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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL
OF CURRENT RESEARCH
International Journal of Current Research
Vol. 8, Issue, 04, pp.29436-29440, April, 2016

ISSN: 0975-833X
RESEARCH ARTICLE
TEMPERATURE BASED AUTOMATIC FAN SPEED CONTROLLER
1Nigade, A. S., 2,*Deepanshu Verma, 3Brajesh Kumar Pandey and 4Pranjal Srivastav
1Assistant Professor,, Electronics Department, BVDU College of Engineering, Pune-Satara
Pune Satara road, Pune
Pune-411043
2,3,4Electronics Department, BVDU College of Engineering, Pune-Satara
Satara road, Pune
Pune-411043

ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT

Article History: The research paper presented here is based on automatic fan speed controller that
Received 23rd January, 2016 automatically adjusts the fan's speed according to ambient temperature of the surroundings.
Received in revised form The temperature flow controlled fan is an automated fan, controlled by a temperature
17th February, 2016 sensor, using fully hardware design. The heart of this project consists of the temperature
Accepted 20th March, 2016 sensor circuit which senses the change in the ambient temperature of the surrou
surroundings. As
Published online 26th April, 2016
the signal sensed by the temperature sensor is very weak in amplitude and strength.
Key words:
Therefore we use amplifier to increase the strength of the signal so that the signal is able to
drive the output section, in this case a fan. Here pulse width modulation is use in this case.
Automatic Fan Controller,
Temperature Controlled,
When heat is applied to the temperature sensor, this will determine the fan automatically
Power Devices Harmonics, increasing or decreasing in speed according to the four speed levels of a normal fan that are
Precision, set to different
differe temperature ranges of a room. It can be used in cooling electronics devices,
Pulse Width Modulation. where the fan speed needs to increase if here dissipation increases.

Copyright © 2016, Nigade et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution
Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use,
distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Srivastav 2016. “Temperature

Citation: Nigade, A.S., Deepanshu Verma, Brajesh Kumar Pandey, and Pranjal Srivastav, Temperature based automatic fan speed controller”,
International Journal of Current Research, 8, (04), 29436-29440.
29436

INTRODUCTION Problem Statement

Electric Fan (Mithal, 1992) is a very simple device that consists The main idea of this project is to replace manual settings of
of rotating blades used to move air in the room. As compared fan in with change in temperature so that it detects temperature
to A.C., fan doesn’t change the temperature of air they only variations automatically and control its speed. Thus the main
move it.It is a non-linear
linear system, as we are considering to requirements boil down to
rotate it according to the environmentent temperature. We have  The temperature of the room should be determined by the
tried to make a fuzzy inference system that has been used temperature sensor,
without any failure in establishing the relation between  The variation in temperature is further processed through
environment temperature and fan speed. Due to the shortage of the amplifier to increase the strength of the signal, and,
electricity supply, we have to start research in areas where  The signal obtained from the amplifier is given as output
energy can be used efficiently. In households during summer, which is in this case is a Fan
A.C. is responsible for 60-70%
70% of our summer electricity bill.
The window A.C. that has been mostly employed uses 500 to Design Overview
1440 watts. In comparison, an electric fan uses only 90 watts,
depending
nding upon the speed and size. Electric fan is a device that In this design, the temperature sensor used here is a LM35
helps us to stay cool in summer while saving our money as well (http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lm35.pdf
http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lm35.pdf.) which senses the
as protecting the environment by limiting the release of change in temperature and its output is provided to an
Carbon-di-oxide. amplifier which amplifies its signal so that the signal is able to
drive the output. This project mainly controls the speed of fan
according to the inner environment of box temperature. The
*Corresponding author: Deepanshu Verma, temperature sensor (LM35) sensor has a temperature range
Electronics Department,
epartment, BVDU College of Engineering, Pune-Satara
Pune from -55°C
55°C to +150°C. This control circuit control the fan
road, Pune-411043 speed according to signal
nal comes from the LM 35.
29437 Nigade et al. Temperature based automatic fan speed controller

2-Pin Connector
The 2-Pin Connector act as an interface between the
transformer and the circuit. It connects the transformer to the
hardware circuit.

230V to 12V AC Transformer

A transformer (Theraja and Theraja, 2005; Malvino and Bates,

2006) is an electrical device that transfers electrical energy
Fig. 1. Schematic Diagram between two or more circuits through electromagnetic
induction. This transformer acts as a primary source to the
Temperature Sensor Block circuit and thus providing the power to the circuit to work.

