. What roles the user is provided
5. What are the access group created by default in Pega?
Every application will have 2 access group by default
If the application name is DemoApp, the access group names will be
a. DemoApp : Authors
This access group is given to the developers of the applications
They will have access to both App Studio and Dev Studio
b. DemoApp: Users
This access group is given to the end users of the applications
They will have access to the user portal where they can run the application
Apart from this, if needed we can create our own access group
DAY 5
Clipboard based questions
1. What is clipboard?
A clipboard is a temporary memory area on the server that is associated with every connected Pega
Platform requestor, including browser-based users and unauthenticated guest users. The clipboard
has a hierarchical structure, consisting of nodes known as pages, most of which have a name and an
associated class.
We have a user form where user enter the data, the data is collected from the user
After you collect the data, the data is available in memory
Clipboard is the portion of the memory on the server reserved by Pega for the data generated by the
application
Why it is available in memory
Why systems need memory?
We need memory to store the data
Data in memory –
Memory will store the current case data
It can process the data
Current values can be referred from the memory
2. Data in memory is permanent or temporary?
Data in the memory will be temporary
Data from the memory i.e., clipboard that is copied to the Database
When you run the case, the data will be available on the clipboard, from the clipboard we can do all
kind of operation and once the operation is being completed, that data will be copied to the
database
3. What is pyWorkPage?
The pyWorkPage contains all the properties (both single value and page mode) associated with the
case. When you want to investigate what the properties are set to as the case moves through the
workflow you can open up your clipboard and see all the properties associated with the case on
pyWorkPage. Each case occupies one thread on the clipboard and each thread that has a case
contains one pyWorkPage.
pyWorkPage contains the current case data
4. Different between pyWorkPage and pyWorkCover?
In general pyWorkPage is the main page containing your WorkObject information.
Now if you open a Child case it will be on pyWorkPage and the parent will be sent to pyWorkCover
page.
When we run the parent case, the parent case data will be Stored in the pyWorkPage
When we run the child case, the parent case data will be moved to pyWorkCover and the child case
data is stored in pyWorkPage
Once the case is completed, the parent class data is stored again in the pyWorkPage
5. What are the different types of pages in clipboard?
There are 4 types of pages in Pega
a. User Pages
Contains pages created due to user action either directly or indirectly
Basically, contains the current case data related to the work being performed in the selected thread
While the user processes the case, all the pages used to store data or listed in the user pages
category
Example:
In our online shopping case type, whatever data we enter in the user form is available in pyWorkPage
under user page category
b. Data Pages
Will contain some data which basically we retrieve from the external system
Example:
You want to calculate the cost of certification exam based on dollar price.
Dollar price can be extracted from the external DB where it is defined
Data pages contains read only data pages. Data pages are persistent pages in memory used to cache
data. This type of data is basically sourced from the external or third-party applications
c. Linked Property Pages
Contains read only pages that are created by the linked properties which contain information from
data objects referenced by a linked property
They are advanced constructs basically used by SSA or LSA
d. System Pages
Contain read only pages that describe the current user session
Go to System Page
Click on Operator ID
It will show all the information about the Operator id, access group, application, organization,
division, unit, thread being currently requested
DAY 6
1. What is delegation?
Whenever we need the business users to modify the rules without the support of developers those
rules can be delegated
Example:
In Movie Ticket Booking application, movie details and theatre details cannot be updated everyweek
by developers. So we need to allow the managers or business users to update the basic rules without
the support of developers. Then we go for delegation
Similarly, if we take food order application, the managers of the hotel can update the food items and
price without the support of developers
2. What is Production Ruleset?
To delegate a rule, we need to store the rule in the production ruleset. So that particular rule will be
in an unlocked ruleset which can be updated only in the production environment
Production rulesets include rules that are updated in the production environment. The most
common use of production rulesets is for delegated rules. However, production rulesets can be used
for any use case requiring rules to be updated in a production environment.
3. What is a ruleset?
Ruleset is a container that stores the collection of rules
A ruleset identifies, stores, and manages the set of rules that define an application or a significant
portion of an application
If we want to migrate our application from one environment to another environment, instead of
carrying the rules individually we can transfer the rule through rulesets
By default, 4 rulesets will be created. Two for application and Two for organization
4. Difference between Framework layer and Implementation Layer?
1. Framework application
When do we choose framework application - To reuse the application and if this application to be
extended in the future
2. Implementation application
When do we choose Implementation application – When the application is not to be extended in the
future.
