Activity 1: The Researcher

Simple random Sampling – is a sample or set of members (population) that have an equal
probability of being chosen. Every member has an equal chance of being selected. It is a basic
sampling technique that we use often in research when we want to choose randomly in a group.
It is also a method that helps us select a small number of a small group. We can choose the
subjects automatically using the internet.

Ex. If there are 50 members in a group, you want to choose 25 members, so you need to choose
randomly in a group, like you choose member number 8, next you choose member number 13,
and so on.

Systematic sampling – is choosing of samples in a group is done using an interval called the
sampling interval. Choose samples accordingly, based on your interval. This method is used
when you want your data samples to have low data manipulation. It assures you that your
samples are not selected repeatedly. It chooses every "nth" in a group.

Ex. You want to choose 50 samples in a group of 100, so you want to choose member number 2
to be your starting point for choosing samples. You are choosing your sample in every 2nd
member of a population, so what’s going to happen is that your 2nd sample is member number 4.

Stratified sampling – is a method of sampling by dividing the population into groups called
"strata." It’s like you are organizing the group. In every strata, they needed to choose the same
number of samples. We can use the SRS method to choose samples from every strata. This
method is commonly used for evaluating data in every strata.

Ex. You want to have a sample size of 15, and you have 50 members in a population, so you
need to divide your population into 5 strata. In every strata you need to have 5 members, and of
those 5 members, you need to choose 3 samples to get your 15 samples.

Clustered sampling – is a method that divides your population into groups. It is choosing all the
samples in your selected group. You don’t need to choose randomly because in every group you
create, all the members are randomly selected. This method is used to get information as a cluster
and not in every group. This sampling is more practical for some researchers.

Ex. You have a large population, but you want to have your samples practically, so you need to
divide the population into clusters, and you need to pick the one cluster you want, and every
person in that cluster you picked is going to be your samples.

Convenience sampling – It is the easiest method because we want the samples to represent the
population. This method provides quick results. But this method can be dangerous because it
randomizes everything. It's used for things like online polls and asking for volunteers. It is a
method of gathering market research data from a readily available group of participants.

Ex. You need some samples for your research, so you go and ask some people to volunteer as
samples.
Quota sampling – It is a method in which the sample is not chosen equally. The samples were
selected based on their traits, so there has been a bias. It gathers representative data from the
groups. This method allows the researcher to select the group of samples that have a great
interest in the research. It also helps us to observe the specific characteristics of the samples.

Ex. You have a big population, and you need to divide the population based on their traits, so
every strata that you divide the population into is going to have a different percentage depending
on your research.

Judgement (or Purposive) sampling – is a method where the researchers select their samples
based on their knowledge. It relies on the researcher’s judgement to choose the samples that can
be included in their research. This method is biased sampling because not all can be a sample for
the researcher. This method can be used to have samples that make your research more accurate.

Ex. Your research is about the study of medicines, so you need to have knowledge about
medicines, so there is a probability that your needed samples are doctors, nurses, and other
medical professions.

Snowball sampling – This method is a technique that involves recruiting some participants to
find some other potential samples. This method is often used for investigation. It helps the
researcher discover the characteristics of the population around. This method can be biased. This
is also used when the researcher is having a hard time finding some samples.

Ex. When someone does unacceptable behavior and you want to find out who that someone was,
you need to find some potential samples that can be multiplied until you find the person who did
the unacceptable behavior.
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