PHYSICS

WAVES

 x
1. The equation of a wave travelling on a string is y  4sin  8t   if x and y are in centimetre, then
2 8
velocity of wave is
1. 64cm s in  ve x  direction 2. 32cm s in  ve x  direction
3. 32cm s in  ve x  direction 4. 64cm s in  ve x  direction
2. A string of length 2 L, obeying Hooke’s law, is stretched so that its extension is L. The speed of the
transverse wave travelling on the string is v. If the string is further stretched so that the extension in
the string becomes 4L. The speed of transverse wave travelling on the string will be
1 1
1. v 2. 2v 3. v 4. 2 2v
2 2
3. A band playing music at frequency f is moving towards a wall at a speed vb . A motorist is following
the band with a speed vm . If v is the speed of sound, the expression for the beat frequency heard by
the motorist is
v  vm v  vm 2vb  v  vm  2vm  v  vb 
1. f 2. f 3. f 4. f
v  vb v  vb v 2  v 2b v 2  v 2b
4. Speed of sound wave is v. If a reflector moves towards a stationary source emitting waves of
frequency f with speed u, the frequency of reflected wave will be
vu v u vu v u
1. f 2. f 3. f 4. f
vu v vu v
5. An increase in intensity level of 1 dB implies an increase in intensity of (given antilog10 0.1-1.2589)
1. 1% 2. 3.01% 3. 26% 4. 0.1%
6. A closed organ pipe and an open organ pipe have their first overtones identical in frequency. Their
length are in the ratio
1. 1: 2 2. 2: 3 3. 3: 4 4. 4: 5
7. Two closed-end pipes, when sounded together produce 5 beats/s. If their lengths are in the ratio 100:
101, then fundamental notes (in Hz) produced by them are
1. 245, 250 2. 250, 255 3. 495, 500 4. 500, 505
8. Two vibrating tuning forks produce progressive waves given by,
y1  4sin  500 t  and y2  2sin  506 t  . These tuning forks are held near the ear of person. The
person will hear
1. 3 beats/s with intensity ratio between maxima and minima equal to 2
2. 3 beats/s with intensity ratio between maxima and minima equal to 9
3. 6 beats/s with intensity ratio between maxima and minima equal to 2
4. 6 beats/s with intensity ratio between maxima and minima equal to 9
9. Two uniform strings A and B made of steel are made to vibrate under the same tension. If the first
overtone of A is equal to the second overtone of B and if the radius of A is twice that of B, the ratio
of the length of the strings is
1. 2: 1 2. 3:2 3. 3: 4 4. 1: 3
10. In a resonance tube experiment, the first two resonances are observed at length 10.5 cm and 29.5cm.
The third resonance is observed at the length __________ cm.
1. 47.5 2. 58.5 3. 48.5 4. 82.8
 x   x 
11. The two waves are represented by y1  106 sin  100t   0.5  m , y2  10 2 cos  100t   m
 50   50 
where x is in metres and t in seconds. The phase difference between the waves is approximately:
1. 1.07rad 2. 2.07rad 3. 0.5rad 4. 1.5rad
12. The difference in the speeds of sound in air at 5 C , 60cm pressure of mercury and 30 C , 75cm


pressure of mercury is (velocity of sound in air at 0 C is 332 m/s)

1. 15.25m/s 2. 21.35m/s 3. 18.3m/s 4. 3.05m/s
13. 25 tuning forks are arranged in decreasing order of frequency any two successive forks produce
3beats/sec. If the frequency of the first tuning fork is the octave of last, then frequency of 20th fork is
1. 72Hz 2. 288Hz 3. 84Hz 4. 87Hz
14. The displacement y in centimetre of a particle is y=3 sin 314t  4 cos 314t . Amplitude and initial phase
are
4 3 4
1. 5cm, tan 1 2. 3cm, tan 1 3. 4cm, tan 1 4. 4cm,0
3 4 9
4  103
15. At t=0, the shape of a travelling pulse is given by y  x, 0   where x and y are in metres. The
8   x
2

wave function for the travelling pulse if the velocity of propagation is 5m/s in the direction is given
by
4  103 4  103
1. y  x, t   2. y  x, t  
8   x 2  5t  8   x  5t 
2