5. Difference between Pattern and Directed Inheritance?
Pattern inheritance allows you to reuse rules within a single application. Directed inheritance allows
you to reuse rules in other applications, including standard rules provided as part of the Pega
Platform.
DAY 7
1. What is Data Transform?
Data Transform is a rule type in Pega which comes under data model rule category
Data Transform helps to:
a. Initialize data automatically
b. Manipulate data
c. Copy the data
2. What are the examples of Data Transform?
Business Requirement
1. Displays the current data as the bill date to the user
2. After user enter the first name and the last name, Create a nick name for the user
First Name: Ezekiel Last Name: Prabhu
Nick Name: Ezepra
3. When the user enters the first name and the last name, create a full name for the user
First Name: Varun Last Name: Kumar
Full Name: Varun Kumar
4. User can select any product in the application, all the products that the user selected is
added to the cart
For all these scenarios, user will enter the data, we need to process it using a logic
To implement the logic, we need to transform those data
For doing all these, we need one rule called as Data Transform
3. What are the different actions done in the data transform?
a. Set
Sets the target to equal the source. You can set single-value properties, top-level pages,
embedded pages, page lists, and page groups. You typically use this action to initialize properties. If
the target pages that you specify do not exist on the clipboard, the Set action creates the pages.
b. Remove
Deletes the target and any associated values from the clipboard.
c. Update Page
Sets the context for setting properties on the target page. Use to set properties on a page
that is different from the primary page. If the target page does not already exist on the clipboard, the
system creates the page. If the source page is different from the primary page, from the Relation list,
select with values from, and then specify the source page.
d. Apply Data Transform
Applies another data transform to a clipboard page that the previous action specifies in the
current context.
e. Sort
Creates custom ordered lists. You can sort a page list according to single-value properties in
that page list. You can specify a sorting order for each property as either ascending or descending
order. In the Target column, click the View Sorting Properties icon to specify the properties on which
to sort and the sorting order for each property.
f. Comment
Specifies descriptive text. Use this action to provide comments within the sequence. For
example, you can explain the goal of a branch of steps.
g. When
Specifies a condition to evaluate to determine whether to apply the subsequent actions. If
the condition evaluates to true, the system applies the action within the child rows. If the condition
evaluates to false, the system continues with the action specified within the next row. If the action in
the next row is Otherwise or Otherwise When, the system applies the action if the condition
evaluates to true.
h. Otherwise When
Specifies another condition to meet before the system applies an alternate condition. If the
condition evaluates to true, the system applies actions within the child rows. If the condition
evaluates to false, the system continues with the action specified within the next row. You can use
this action after you use a When or Otherwise When action.
i. Otherwise
Specifies the alternate actions to apply if the preceding When or Otherwise When action
evaluates to false. You can only use this action after a When or Otherwise When action.
Note: If you add When, Otherwise When, and Otherwise actions to your data transform, the system
performs only one of these actions, depending on the first of these actions that evaluate to true.
j. Append to
Copies a page to the target. You can copy a page if the source and the target are of the same
class, or if one of the classes is higher in the class hierarchy in the inheritance path.
k. Append and Map to
Adds a page to the target and maps properties and their source values to the target
properties. The source and target can be of different classes.
m. For Each Page In
Iteratively applies actions specified in the subsequent rows to all the pages in the specified
target. Ensure that the target is a Page List or a Page Group.
n. Exit For Each
Exits the current iteration defined by the preceding For Each Page action. You can use this
action only as a child row of a For Each Page In action.
o. Exit Data Transform
Stops the data transform at the row that contains the Exit Data Transform action.
4. Different between pyDefault and pySetFieldsDefault Data Transform?
Pega creates two data transform automatically
a. pyDefault Data transform
b. pySetFieldsDefault
It is available under data model rule category
By using these data transform, we can set or initialize the values
pyDefault – Will be called automatically when we run the case
It is the first rule that gets called when we run the case.
pySetFieldsDefault is invoked inside the pyDefault data transform
pyDefault is used to initialize single value property
pySetFieldsDefault is used to initialize the Page mode property
5. What is super class in data transform?
Developers can make data transforms more modular by using a superclass. You can combine several
data transforms using the superclass feature to set values at multiple levels of the class hierarchy.
Taking advantage of this feature improves the maintainability of data transforms.
When the superclass feature is enabled on data transforms, at runtime, Pega Platform:
Identifies the parent of the current class
Identifies the next level parent until the highest parent class is located
Finds the data transform
Invokes data transforms
