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English Language 2. the tone of the Surrender Speech is

(A) Satiric (b) Optimistic (C) Poignant (d) Narcissistic
I. Public speaking is a powerful real-life skill. Over the centuries, impressive speeches made
by people from various walks of life have helped to change hearts, minds and shape the 3. it is evident that through his speech, Churchill wished to _____ his countrymen ______.
world as we see it today. Speeches that are delivered with intense emotions and conviction (A) inform, about the challenges that arise in a war-torn country.
can infuse compassion and forgiveness; elevate levels of hatred and destruction; break or (b) Warn, against the futility of war.
unite nations. (C) remind, how their endeavours to fight against the Nazi rule had failed
miserably.
On October 5, in 1877 in the mountains of montana territory, when Chief Joseph surrendered (d) reassure, that they would combat fiercely against their enemy under all
to general Nelson A. miles, the former gave a Surrender Speech. the speech included these circumstances.
words: “It is cold, and we have no blankets; the little children are freezing to death. I want
ime o look for m children, and ee ho man of hem I can nd. Ma be I hall nd hem 4. Which one of the following is the least likely to be used to describe Churchill?
among the dead. Hear me, my Chiefs! I am tired; my heart is sick and sad. From where the (A) resolute (b) undaunted (C) Complacent (d) unwavering
n no and I ill gh no more fore er.”
the heart-wrenching speech bared the grief and misery of the speaker, and those subjected 5. in the sentence : ‘The poet’s voice need not merely be the record of man, it can be one
to overwhelming hardships. of the props, the pillars to help him endure and prevail’ Faulkner has used _______
to convey the power of a poet’s writings.
during World War ii, the speech We Shall Fight on the Beaches delivered by Winston
(A) A metaphor (b) A simile
Churchill on June 4, 1940 is considered a high-powered speech that strengthened the
(C) An onomatopoeia (d) A transferred epithet
determination of those present in the House of Commons. in the speech, he said, “Even
though large tracts of Europe and many old and famous States have fallen or may fall into
he grip of he Ge apo and all he odio appara of Na i r le, e hall no ag or fail. II. As a six-year-old child-beggar, Saroo slept off in a stationary train in Khandwa, madhya
We hall go on o he end, e hall gh in France, e hall gh on he ea and ocean , Pradesh; however, when he woke up, he found himself in an empty compartment of a
e hall gh i h gro ing con dence and gro ing reng h in he air, e hall defend o r train thundering towards Kolkata where he spent a couple of weeks in a state of panic and
i land, ha e er he co ma be, e hall gh on he beache , e hall gh on he landing hopelessness. Finally, he ended up in a local government adoption centre from where he
gro nd , e hall gh in he eld and in he ree , e hall gh in he hill ; a adop ed b an A ralian co ple. T en e ear la er, Saroo fel he rge o race hi
In 1950, William Fa lkner a hono red i h a Nobel Pri e for hi igni can con rib ion biological mother and see in what state she lived. relentlessly, he used google’s satellite
to the American novel. this was the time when the Soviet union had found the possible feature to map the parts of the country that could have possibly been his own hometown.
implications of the use of the atomic bomb, and people had begun to live in the fear of the search was a long and arduous one; nevertheless, the perseverance did pay. One
annihilation. in his Nobel Prize Acceptance Speech, Faulkner urged writers of various genres eventful day, he met his mother; thereafter, he continued to keep in touch with her.
to think and write beyond the fear of destruction, and instead write materials that would lift if technology can unite people with their loved ones, it can also make them distant. the
the human spirit. the powerful message included: “I believe that man will not merely endure: unlimited variety of applications (apps) available to toddlers, teenagers and adults might
he will prevail. He is immortal, not because he alone among creatures has an inexhaustible have revolutionized their lives for the better, but these very apps have snatched away the
oice, b beca e he ha a o l, a piri capable of compa ion and acri ce and end rance. joys of long naturewalks; they have encroached upon the time and space that people earlier
The poet’s, the writer’s, duty is to write about these things. It is his privilege to help man used for physical interaction; they have drilled deep chasms of loneliness in the lives of
endure by lifting his heart, by reminding him of the courage and honor and hope and pride countless numbers of people.
and compa ion and pi and acri ce hich ha e been he glorie of hi pa . The poe
voice need not merely be the record of man, it can be one of the props, the pillars to help Simple pleasures of life include visiting friends and relatives, playing matches in open spaces,
him endure and prevail.” interacting with people in markets, public libraries and clubs. However, with the escalating
rage of using apps like those for social media, playing virtual games, and homedelivery
undoubtedly, effective speeches have a long-lasting impact on the minds of the listeners, and services, these joyous moments are fading into oblivion, and the pall of loneliness is getting
they elevate the levels of awareness or actions the speaker intends to raise or catalyze. heavier by the day.
1. the main idea of the passage is that Where are we heading to? Are we going to allow ourselves to be swamped by apps? Are
(A) All leaders should be accomplished public speakers. we going to allow socialmedia to engulf us in a deluge of loneliness and isolation? Are
(b) An impactful speech can convey a strong message to the listeners. we going to drive ourselves to situations that will ultimately demand mental and physical
(C) A speech should sound pleasing to the ears of the listeners. therapies to regain normalcy? do we not know that physical interaction is as essential for
(d) Publicspeakers should be bold and argumentative. mental health as food and water is for physical health?