4  103 4 103
3. y  x, t   4. y  x, t  
8   x  5t  8   x 2  5t 
2

16. The linear density of a vibrating string is 104 kg / m. A transverse wave is propagating on the string,
which is described by the equation y  0.02sin  x  30t  , where x and y are in metre and time t in
seconds. Then tension in the string is
1.0.09N 2. 0.36N 3. 0.9N 4. 3.6N
17. Two pulses in a stretched string whose centres are initially 8cm apart are moving towards each other
as shown in fig 7.80. The speed of each pulse is 2cm/s. After 2s the total energy of the pulses will be

1. Zero 2. Purely kinetic

3. Purely potential 4. Partly kinetic and partly potential
18. An organ pipe P1 closed at one end vibrating in its first harmonic and another pipe P2 open at both
the ends vibrating in its third harmonic are in resonance with a given tuning fork. The ratio of the
length of P1 to that of P2 is
1. 8/3 2. 3/8 3. 1/6 4. 1/3
 19. The ratio of intensities between two coherent sound sources is 4:1. The difference of loudness in
decibels (dB) between maximum and minimum intensities when they interfere in space is
1. 10 log (2) 2. 20 log (3) 3. 10 log(3) 4. 20 log(2)
20. A travelling wave in a stretched string is described by the equation y  A sin  kx  t  .The maximum
particle velocity is
1. A 2.  k 3. d dk 4. x t
21. A man is watching two trains, one leaving and the other coming in with equal speed of 4 m s . If they
sound their whistles, each of frequency 240Hz, the number of beats heard by the man (velocity of
sound in air is 320m/s) will be equal to ____
x
22. The equation of a stationary wave is y  0.8cos   sin 200 t where x is in cm and t is in s. The
 20 
separation between consecutive nodes will be _______ cm.
23. A sonometer wire supports a 4 kg load and vibrates in fundamental mode with a tuning fork of
frequency 416 Hz. The length of the wire between the bridges is now doubled. In order to maintain
fundamental mode, the load should be changes to _____ kg.
24. An air column in a pipe which is closed at one end will be in resonance with a vibrating tinning fork
of frequency 264Hz. The length of the air coloumn in cm is (velocity of sound in air= 330m/s)
______
t
25. The displacement y of a particle executing periodic motion is given by y  4cos 2 sin1000t How
2
many independent harmonic motion may be considered to superpose to result this expression ______
26. A stretched rope having linear mass density 5  102 kg m is under a tension of 80N. The power that
has to be supplied to the rope to generate harmonic waves at a frequency of 60Hz and an amplitude
2 2
of m is ______ W.
15
27. A stretched string of length 1m fixed at both ends, having a mass of 5  104 kg is under a tension of
20N. It is plucked at a point situated at 25cm from one end. The stretched string would vibrate with a
frequency of _____ Hz.
28. A tube, closed at one end and containing air, produces, when excited, the fundamental mode of
frequency 512 Hz. If the tube is open at both ends the fundamental frequency that can be excited is
(in Hz) __________
29. An open pipe is suddenly closed at one end and with the result frequency of third harmonic of the
closed pipe is found to be higher by 100Hz than the fundamental frequency of the open pipe. The
fundamental frequency of the open pipe is _______ Hz.
30. A whistle giving out 450Hz approaches a stationary observer at a speed of 33m/s. The frequency
heard by the observer in Hz is (speed sound= 330m/s) _____.

KEY:

1-10 4 4 3 3 3 3 4 2 4 3
11-20 1 2 4 1 2 1 2 3 2 1
21-30 6 20 16 31 3 512 200 1024 200 500
Solutions:

  
1. y  4sin  4 t  x 
 16 
  4 , k   16
 
v   64 cm s
k  16
in positive x-direction.
T
2. v 

3. The motorist receives two sound waves; direct one and that reflected from the wall.
v  vm
f1  f
v  vb
For reflected sound waves:
Frequency of sound wave reflected from the wall is
v
f 11  f
v  vb

