DAR ES SALAAM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

STUDENT NAME: RODGERS ANDERSON IDEJE

MODULE NAME: BUSINESS MANAGEMENT IN ICT
MODULE CODE: GSU 07512
ADMISSION NO 230647449999
CLASS: BENG22 ETE2 ASSIGNMENT
MODULE MASTER: MANYASI M.
ACADEMIC YEAR: 2023/2024

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QUESTION 1: To Discuss the principles and practices of Agile Project Management in Information
Technology (IT) projects and evaluate the benefits and challenges of implementing Agile methodologies
compared to traditional project management approaches. To use real-world examples to illustrate your points.
Principles and Practices of Agile Project Management in IT Projects
Agile Project Management is an iterative approach to managing projects that focuses on collaboration,
customer feedback, and small, rapid releases. It is particularly popular in software development but can be
applied to various fields.
Key Principles of Agile Project Management
1. Customer Satisfaction through Early and Continuous Delivery: Deliver valuable software
frequently to satisfy customers.
2. Welcome Changing Requirements: Even late in development, Agile processes harness change for
the customer's competitive advantage.
3. Frequent Delivery of Workable Outputs: Deliver working products frequently, with a preference
for shorter timescales.
4. Collaboration between Business People and Developers: Business people and developers must
work together daily throughout the project.
5. Motivated Individuals: Build projects around motivated individuals, give them the environment and
support they need, and trust them to do the job.
6. Face-to-face communication: Face-to-face communication is the most efficient and effective
method of conveying information.
7. Working Software as the Primary Measure of Progress: Working software is the primary measure
of progress.
8. Sustainable Development: Agile processes promote sustainable development and can maintain a
constant pace indefinitely.
9. Continuous Attention to Technical Excellence and Good Design: Continuous attention to
technical excellence and good design enhances agility.
10. Simplicity: The art of maximizing the amount of work not done is essential.
11. Self-Organizing Teams: The best architectures, requirements, and designs emerge from self-
organizing teams.
12. Reflect and Adjust: At regular intervals, the team reflects on how to become more effective, then
tunes and adjusts its behavior accordingly.

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Here are some of the most widely used Agile methodologies/practice
1. Scrum
Scrum focuses on iterative development through fixed-length sprints.
Key practices:
Sprints
Daily Stand-ups
Sprint Planning
Example: Salesforce uses Scrum to manage development, ensuring regular updates and continuous
improvement.
2. Kanban
Kanban visualizes workflow and limits work-in-progress to maximize efficiency.
Key practices:
Kanban Board
WIP Limits
Example: Toyota uses Kanban to streamline workflows and ensure continuous software delivery.
3. Extreme Programming (XP)
XP emphasizes technical excellence and continuous feedback.
Key practices:
Pair Programming
Test-Driven Development (TDD)
Example: Thought Works uses XP, with pair programming, TDD, and continuous integration for high-
quality code.
Benefits of Agile Methodologies
i. Flexibility and Adaptability: Agile allows for changes in project scope and requirements, making
it easier to adapt to evolving customer needs.
ii. Improved Customer Satisfaction: Frequent delivery of valuable software ensures that customer
feedback is incorporated quickly, leading to higher satisfaction.
iii. Increased Productivity: Shorter development cycles and continuous feedback loops can lead to
higher productivity and efficiency.
iv. Better Quality: Continuous testing and integration ensure that issues are identified and resolved
early, leading to higher-quality products.
v. Enhanced Collaboration: Agile promotes close collaboration between team members and
stakeholders, fostering a more cohesive and effective team environment.

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Challenges of Agile Methodologies
i. Resistance to Change: Transitioning from traditional methods to Agile can be challenging,
especially for teams accustomed to a more structured approach.
ii. Requires Cultural Shift: Agile requires a shift in mindset and culture, emphasizing collaboration,
flexibility, and continuous improvement.
iii. Resource Intensive: Agile projects can be resource-intensive, requiring dedicated time and effort
from team members.
iv. Scalability Issues: Scaling Agile practices across large organizations or complex projects can be
difficult.
v. Dependency Management: Managing dependencies between different teams or components can be
challenging in an Agile environment.
Real-World Examples
i. Spotify: Spotify uses an adapted Scrum model known as "The Spotify Model," which emphasizes
autonomous teams and a focus on continuous improvement.
ii. PayPal: PayPal adopted Scrum to improve organization and reduce bottlenecks, resulting in
increased product offerings and improved employee alignment.
iii. Toyota: Toyota implemented Agile methodologies to improve efficiency and adaptability in its
manufacturing processes.
iv. JP Morgan Chase: JP Morgan Chase used Scrum and other Agile frameworks to accelerate product
development and innovation.
v. Sky: Sky transitioned from traditional Waterfall methods to Agile to improve software development
processes and collaboration.
Conclusion
Agile Project Management offers numerous benefits, but it also comes with its own set of challenges.
Understanding these principles, practices, and real-world examples can help organizations make informed
decisions about whether Agile is the right approach for their projects.
QUESTION 2. Visit the Planning Commission's website at https://www.planning.go.tz/to access the
Annual Development Plans (ADP) for 2023-24. Choose one project from the plans and write the
following: A. Project Charter
B. Business Case
C. Identify Project Stakeholders and Their Roles
From the Annual Development Plan (ADP) for 2023-24 on the Planning Commission's website. I selected a
project related to the Information, Communication, and Technology (ICT) sector.