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earlier, social isolation was mostly experienced by some of the elderly people who were III. “Wash! Wash! Wash your hands! ” that’s been the safety-mantra ever since the pandemic
devoid of an occupation, and bereft of company of their loved ones. unfortunately today, COVid-19 began swamping the world. undoubtedly, washing hands has proven to be the
an unhealthy solitude prevails among numerous children, teenagers and adults too; be a o keep germ a ba . Unfor na el , he medical prac i ioner ho r promo ed
subsequently, there is an alarming increase in the demand for mental health therapy the importance of this simple activity was subjected to intense humiliation, and ultimately
practitioners. declared insane!
the necessity of engaging psychologists in schools and colleges is evidently on the rise.
ignaz Semmelweis was a Hungarian doctor. in 1847, as an obstetrician, he was disturbed that
the psychologists are required to identify and address the learning and behavioral needs
post-delivery, almost every third woman died of an unexpected malady. He observed that as
of students who approach them for guidance; moreover, if required, the professionals are
a part of the set routine, medical students and doctors would examine and study the corpses
expected to help them in strengthening their emotional, social and academic skills.
in the mortuary, and then come for rounds to the maternity wards. Here, without washing
regardless how alarming the situation might be, it is never too late. if people revert to their hands, they would examine expectant mothers. After making numerous hypothesis and
the earlier trend of shopping off-line, going for naturewalks, playing outdoors games, and observations, he was convinced that when doctors washed their hands before examining
catching up with friends in their homes or cafés more frequently, they can keep their heads the women in the ward, the number of deaths due to serious infection declined. He shared
rml ell abo e he ocean of loneline . hi ob er a ion i h hi colleag e and man o her orking in he eld of medicine, b
unfortunately he could not provide any concrete evidence to his theory. Sadly, due to the
6. From he pa age i i e iden ha Saroo de ire o nd hi mo her vehement criticism that he received, he went into depression. Furthermore, ignaz strived
(A) ended up being a distant dream. to prove his point so relentlessly that it led to the belief that he had lost his mind. in 1865,
(b) inspired him to use google’s satellite feature intermittently. a doctor deceptively lured him into an asylum for the insane, and two weeks of the brutal
(C) Waned as time went by. treatment that was meted out to him by the attendants led to his untimely death. About
(d) did not slacken till he succeeded. twenty years later, when the world became more receptive to the works of scientists like
Louis Pasteur and Joseph Lister, awareness regarding germs that cause diseases began
7. in the sentence ‘these very apps have snatched away the joys of long nature-walks;’ to spread. this is the time when ignaz was honoured with titles like Father of Hand Hygiene
the author has and Sa io r of Mo her - an honour much too late!
(A) Satirized nature (b) metaphorized apps
(C) Per oni ed app (D) None of he abo e Some of the most celebrated artists have earned fame much after their deaths. it is tragic
that Vincent Van gogh’s awe-inspiring work was labeled as strange and amateur by most of
the critics of his time. it is believed that he sold only one or two painting in his lifetime, and
8. From the passage one can conclude that
that too for a meager amount. today, every single painting of Vincent Van gogh paintings
(A) it is impossible for people to reduce the usage of apps.
is worth millions of dollars.
(b) there is a direct correlation between loneliness and excessive usage of social- media
apps. Fran Kafka a a pro cien ri er, b hen he p bli hed a fe piece of hi ri ing ,
(C) the usage of technology is as essential for mental-health as food and water is he received immense criticism. before his death in 1924, he handed over his unpublished
for physical health. novels and short stories to his friend max brod, and urged him to destroy them; however,
(d) All senior citizens are lonely because they are not tech-savvy. Brod go he man crip p bli hed. Toda , Fran i acclaimed a one of he major c ion
writers of the twentieth century; the novels titled The Trial published in 1925, and The Castle
9. From the passage it can be inferred that presently in many educational institutions published in 1926 are considered two of his masterpieces.
(A) the number of teachers who pass the buck to psychologists is on the rise.
(b) Special emphasis is being laid on the mental and emotional health of the Perhaps, if humans were more tolerant and amenable to change, innovative concepts,
students. theories and creations, the deserving would live to experience the glory and honour they
(C) The age of ed ca ional app i being di co raged igni can l . rightfully deserve.
(d) All the students feel the need to be counseled by psychologists.
11. the main idea of the passage is that
(A) All original theories and works should receive unreserved acceptance.
10. in the concluding paragraph of the given passage, the writer’s tone can be best
(b) many undeserving innovators have been honoured after their demise.
described as
(C) Creativity must never be inhibited.
(A) Optimistic (b) despairing
(d) Numerous innovators have found recognition and appreciation of their works
(C) Laudatory (d) Apologetic
posthumously.
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12. From the passage it is evident that dr. ignaz’s theory was rejected because again, there is some overlap between cryptocurrency advocates, conspiracy theorists,
(A) He could not substantiate it and anti-vaxxers. The ime ha come for omeone o and p for he c rren a mone
(b) the doctors did not want him to regulate their work ethics system and explain that while it could be better still, it has been associated with far more
(C) He had been declared insane growth, much more distributed, and has responded better to economic crisis than what
(d) Joseph Lister and Louis Pasteur had already discovered germs came before.
in today’s money–credit system, banks create money when they issue a loan and place the
13. From the passage one can conclude that the art critics who _______ Van gogh’s
loan’s proceeds into the account of their customers, creating a deposit. money is, in fact,
works were __________.
a tradable debt. the bank’s deposit can be used as cash because the bank is a regulated
(A) Applauded, pessimistic.
issuer of loans and deposit-taker, which gives the deposit credibility and convertibility. the
(b) Censured, hypercritical.
cen ral bank onl in ence he crea ion of mone indirec l b i reg la or req iremen
(C) denounced, tolerant.
ha a propor ion of he loan need o be f nded b hareholder pro . The need o
(d) Acclaimed, rigid.
have skin in the game. money creation then is based on thousands of separate decisions
14. From the passage it can be inferred that max brod b loan of cer and i more di rib ed han a cen rali ed algori hm like Bi coin. And i
(A) Was of the opinion that Franz had not reached out to the right critics supply is determined by the private demand for loans, which means it is closely aligned to
(b) decried Franz’s writings the economy.
(C) Considered it unsacred to destroy any manuscript
16. Which of the following does best describe attitude of the author towards rich people?
(d) Appreciated and valued Franz’s works
(A) Concerned (b) Assiduous (C) indifferent (d) Sympathetic
15. the word relentlessly in the passage can be best replaced by the word
17. Which of the following is true in the context of the passage?
(A) irresolutely (b) recklessly
(A) the author defends the current money–credit system.