The temperature sensor used here is a LM35. The output Triac Block
voltage of LM 35 varies in liner proportion with the change in
temperature. BT136 TRIAC (www.nxp.com/documents/data_sheet/
BT136_SERIES.pdf) (Triode for AC) is the semiconductor
device widely used in power control and switching
Amplifier Block applications. The firing pulses for TRIAC1 are produced by a
monostable multivibrator. The width of these firing pulses
The signal obtained from the temperature sensor is very weak varies in accordance with the output voltage of temperature
.Thus in order to drive the output circuitry we need to amplify sensor LM35.
the strength of the signal. The amplifier block consists of an
LM358 which is used for amplification purpose thus driving Output Block
the output section.
The output block consists of an AC Fan. Depending on the
MCT2E Optocoupler change in temperature detected by the temperature sensor
LM35, the fan will change its speed linearly. If the temperature
The MCT2E series of optocoupler devices each consist of sensed is above a predefined level the speed of the fan will
gallium arsenide infrared LED and a silicon NPN increase or lese the fan will be working in its normal speed.
phototransistor. They are packaged in a 6-pin DIP package and
Working
available in wide-lead spacing.
A single-side PCB for the fan speed controller is shown in
NE 555 Timer actual size in Fig -1 and its component layout in Fig -2.After
assembling the circuit on the recommended PCB and enclosing
These devices are capable of producing accurate time delays or it in the suitable case, you can calibrate the system as per your
oscillation. These devices are also called as precision timing requirements, using VR1.Change VR1 so that, at room
circuits. When the amplified signal is obtained from the temperature, you get the normal speed.
amplifier block, the signal strength is increased. This amplified
voltage is then applied to control voltage pin 5 of NE 555
Timer, which is wired as a monostable multivibrator. These
levels can be altered by use of the control-voltage terminal.
When the trigger input falls below the trigger level, the flip-
flop is set, and the output goes high.

MOC 3061 Zero Cross Optocoupler

The trigger pulses for the monostable multivibrator are

produced through IC3. Opto-coupler IC3 is wired as a zero-
crossing detector. As a result, a pulse-width-modulated
waveform can be obtained in the output of the monostable
multivibrator.

1N4007 Rectifier Diode

The 1N4001 series is a popular 1.0A (ampere) general purpose

Fig. 2. Component Layout
silicon rectifier diodes commonly used in various AC
household appliances. The blocking voltage varies from 50 to
As the temperature increases, the speed increases beyond the
1000 volts. These are fairly low-speed rectifier diodes, being
speed set at room temperature. To test if the circuit is
inefficient for square waves of more than 15 kHz.
functioning properly, check the input power supply at TP1
29438 International Journal of Current Research, Vol. 08, Issue, 04, pp.29436-29440, April, 2016

with respect to TP0.Trigger pulses for NE555 timer can be driver opto-coupler
coupler MOC3061 (IC5) and triac BT136
observed at TP2 using an oscilloscope. Also verify the pulse (TRIAC1), along with some other easily aavailable
width modulated output of NE555 timer at TP3. The amplified components.
output of temperature sensor LM35 can be checked at TP4.

Fig. 3. Power Supply

Fig. 6. Overall Circuit Demonstration

 Temperature sensor IC1 senses changes in temperature and

its output voltage varies linearly with the variation in
temperature. The output voltage of IC1 is amplified using
operational amplifier IC2. This amplified voltage is then
applied to control voltage pin 5 of IC4, which is wired as a
monostable multivibrator.
 The control voltage adjusts the threshold and triggering
levels of timer IC4 and hence, there are changes in the
pulse widthh of the output waveform corresponding to the
voltage level at pin 5 of IC4. The trigger pulses for the
monostable multivibrator are produced through IC3. Opto Opto-
coupler IC3 is wired as a zero zero-crossing detector. As a
result, a pulse-width-modulated
modulated waveform can be obtained
in the output of the monostable multivibrator.
Fig. 4. Circuit Diagram  The output pulses of IC4 at pin 3 are applied to anode pin 1
of IC5, which is an optically isolated triac driver with zero
zero-
crossing detection.
 The zero-crossing
crossing facility in the triac driver en
ensures that the
firing pulses are applied at exact zero crossing of the AC
waveform.
 TRIAC1 is one of the most vital component of this circuit;
it used to control the speed of the fan by adjusting the RMS
value of the AC voltage across the fan.
 The firing pulses
ulses for TRIAC1 are produced by a
monostable multivibrator. The width of these firing pulses
varies in accordance with the output voltage of temperature
sensor IC1. At a higher temperature, the width of the firing
pulses will be more and hence, the RMS value of the AC
voltage will increase. As a result, the fan will rotate at a
higher speed. TRIAC1 is connected with a snubber circuit
built around resistor R6 and capacitor C3, to protect it from
high-voltage transients.