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Project: Expansion of Broadband Internet Access in Rural Areas
A. Project Charter
Project Title: Expansion of Broadband Internet Access in Rural Areas
Project Sponsor: Ministry of Information, Communication, and Technology
Project Manager: John Doe
Project Start Date: January 1, 2023
Project End Date: December 31, 2024
Project Objectives:
➢ Increase broadband internet coverage in rural areas to 80% by the end of 2024.
➢ Improve internet speed and reliability in underserved regions.
➢ Enhance digital literacy and access to online services for rural communities.
Project Scope:
➢ Installation of broadband infrastructure in targeted rural areas.
➢ Training programs for local communities on digital literacy.
➢ Collaboration with internet service providers to ensure affordable access.
Key Deliverables:
➢ Broadband infrastructure in 100 rural communities.
➢ Digital literacy training for 10,000 individuals.
➢ Partnerships with at least three internet service providers.
Assumptions:
➢ Adequate funding will be available throughout the project.
➢ Cooperation from local governments and communities.
➢ Availability of necessary technology and equipment.
Constraints:
➢ Limited budget and resources.
➢ Geographical challenges in remote areas.
➢ Potential delays due to weather conditions.
Risks:
➢ Delays in infrastructure deployment.
➢ Resistance from local communities.
➢ Technical issues with broadband equipment.
Approval:
➢ Project Sponsor: [Signature]

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➢ Project Manager: [Signature]
➢ Date:
B. Business Case
Executive Summary: The Expansion of Broadband Internet Access in Rural Areas project aims to bridge
the digital divide by providing high-speed Internet access to underserved rural communities. This initiative
will enhance economic opportunities, improve access to education and healthcare, and promote social
inclusion.
Problem Statement: Many rural areas in Tanzania lack reliable internet access, limiting their ability to
participate in the digital economy and access essential services. This project addresses this gap by expanding
broadband infrastructure and promoting digital literacy.
Project Benefits:
1. Economic Growth: Improved internet access will enable rural businesses to reach wider markets and
increase their competitiveness.
2. Education: Students in rural areas will have access to online learning resources, improving educational
outcomes.
3. Healthcare: Telemedicine services will become more accessible, enhancing healthcare delivery in remote
areas.
4. Social Inclusion: Increased internet access will connect rural communities to the broader society, reducing
isolation.
Cost-Benefit Analysis:
Costs: The total project cost is estimated at $10 million, covering infrastructure deployment, training
programs, and partnerships with service providers.
Benefits: The project is expected to generate $20 million in economic benefits over five years, including
increased business revenues, improved educational outcomes, and enhanced healthcare services.
Project Timeline:
➢ Phase 1 (Q1 2023): Planning and stakeholder engagement.
➢ Phase 2 (Q2-Q4 2023): Infrastructure deployment in the first 50 communities.
➢ Phase 3 (Q1-Q3 2024): Infrastructure deployment in the remaining 50 communities.
➢ Phase 4 (Q4 2024): Digital literacy training and project evaluation.
Conclusion:
The Expansion of Broadband Internet Access in Rural Areas project is a critical investment in Tanzania's
future. By improving internet access and digital literacy, the project will drive economic growth, enhance
education and healthcare, and promote social inclusion.

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C. Identify Project Stakeholders and Their Roles
Ministry of Information, Communication, and Technology:
Role: Project Sponsor
Responsibilities: Provide funding, oversight, and strategic direction.
Project Manager (John Doe):
Role: Project Manager
Responsibilities: Oversee project execution, manage resources, and ensure project objectives are met.
Local Governments:
Role: Stakeholders
Responsibilities: Facilitate community engagement, provide local support, and assist with infrastructure
deployment.
Internet Service Providers:
Role: Partners
Responsibilities: Provide broadband services, collaborate on infrastructure deployment, and ensure
affordable access.
Community Leaders:
Role: Stakeholders
Responsibilities: Mobilize community support, participate in training programs, and promote digital
literacy.
Technical Teams:
Role: Implementers
Responsibilities: Install broadband infrastructure, troubleshoot technical issues, and maintain equipment.
Donors and Funding Agencies:
Role: Financial Supporters
Responsibilities: Provide financial resources, monitor project progress, and ensure accountability.
Conclusion.
In conclusion, the Expansion of Broadband Internet Access in Rural Areas project, from January
1, 2023, to December 31, 2024, aims to improve internet access in rural Tanzania. It will help
communities connect, learn, and grow by building broadband infrastructure and offering digital
skills training. With support from the government, service providers, and local leaders, this
project will bring better education, healthcare, and economic opportunities to underserved areas.

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Reference
1. Planning Commission of Tanzania. (2023). Annual Development Plans (ADP) for 2023-24.
Retrieved from https://www.planning.go.tz
2. Project Management Institute. (2017). A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge
(PMBOK Guide). 6th ed., Project Management Institute.
3. Royce, W. W. (1970). Managing the Development of Large Software Systems. Proceedings of IEEE
WESCON.
4. Beck, K., et al. (2001). Manifesto for Agile Software Development. Retrieved from https://agilemanifesto.org/