(C) unabatedly (d) unabashedly
(b) the author rejects the idea that the central bank or government creates money
IV. Cryptocurrencies are a terrible thing. they are the essence of a Ponzi scheme whose value and are busy debasing it in their self-interest.
is based entirely on a greater fool prepared to buy it. the promise of alchemy-turning lead (C) the author backs the protection of poor from menace of cryptocurrencies.
into gold has bewitched humanity throughout the ages and cryptocurrencies are just the (d) All the above
latest alchemy. do not get me wrong, if rich people want to lose their money, in this or any
18. Which rhetorical device is employed in ‘cryptocurrencies are just the latest alchemy’?
other way, they should be allowed to do so. the rich should be the vanguards of new things
(A) Antithesis (b) metaphor
in case something unforeseen and good falls out of them. but we need to protect those
(C) Per oni ca ion (D) S necdoche
vulnerable consumers whose lives are such that almost any get-rich-quick schemes will be
seductive, and seven out of 10 times, they will lose their life savings. Cryptocurrencies are
19. Which of the following does best describe the passage?
oda So h Sea B bble one of he earlie recorded nancial b bble ha ook place
(A) Argumentative and explanatory (b) descriptive and argumentative
in the 1720s’ britain. meme-based currencies like dogecoin, dogelon mars and doge dash
(C) Narrative and explanatory (d) expository and argumentative
remind me of the infamous plan of one company during the South Sea bubble to raise
money “for carrying on an undertaking of great advantage; but nobody to know what it is.” 20. What do the cryptocurrency enthusiasts rely on?
the cryptocurrency bubble is worse than tulip mania. through the veil of technology, (A) exemption from regulation
cryptocurrency enthusiasts are leaning on policy-makers to permit them to be exempt from (b) Privatization of money
regulation, privatize money, and make money so disconnected from the economy that it (C) disconnection of money from the economy
o ld reap nancial di a er. There are man rea on o a oid nancial di a er , b one (d) All the above
of them is that they ratchet up poverty and inequality. the current money–credit system is
not perfect, but like democracy, it is the worst system barring all the others. it has evolved V. the fact that gaia, in her monstrous avatar, decided to distribute fossil fuels very unevenly
from the ashes of the system cryptocurrency enthusiasts are trying to resurrect. across the earth has been central to the emergence of the world’s current geopolitical order.
From a vitalist point of view, it could be said that the wars of the twentieth century were won
the current system is vulnerable to attack because money is little understood. Cryptocurrency as much by the fossilized energy of botanical matter as by particular groups of humans.
en h ia ha e a rac ed a follo ing ba ed on he c ion ha he cen ral bank or go ernmen
creates money and are busy debasing it in their self-interest. this is not the case, but then in the First World War germany’s lack of oil put it at a huge disadvantage against the Allies,
more or less ensuring its defeat. the shortage of oil effectively cancelled the technological
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ad an age German enjo ed a he ar of he ar: de pi e ha ing a large ee , for in ance, 23. Which of the following could be inferred from michael Klare’s opinion on uS military?
it was unable to use its navy effectively because its coal-burning ships needed to refuel (A) the uS military interferes with energy needs of other countries.
every eleven days. Conversely, the assured supply of American oil conferred so great an (b) the uS energy policy has become increasingly militarized.
advantage on britain and France that “it could be fairly stated that the war was won for the (C) the uS has changed energy policy drastically.
Western allies by tankers.” Not for nothing was it said of the First World War that britain, (D) The US ha f ll nder ood he ra egic al e of con rolling oil o .
France, and he Uni ed S a e oa ed o ic or on a ea of oil.
in the Second World War the shortage of oil was even more critical to the defeat of the Axis 24. What does the phrase ‘tangentially related’ to mean?
powers. the german Luftwaffe was forced to rely on synthetic fuels derived from coal, and (A) related directly and in straightforward way
these could not provide the high-octane energy that was necessary for high- compression (b) related closely and centrally
aero engines: “it was largely due to the inferior engines in german aircraft that the Luftwaffe (C) related only slightly and peripherally
lost the battle of britain.” the shortage of oil also dictated germany’s war strategy: it was (d) None of the above
in order o ei e he oil eld of he Ca ca ha he German arm p hed ea ard in o
the Soviet union in 1942, leading to a defeat at Stalingrad from which it never recovered. 25. What makes the uS strategically dominating global hegemon?
Japan’s invasion of the dutch east indies was similarly forced by its lack of oil. (A) Capaci of he US o pro ide oil pro ec ion er ice, g arding pipeline , re nerie ,
and loading facilities.
in short, over the course of the twentieth century access to oil became the central focus of
(b) increasingly militarized energy policy of the uS Navy, the largest oceanic force
global geopoli ical ra eg : for a Grea Po er, o be able o en re or hinder he o of
on the planet.
oil a o ha e a h mb on he j g lar of i ad er arie . In he r par of he en ie h
(C) The role of US a a g aran or of global energ o .
cen r he g aran or of he o of oil a Bri ain. Af er he Second World War, he ba on
was passed, along with a string of british naval bases, to the united States. the role of (d) All the above
g aran or of global energ o i ill cr cial o US ra egic dominance and o i po i ion
VI. the modern animal rights movement, which originated in the 1970s, may be understood
as global hegemon.
as a reaction to dominant emphases within science and religion (principally, though not
today, as elizabeth deLoughrey has pointed out, “uS energy policy has become increasingly exclusively, Christianity). When the Jesuit Joseph rickaby wrote in 1888 that “brute beasts,
militarized and secured by the Navy, the largest oceanic force on the planet.” in the words not having understanding and therefore not being persons, cannot have any rights” and that
of the historian michael Klare, the iraq War of 2003 marked the transformation of the uS we have “no duties of charity or duties of any kind to the lower animals as neither to stocks
mili ar in o a global oil pro ec ion er ice, g arding pipeline , re nerie , and loading and stones”, he was only articulating, albeit in an extreme form, the moral insensitivity that
facilities in the middle east and elsewhere.” has characterized the Western view of animals.