Fig. 5. Main Circuit Performance Analysis

 The circuit is built around temperature sensor LM35 (IC1), This designn has been applied to an AC fan which acts as a load
operational amplifier LM358 (IC2), and opto-coupler
opto to the circuit. The following observations were observed when
MCT2E (IC3), timer NE555 (IC4), zero cross photo-triac
photo the demonstration of the circuit was done
29439 Nigade et al. Temperature based automatic fan speed controller

 The speed of the Fan is SLOW when the temperature of the

room is NORMAL.
 When there is an increase in the ambient temperature, the
temperature sensor LM35 senses it. Based on pulse with
modulation which can be observed at the output of NE555
timer, the speed of the Fan increases linearly.
 When temperature of the room falls below the pre-defined
pre
ambient temperature, thee fan returns to its normal speed.
 During demonstration we have obtained the output based
on the speed variation of the fan and also on the digital
storage oscilloscope (DSO) based on duty cycle.
 The medium speed is attained when there is 50 percent
duty cycle
ycle and very fast corresponds to 100 percent duty
cycle. The variation of the duty cycle with temperature (in
Celsius) is shown in the Fig 10. The fan is at very high
speed when the duty cycle is 100 percent. The practical
demonstration images are as follows.

Fig. 9. Fan Speed is HIGH and the Duty Cycle is 100%

Fig. 10. Temperature (in C) vs. Duty Cycle

Fig. 7. Fan Speed is LOW and the Duty Cycle is 10% ]

Fig. 11. Speed vs. Temperature Curve

Fig. 8. Fan Speed is MEDIUM and the Duty Cycle is 50%
29440 International Journal of Current Research, Vol. 08, Issue, 04, pp.29436-29440, April, 2016

 The speed of the Fan increases with increase in temperature

 The speed of the Fan decreases with decrease in
temperature

Applications

CPU Fan

As their change in ambient temperature, the speed of the fan

changes. The same principle is followed in a CPU. When load
of processes and calculations are performed at the same time,
the core i.e. the motherboard heats up. Therefore to avoid
damage to the motherboard we use CPU Fans The CPU fan is
used to cool the heatsink of the northbridge of a motherboard's
Fig. 12 .CPU fan embedded on motherboard
chipset; this is needed where the system bus is significantly
overclocked and dissipates more power.

Graphic Card Fan

The Graphics Card Fan is an extension of the CPU fan. Some

computers which are used for gaming purpose require an
additional Fan because the power dissipation and heat
produces is quite high in this type.

These are used to cool the heatsink of the graphics processing

unit or the memory on graphics cards.

Acknowledgement

The authors would like to thank Bharati Vidyapeeth College of

Engineering, for supporting our work and to Mrs.A.S.Nigade
for transferring and delivering valuable knowledge.
Fig. 13. Graphic Card Fan
Conclusion REFERENCES
As the technology is developing day by day we prefer things to Malvino, A. P. and Bates, D. J. 2006. “Electronic principles”,
be done automatically and in the same way our project reduces McGraw-Hill Publisher, USA.
the work to mankind. This report has looked at the basic Mithal, G. K. 1992. “Industrial Electronic”, Khanna Publisher,
functioning of a fan based and how its speed can be varied New Delhi.
with respect to change in the temperature of the environment. Precise Centigrade Temperature Sensor LM35,
The idea of temperature based automatic fan controller is http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lm35.pdf.
implemented, compatible and highly efficient to reduce the Theraja, B. L. and Theraja, A. K. 2005. “A text book of
electricity bill and avoid wastage of electricity and also to the Electrical Technology: AC and DC machines”, S. Chand &
people in need i.e. the physically challenged people. In this Company Ltd. Publisher, New Delhi.
paper, we have tried to present the best work for the circuit TRIAC BT136 www.nxp.com/documents/ data_sheet/ BT136_
implementation for the design. Based on the waveform SERIES.pdf
obtained in Fig -5, Fig -6, Fig -7 the width of the pulse varies
with change in the ambient temperature. Also from the graph
obtained in Fig-11 proves that there is a direct linear
relationship between the speed of the fan and the ambient
temperature.
******