Frequency of the reflected waves as received by the moving motorist is

v  vm v  vm
f 111   f 11  f
v v  vb
Therefore, the beat frequency is
v  vm v  vm
f 111  f 1  f f
v  vb v  vb
2vb  v  vm 
 f
v 2  v 2b
vu 
4. Apparent frequency for reflector (which will act here as an observer) would be f1   f
 v 
where f is the actual frequency of source. The reflector will now behave as a source. The apparent
frequency will now become
 v 
f2    f1
 v u 
Substituting the value of f1 we get
vu 
f2   f
 vu 
5. Intensity level is decibel is given by
I
L  10log10
I0
I1
L  1  10log10
I0
I1 I
Subtracting, 1  10 log10  10log10
I0 I0
1 I
or  log10 1
10 I
I
or 0.1  log10 0
I
I
or 1  1.26
I
v v l 3
6. 3   2 or c 
4lc 2l0 l0 4
f1 101
7. 
f 2 100
f1  f 2  5
101
f 2  f 2  5 or f 2  500 Hz
100
and f1  f 2  5  505 Hz
8. v1  250 Hz, v2  252 Hz, v2  v1  3
Now,
 a1  a2    4  2 
2 2
36
 9
 a1  a2   4  2 
2 2
4
9. According to equation
2n1  3n2
2 T 3 T
or 
2l m1 2l2 m2
l1 2 m2 2 a2 
or  
l2 3 m1 3 a1
2
l 2 r2 2 2  1 
or 1    
l2 3 r12 3  2 
l1 1
or 
l2 3
10.  2  29.5  10.5  19cm

3rd resonance= 19+29.5= 48.5cm

 x 
11. y1  106 sin  100t   0.5  m
 50 
 x 
y2  10 2 cos  100t   m
 50 
 x 
 y2  10 2 sin 100t   
 50 2 

phase difference=  0.5  1.07rad
2
12. Velocity of sound is not affected by the change in pressure of air velocity of sound at 1 C ,
v1   332  0.61t  m / s
At 5 C , v5 C   332  0.61 5 m / s
At 30 C , v30 C   332  0.61 30  m / s
 v30 C  v5 C   0.60  35  m / s
 21.35m / s
13. f1  f 25  24  3
also f1  2 f 25
 2 f 25  f 25  72
f 25  72
Now f 20  f 25  5  3
f 20  f 25  15  72  15  87 Hz

14. a  33  42  9  16  25  5cm
4 4
tan   or   tan 1  
3 3

15. y  x, t   f  x  vt 
4  103
y   x, 0  
8  x2
For travelling wave in the x-direction
4  103
y  x, t  
8   x  5t 
2
16. y  0.02sin  x  30t 
Comparing with standard equation
y  A sin  Kx  t  ,   30, K  1
Velocity of wave,
 30
v   30m / s
K 1
T
Expression v  gives
m
Tension T  v 2 m   30   10 4  0.09 N
2

17. After 2s, the two pulses will nullify each other. As string now becomes straight, there will be no
deformation in the string. In such a situation, the string will not have potential energy at any point.
The whole energy will be kinetic.
18. Given
v 3v l 1
  1 
4l1 2l2 l2 6
I1 4 I1 2
19.  or 
I2 1 I2 1
2
I max  I1 I 2  1 
2
 2  1
    9
I min  I1 I 2  1   2  1 
I 
 L1  L2  10log  max   10 log 9  20 log 3
 I min 
dy
V   A cos  kx  t 
20. dt
Vmax  A
v
21. Apparent frequency due to train which is coming in is n1  n
v  vs
v
Apparent frequency due to train which is leaving is n2  n
v  vs
So the number of beats is
 1 1 
n1  n2     320  240  n1  n2  6
 316 324 
22. Standard equation
2 x 2 vt
y  A cos sin
 
By comparing this equation with given equation
2 x  x
    40cm
 20
Distance between two nodes   2  20cm
23. For the given problem,
T
 cons tan t
l
T l 2
 v
24. f  or
4l
v 330
l  m
4 f 4  264
 0.3125m  31.25cm
t
25. y  4cos 2   sin1000t
2
 2 1  cos t  sin1000t
 2sin1000t  2 cos t sin1000t
 2sin1000t  sin 1000t  t   sin 1000  t 
 2sin1000t  sin1001t  sin 999t
 y1  y2  y3  Three waves
1 T
26. P   2 A2v where v 
2 
27. At 25cm, there will be antinode. So wire will vibrate in two loops.
2 T l T 20
v or v  
2l M Ml 5 104 1
 4 104 Hz  200 Hz
28.  4  l ( Fundamental mod e),   4l , c  v

c c
v   512 Hz
 4l
Given,  1 2  l
Fundamental mode,
  1  2l but c  v1 1
cc c 
 v1  
 2 
 2l1
 4l 
 2  512  1024 Hz
29. For both ends open, fundamental frequency
21
 l  1  2l
4
c c
 v1   ........(i )
1 2l
For one end closed the third harmonic
32 4l
 l  2 
4 3
 c 3c
v2  
2 4l
Given v2  v1  100
From eqs (i) and (ii )
v2 3 4 3
 
v1 1 2 2
on solving, we get v1  200 Hz
 v   330 
30. f 1  f    450   500 Hz
 v  vs   330  33 