I i impor an o no e ha he ra egic al e of con rolling oil o i angen iall rela ed o Tha in en i i i i he re l of an amalgam of in ence . The r , and for man ear he
the uS’s energy requirements. the period in which the American military was turning into most dominant, was the “other worldly” or “world denying” tendency in Christianity, which
“a global oil protection service” was one in which the uS was well on its way to reducing has, at its worst, denigrated the value of earthly things in comparison with things spiritual.
i dependence on impor ed oil. The fac ha he US i no elf- f cien in fo il f el traditional Catholicism has divided the world into those beings that possess reason and
has in no way diminished the strategic importance of oil as an instrument for the projection therefore immortal souls, and those that do not. Christian spirituality has not consciously
of power- it is the ability to deny energy supplies to rivals that is strategically of central been at home with the world of non-human creatures-either animal or vegetable. Classic
accounts of eternal life as found in Augustine of Hippo, thomas Aquinas, or John Calvin
importance.
make little or no reference to the world of animals. Animals, it seems, are merely transient
or peripheral beings in an otherwise wholly human-centric economy of salvation.
21. What is the central idea of the passage?
(A) Fossil fuels in war-making. the second idea-common to Christianity, Judaism, and islam-is that animals, along with
(b) Strategic value fossil fuels in uS dominance in the world. vegetables and minerals, exist instrumentally in relation to human beings; they are made for
(C) role of fossil fuels in modern geopolitical order. human beings, even belong to human beings, as resources in creation. this idea predates
(d) distribution of fossil fuels in the world. Christianity and is found notably in Aristotle, who argues that “since nature makes nothing
to no purpose, it must be that nature has made them for the sake of man”. this idea, largely
unsupported by scripture, was nevertheless taken over by Aquinas, who conceived of
22. What was the cause of germany’s defeat in the First World War?
creation as a rational hierarchy in which the intellectually inferior existed for the sake of the
(A) germany’s shortage of oil intellectually superior.
(b) Advantage of britain and France
Such instrumentalism, which features rationality as the key factor dividing human beings
(C) Weaknesses of germany’s navy
from br e bea , ha in rn b re ed he hird in ence, namel he no ion of h man
(d) All the above superiority in creation. Human superiority need not, by itself, have led to the neglect of
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animal life, but when combined with the biblical ideas of being made “in the image of god” Current Affairs and General Knowledge
and god’s preferential choice to become incarnate in human form, some sense of moral as
well as theological ascendancy was indicated. As a result, Christianity, and to a lesser extent VII. When we hear the name SPACe, only one organization comes to mind: the indian Space
Judaism, have been characterized historically by an overwhelming concern for humanity in
creation rather than an egalitarian concern for all forms of god-given life. that humans are research Organization (iSrO). the indian Space research Organization (iSrO), located
more important than animals, and that they self-evidently merit moral solicitude in a way in Bengal r , i he co n r r pace agenc . ISRO a fo nded in 1969 i h he goal
that animals cannot, has become religious doctrine. thus the Catechism of the Catholic of developing and utilizing space technology for national development while also conducting
Church maintains that “it is . . . unworthy to spend money on them [animals] that should as planetary exploration and space science research. the space research operations began in
a priority go to the relief of human misery”.
india in the early 1960s, at a time when satellite applications were still in the experimental
The e in ence ha e in rn enabled and j i ed he cien i c e plora ion of he na ral stages in the united States. dr. Vikram Sarabhai, the founding father of india’s space
orld and peci call he bjec ion of animal o e perimen a ion. Franci Bacon p r ed
hi cien i c in e iga ion in he belief ha h mani ho ld reco er ha righ o er na re programme, rapidl recogni ed he bene of pace echnologie af er he li e ran mi ion
which belongs to it by divine bequest”. rené descartes famously likened the movements of he Tok o Ol mpic Game acro he Paci c b he American a elli e S ncom-3
of a swallow to the workings of a clock, and maintained that “there is no prejudice to which demonstrated the power of communication satellites. the iSrO has launched various
we are more accustomed from our earliest years than the belief that dumb animals think”. spacecrafts like the Chandrayaan, Astrosat, microsat, gSAt etc. the government of india
has also approved a regional spaceborne navigation system, which will consist of seven
26. Jesuit Joseph rickaby’s articulation on animals may be termed as:
(A) eco-centric view of animals (b) Anthropocentric view of animals satellites. Out of these, four of them will be placed in geosynchronous inclined orbit of 29°
(C) ethnocentric view of animals (d) Androcentric view of animals relative to the equatorial plane. Such an arrangement would mean all seven satellites would
have continuous radio visibility with indian control stations.
27. According to the author, how did Christianity contribute to insensitivity of the West
towards animals? 31. Name he r dedica ed mi ion la nched b ISRO for d ing he cele ial o rce
(A) it denigrated the value of earthly things in comparison with spiritual things. in X-ray, optical and uV spectral bands simultaneously.
(b) it divided the world into beings with and without reason. (A) Amazonia (b) Astrosat
(C) it propagated as if animals are transient or peripheral in human centric economy
(C) gaganyaan – 1 (d) Lunar Polar exploration mission
of salvation.
(d) All the above.
32. APPLE, he r comm nica ion a elli e of ISRO a la nched from:
28. Which of the following is closest to the meaning of the word ‘instrumentalism’ as used (A) Satish dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota
in the passage? (b) terLS, thiruvananthapuram
(A) Pragmatism (b) idealism
(C) Kourou, French guiana
(C) egalitarianism (d) None of the above
(d) SSLV Launching Station, tamil Nadu
29. Which of the following is not true in the context of the passage?
(A) We ern philo oph and cience are bo h nder he in ence of religion. 33. Name the spacecraft that has been successfully sent into the space to probe into the
(B) We ern philo ophical ie on animal ha e been in enced b religio no ion planets in the solar system.
about them. (A) Sputnik 19 (b) Cosmos 482
(C) We ern religio no ion on animal ha e j i ed bjec ion of animal o
cien i c e perimen a ion. (C) Pioneer-e (d) mariner 10
(D) Some of he cien i c ie on animal ha e been in enced b religio no ion
about them. 34. The r cce f l N clear Bomb e cond c ed b India in 1974, i called he:
(A) Prithvi (b) Pokhran-ii
30. it may be inferred from rené descartes’ view that (C) Smiling buddha (d) Surya
(A) it as irrational to assume that animals have awareness and some mental
capacities. 35. NaviC covers india and region extending:
(b) Animals are automata or they act mechanically.
(C) Neither (A) nor (b) (A) 1,500 Km (b) 2,000 Km
(d) both (A) and (b) (C) 7,000 Km (d) 1,000 Km

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VIII. On december 26, 2021, for he r ime ince he pre en go ernmen came o po er in 40. AFSPA is currently in force in:
2014, the union Home Mini r con i ed a panel led b i of cer o re ie he i hdra al (A) Arunachal Pradesh and Assam
of the Armed areas. the Act was amended in 1972 and the powers to declare an area as (b) Nagaland and manipur
“disturbed” were conferred concurrently upon the Central government along with the States.
(C) Jammu and Kashmir
C rren l , he MHA i e periodic di rbed area no i ca ion o e end AFSPA onl for
Nagaland and Arunachal Pradesh, where it is applicable in the districts of tirap, Changlang, (d) All of the above
Longding and areas falling under Namsai and mahadevpur police stations bordering Assam.
The no i ca ion for Manip r and A am i i ed b he S a e governments. tripura revoked
IX. One of he j i ca ion of R ia-Ukraine ar R ian leader claimed ha mili ar ac ion
the Act in 2015 and meghalaya was under AFSPA for 27 years, until it was revoked by the
was necessary to stop ukrainian attacks on the two break away regions of donetsk and
mHA from April 1, 2018. the Act was implemented in a 20-km area along the border with
Lugansk, which russia recognized as sovereign states. President of russia claimed that
Assam. Jammu and Kashmir has a separate J&K Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act,
1990. R ia co ld come nder a ack b Ukrainian far righ go ernmen , nle heir in ence in
the country is diminished. He accused Western Nations of arming Kyiv against russia. After
36. Power to notify parts of or the whole of a State or a union territory as a ‘disturbed being ordered by russia’s leader to invade the capital of ukraine, russian troops moved in
area’, under the Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act, 1958 is vested with: e eral direc ion . A he r arge ere hi , airpor and he mili ar HQ ere loca ed
(A) governor of any State (b) Administrator of a union territory near cities across ukraine, then tanks and troops rolled into the country from the north, east,
(C) Central government (d) All of the above and south. the war has demolished most of the cities of the ukraine and caused irreparable
damage to the humanity.
37. AFSPA was introduced in meghalaya in the year:
(A) 1995 (b) 1999
(C) 1991 (d) 1989 41. ukraine was part of which country during 1922-1991?
(A) germany (b) Poland
38. Consider the following statements about the Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act and (C) uSA (d) uSSr
mark the correct option.
(A) detractors and Human rights Organizations, as well as many sections of civil 42. Who is the President of ukraine?
society, argue that the Act often leads to excesses and require checks and
balances or could alienate the people instead of integrating them with the main (A) Volodymyr Zelenskyy (b) Vladimir Zelenskyy
stream. (C) Volodymyr S. Zelenskyy (d) Vladimir Zelensky
(B) Irom Chan Sharmila, an ac i i from Manip r, became an en i i ing g re
mboli ing he pro e again AFSPA af er he a on an inde ni e fa in 2000, 43. Which is the currency of ukraine?
demanding its repeal and ended it only in August 2016.
(A) guilder (b) Zloty
(C) both (A) and (b) are correct
(d) None of the above (C) ruble (d) Hryvnia

39. In 2005, a go ernmen -appoin ed e-member commi ee, recommended ha AFSPA 44. the President of ukraine was formerly:
be repealed. it suggested that the unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act could be suitably (A) Wea her Foreca er (B) Na Of cer
amended to deal with terrorism. it made this recommendation as it felt that the AFSPA (C) Comedian (d) tV News reader
created an impression that the people of the Northeast States were being targeted
for hostile treatment. Who headed this committee? 45. Which operation was launched by the indian government to bring back indians from
(A) b. P. Jeevan reddy ukraine during russia-ukraine war?
(b) Abhishek Singhvi
(A) Operation Kyiv (b) Operation ganga
(C) Soli Sorabjee
(C) Operation rakshak (d) Operation east Star
(d) ram Jethmalani

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X. every second patent granted in india between 2016-2021 is related to green technology XI. the government may defer the deadline for companies to deposit the unspent portion of
and a quarter of the green technology patents are concerning alternative energy production, their Corporate Social responsibility (CSr) funds in o peci ed bank acco n in a mo e
coinciding with the Centre’s efforts on “enhanced use of green technology for boosting aimed a pro iding ome relief in he gh again he COVID-19 and b eq en re ric ion .
economy and encouraging consumers to use products produced through use of such Companie are req ired o pend a lea 2% of heir a erage ne pro of he preceding
echnolog . data from the ministry of Commerce and industry shows that more than 91,500 i hin hree nancial ear on CSR. The mini r ha allo ed rm o nder ake projec
on an ongoing basis on the condition that any unspent amount must be deposited with a
patents were granted between 2016-17 and 2020-21, while the data for 2021-22 was not
ched led bank i hin 30 da of he end of he nancial ear. “Considering the current
immediately available. However, going by the trend in the past two years, india is expected to cri i , e req e o r e eemed of ce o con ider rela a ion b pro iding e en ion of
clear at least 25,000 more applications this year. Separate data from the ministry shows that the timelines up to June 30, 2021,” the institute of Company Secretaries of india said in a
between 2016-17 and 2021-22 (up to January), 61,186 patents related to green technologies letter to the ministry. experts said that while lockdowns and restrictions are less stringent
have been granted in the said period. Of these, 90% are for technologies concerning waste than last year and companies have adapted to working online, many professionals or their
management and alternative energy production- 38,837 or 63% of them are related to families have been affected by the infection, leaving teams short-staffed.
waste management and more than 16,000 or 26% are for alternative energy production.
the rest of the green technology patentsare for energy conservation (2,555),transportation 51. Which of the following is the Corporate Social responsibility (CSr) initiative of the
erstwhile Facebook india to promote women entrepreneurship?
technologies (2,481),nuclear power generation (1,079),agriculture-and-forestry (161),and
(A) Shakti (b) Pragati
others (69). (C) Lean in (d) marching Forward
46. With which country india entered into a ‘green Strategic Partnership’ in 52. in 2019, which of the following Committees recommended that CSr expenditure
September 2020? should be made tax deductible expenditure?
(A) Poland (b) greece (A) Company Laws Committee
(C) denmark (d) South Korea (b) High Level Committee on reform of indian Company Law
(C) High Level Committee on Corporate Social responsibility
47. in pursuance of the united Nations Sustainable development goals (Sdg), india aims (d) Committee for reforms in Corporate Social responsibility in india
to be energy independent by the year
(A) 2047 (b) 2040 53. CAWACH is an initiative by the National Science and technology entrepreneurship
(C) 2045 (d) 2057 development board, department of Science and technology, government of india
stands for the:
48. According to the global innovation index 2021 published by the World intellectual (A) Centre for Alleviating Waning Healthcare Companies
Property Organization (WiPO), india is ranked _________ out of 132 countries. (b) Centre for Augmenting Wound-up Healthcare Companies
(A) 45th (b) 46th (C) Centre for Augmenting WAr with COVid-19 Health Crisis
(C) 47th (d) 48th (d) Centre for Alleviating Withering Healthcare Companies

49. in January 2022, the union Cabinet approved the second phase of the green energy 54. On January 22, 2021 the Companies (Corporate Social responsibility Policy)
Amendmen R le , 2021 ere no i ed b he:
Corridor (geC) in india with the objective to facilitate
(A) ministry of Finance
(A) grid integration and power evacuation of renewable energy (re) Power Projects
(b) ministry of Social Justice and empowerment
in seven States. (C) ministry of Law and Justice
(b) ecologically sustainable growth by increasing carbon footprint. (d) ministry of Corporate Affairs
(C) ecologically sustainable production of fossil fuels.
(d) Spreading awareness regarding renewable energy (re) Power Projects. 55. the ministry of Corporate Affairs has instituted an award to select companies to
recognize corporate initiatives in the area of Corporate Social responsibility (CSr)
50. the ireNA is an intergovernmental organization that supports countries in their to achieve inclusive growth and inclusive and sustainable development. the name of
transition to a sustainable energy future and serves as the principal platform for the award is:
international co-operation on renewable energy. ireNA stands for: (A) National Corporate Social responsibility Awards
(A) intergovernmental renewable energy Association (b) National Awards for excellence in Social responsibility
(b) international renewable energy Association (C) National Awards for Corporate excellence in Social responsibility
(C) intergovernmental renewable energy Agency (d) National Awards for excellence in inclusive growth and Sustainable
(d) international renewable energy Agency development
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XII. With the announcement of drone Shakti in the union budget, the industry got a massive maritime Strategy in 2007, titled “Freedom to use the Seas”. they kept on upgrading their
push after the liberalization of the drone rules in 2021. the government stated that start- vision document on regular intervals with latest being declared in 2015. the Security And
ups will be promoted to facilitate drone Shakti, with ‘drone as a service’. growth for All in the region (SAgAr) vision declared by the government of india in may
“The current Government has taken a serious paradigm shift on drone technology and 2015 has been a massive game changer on multiple fronts. it integrates the geopolitical
Drone Shakti announcement of the current FY budget proves the government’s clear vision and geostrategic realities to domestic requirements. the security concerns and the blue
and foc o ard hi emerging ind r . Drone Shak i and Ki an Drone ill de ni el
economic opportunities are comprehensively addressed along with the diplomatic leverage
help get this technology to impact common people on the grassroots level at a massive
and reviving the rich maritime heritage.
scale,” according to the founder and CeO of a prominent aerospace quoted in a business
magazine. the country is set to witness the use of large, unmanned aircraft systems weighing the SAgAr vision has been backed by aggressive push by the government of india to
more than 150 kilograms across the sectors. Kisan drones are already being used for crop drive mega projects with massive human resource requirements.
assessments, land records, spraying of insecticides, and are expected to boost a wave of
technology in the Agri and farming sector. drones are also being used in surveillance systems
for railway Security. in india, drones were also deployed to deliver COVid-19 vaccines. 61. Which of he follo ing i he agship programme of the ministry of Shipping, government
of india, to promote port-led development in the country through harnessing india’s
56. COVid-19 vaccines were delivered by drones as iCmr-led pilot project to: 7,500 km long coastline, 14,500 km of potentially navigable waterways and strategic
(A) Ladakh (b) Katra location on key international maritime trade routes?
(C) dantewada (d) manipur
(A) Sagarmala Programme (b) Sagarshakti Programme
57. Which of the following is the online platform hosted by the directorate general of (C) Jalshakti Programme (d) Jalmala Programme
Civil Aviation for various activities related to the management of drone activities in
india?
62. Which of the following is the initiative of the ministry of earth Sciences (moeS),
(A) e-drone Shakti (b) digital Sky platform
(C) Aakash Shakti (d) digital drone platform government of india, to explore marine resources and develop deep sea technologies
for sustainable use of ocean resources?
58. Which of the following refers to the phenomenon of restricting the movement of drones (A) Sagarmanthan mission (b) Samudramanthan mission
i hin a de ned air pace? (C) deep Ocean mission (d) deep Ocean and Sea technology mission
(A) geo-fencing (b) drone-fencing
(C) Sky-fencing (d) Air-fencing
63. iSA is a united Nations body regulating the exploration and exploitation of marine
59. the drone rules, 2021 have been made in supersession of which of the following non-living resources of oceans in international waters. iSA stands for:
rules? (A) international Sea Authority (b) international Sea Association
(A) the unmanned Aircraft System rules, 2020
(C) international Seafaring Association (d) international Seabed Authority
(b) the Aircraft rules, 2020
(C) the unmanned Aircraft System rules, 2021
(d) the manned Aircraft rules, 1934 64. under mission SAgAr, which indian Naval Ship was deployed by the indian Navy
to provide humanitarian and medical assistance to maldives, mauritius, Seychelles,
60. Which autonomous body is responsible for national accreditation structure for drones? madagascar and Comoros?
(A) drone Council of india (b) unmanned Aircraft Council of india
(C) manned Aircraft Council of india (d) Quality Council of india (A) iNS Kesari (b) iNS Vikrant
(C) iNS Viraat (d) iNS Vikramaditya

XIII. the 21st century has seen an overall shift in india’s policy outlook and also the global outlook
65. Which of he follo ing i India r manned ocean mi ion hich a la nched a
towards india. Coherent policy initiatives and effective implementation on the ground have
Chennai?
en red a po i i e gro h pro le. The bigge hif ha been he recogni ion of he mari ime
sector. Somehow, post-independence, we as a nation became sea blind and completely (A) Samudrashakti (b) Samudrayan
undermined our maritime potential. initially, the indian Navy came out with their military (C) Sagaryan (d) Sagarshakti

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Legal Reasoning 69. A licen ing of cer i nder a a or d oi e a licen e o an applican ho f l l

the conditions prescribed for the i e of ch licen e. Mr. X, an applican , f l lled all
XIV. Writ is a public law remedy. it refers to a formal, written order issued by a judicial authority the conditions prescribed for the issue of such license, but his application for issuance
directing an individual or authority to do or refrain from doing an act. the High Court, while of licen e a rejec ed b he licen ing of cer. In he gi en i a ion, hich of he
exercising its power of judicial review, does not act as an appellate body. it is concerned following statements is correct?
with illegality, irrationality and procedural impropriety of an order passed by the State or a (A) Wri of mandam can be gran ed compelling he licen e of cer o i e he
Statutory Authority. A High Court is empowered to issue directions, orders or writs for the license.
enforcement of Fundamental rights and for any other purpose. the writ jurisdiction of High (B) Wri of mandam canno be gran ed compelling he licen e of cer o i e he
Court is discretionary and equitable. Writ of mandamus is issued by a court commanding a license as there is no violation of fundamental right.
p blic a hori o perform a p blic d belonging o i of ce. I can be i ed onl hen a (C) Wri of mandam can be gran ed a i i he di cre ion of he licen ing of cer o
legal duty is imposed on the authority and the petitioner has right to compel the performance grant license.
of such duty. Writ of mandamus is requested to be issued, inter alia, to compel performance (D) Wri of mandam canno be gran ed compelling he licen e of cer o i e he
of public duties which may be administrative, ministerial or statutory in nature. A writ of license as there is no violation of public duty.
mandamus may be issued in favour of a person who establishes a legal right in himself. it
may be issued against a person who has a mandatory legal duty to perform, but has failed
70. Which of the following statements is incorrect?
or has neglected to do so. Such a legal duty emanates by operation of law. the writ of
(A) Writ of mandamus may be issued in favour of a person who establishes the
mandamus is most extensive in regards to its remedial nature. the object of mandamus
is to prevent disorder emanating from failure of justice and is required to be granted in all existence of a legal right.
ca e here la ha e abli hed no peci c remed . (b) Writ of mandamus may be issued against a person or authority who has a
mandatory duty to perform but has failed or has neglected to do so.
66. the government of a state made a rule to make it discretionary to grant dearness (C) Writ of mandamus is purported to prevent disorder emanating from failure of justice.
allo ance o i emplo ee . One of he emplo ee led a ri pe i ion eeking a (d) Writ of mandamus may be requested to be issued to compel performance of
mandamus to compel the government to grant dearness allowance. in the given private duties which may be administrative, ministerial or statutory in nature.
situation, which of the following statements is true?
(A) Writ of mandamus cannot be granted as no legal duty was imposed on the XV. to maintain the secular character of the indian polity, not only does the Constitution of india
government to grant dearness allowance. guarantee freedom of religion to individuals and groups, but it is also against the general
(b) Writ of mandamus cannot be granted as a statutory right was conferred on the policy of the Constitution of india that any money be paid out of the public funds for promoting
employee to receive dearness allowance. or maintaining any particular religion. Accordingly, it is provided in the Constitution of india
(C) Writ of mandamus can be granted as it is a public law remedy. ha no per on hall be compelled o pa an a e , he proceed of hich are peci call
(d) Writ of mandamus can be granted as it is a discretionary remedy. appropriated in payment of expenses for the promotion or maintenance of any particular
religion or religious denomination. this does not prohibit the State from enacting a law
67. A p blic- piri ed ci i en led a ri pe i ion eeking a mandam o compel he to incur expenses for the promotion or maintenance of any particular religion or religious
government to make a law to curb the ill-effects of climate change. in the given situation, denomination, but by such law, no person can be compelled to pay any tax, the proceeds
which of the following statements is true? of which are to be so utilized. this, however, does not invalidate levy of a fee to provide
(A) Writ of mandamus can be granted as it is an equitable remedy. some service. thus, a fee can be levied on pilgrims to a religious fair to meet the expenses
(b) Writ of mandamus cannot be granted as no legal duty is imposed on the government of the measures taken to safeguard the health, safety and welfare of the pilgrims. Such
to pass a law to curb the ill-effects of climate change. fee levied by a State will be valid because the object of such contribution is not to foster or
(C) Writ of mandamus can be granted as it is a discretionary remedy. preserve religion, but to control secular administration of religious institutions.
(d) Writ of mandamus cannot be granted as there is no violation of fundamental right.
71. Mr. A, a a -pa er of ario a e le ied b he S a e Go ernmen , led a ri pe i ion
68. mr. A and mr. b are parties to a contract of sale of goods. upon breach of contractual for issuance of a writ of mandamus directing the State to forbear from spending any
obliga ion b Mr. A, Mr. B led a ri pe i ion eeking a mandam o compel
amount from the public funds of the state for renovation of water tanks belonging to a
mr. A to perform his obligations under the contract. in the given situation, which of
Hindu temple in the State. these tanks were used by the general public, irrespective
the following statements is true?
(A) Writ of mandamus can be granted as it is a discretionary remedy. of heir religio af lia ion, for ba hing and drinking p rpo e . In he gi en i a ion,
(b) Writ of mandamus cannot be granted as there is no violation of fundamental right. which of the following statements is correct?
(C) Writ of mandamus cannot be granted as mr. b’s right under the contract is a (A) the State is promoting or maintaining the Hindu religion.
private right. (b) the State cannot be said to be promoting or maintaining the Hindu religion.
(d) Writ of mandamus can be granted as there is no statutory duty imposed on (C) the State is compelling citizens to pay tax for promotion of Hindu religion.
Mr. A o f l ll hi con rac al obliga ion . (d) the State is compelling citizens to pay tax for maintenance of Hindu religion.
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72. Communal riots between religion ‘A’ and religion ‘b’ resulted in the destruction of 75. the object of a State Legislation is “to provide for the better administration and
places of worship of both religions in a State. As a result, the State government governance of certain Hindu religious endowments”, where ‘religious endowment’
utilized public funds for restoring the places of worship of both religions ‘A’ and ‘b’. in means the property belonging to or given or endowed for the support of temples.
the State Legislation vests the supervision of public temples in a statutory authority,
the given situation, which of the following statements is correct?
i.e., ‘Commissioner of Hindu religious endowments’. For the purpose of meeting
(A) the State government’s act is violative of the Constitution of india as it is promoting the expenses of the Commissioner and his staff, every Hindu temple in the State is
or maintaining particular religions. required under provisions of the State Legislation, to pay an annual contribution at
(b) the State government’s act is not violative of the Constitution of india as it is not certain percentage of their annual income. in the given situation, which of the following
promoting or maintaining any particular religion. statements is correct regarding the annual contribution provided under the State
Legislation?
(C) the State government’s act is violative of freedom of religion as it condones (A) it is not violative of the Constitution of india because its object is the proper
communal violence. administration of religious trusts and institutions.
(d) the State government’s act is not violative of the Constitution of india as it is (b) it is not violative of the Constitution of india because its object is fostering of Hindu
promoting or maintaining a particular religion. religion.
(C) it is violative of the Constitution of india because its object is fostering of Hindu
religion.
73. Communal riots between religion ‘A’ and religion ‘b’ resulted in the destruction of a (d) it is violative of the Constitution of india because its object is not inclusive of
place of worship of religion ‘b’ in the State. As a result, the State government utilized administration of religious endowments belonging to all religions.
public funds for restoring the places of worship of religion ‘b’. in the given situation,
which of the following statements is correct? XVI. the Constitution of india guarantees to all its citizens certain fundamental freedoms, which are
(A) the State government’s act is violative of the Constitution of india as it is promoting recognized as their fundamental rights. However, these fundamental freedoms guaranteed
by the Constitution of india are not absolute as no right can be. each of these fundamental
or maintaining a particular religion.
rights is liable to be controlled, curtailed and regulated to some extent by laws made by
(b) the State government’s act is not violative of the Constitution of india as it is the Parliament or the State Legislatures. Accordingly, the Constitution of india lays down
promoting or maintaining a particular religion. the grounds and the purposes for which a legislature can impose ‘reasonable restrictions’
(C) the State government’s act is not violative of the Constitution of india as it is not on the rights guaranteed to citizens. the State cannot travel beyond the contours of these
promoting or maintaining a particular religion. reasonable restrictions in curbing the fundamental rights guaranteed to citizens. While
determining the constitutional validity of a restriction imposed on a fundamental right by a
(d) the State government’s act is violative of freedom of religion as it condones
legislation, the Court is not concerned with the necessity of the restriction or the wisdom of
communal violence. the policy underlying it, but only whether the restriction is in excess of the requirement, and
whether the legislature has overstepped the Constitutional limitations. two of the fundamental
74. A State government passed a law making it mandatory for all residents of the State rights guaranteed to every citizen of india are- the right to move freely throughout the
to pay a hefty ‘pilgrimage tax’ so as to aid the State in organizing a popular religious territory of india and the right to reside and settle in any part of india. However, the State
pilgrimage in that State. the said pilgrimage is undertaken only by followers of religion may impose reasonable restrictions on these rights by law, in the interests of the general
‘X’ and draws a large number of followers of religion ‘X’ from all over the country to the public or for the protection of the interests of any Scheduled tribes.
state every year. in the given situation, which of the following statements is correct?
76. A law was enacted by the Parliament of india which consisted of a provision making
(A) the State government’s act is violative of the Constitution of india as it is not it mandatory for every person riding a two-wheeler in india, to wear a helmet, failing
promoting or maintaining religion ‘X’. hich ch per on a made liable o a ne. Mr. X, a ci i en of India, a ned for
(b) the State government’s act is not violative of the Constitution of india as it is not violation of the said provision. mr. X challenged the constitutional validity of the said
promoting or maintaining religion ‘X’. provision. in the given situation, which of the following statements is correct?
(A) the provision is violative of the Constitution of india because it is a restriction on
(C) the State government’s act is violative of the Constitution of india as it is the freedom to move freely throughout the territory of india.
compelling citizens to pay tax for promoting or maintaining religion ‘X’. (b) the provision is not violative of the Constitution of india because it is a reasonable
(d) the State government’s act is not violative of the Constitution of india as it is a restriction on the freedom to move freely throughout the territory of india.
measure to safeguard the health, safety and welfare of the pilgrims. (C) mr. X’s fundamental right to move freely throughout the territory of india is violated.
(d) both (A) and (C).
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77. A group of indian students of XYZ university located in New delhi, india posted on 80. Which of the following statements is incorrect?
social networking sites that they would hold a demonstration outside the university (A) Fundamental right to movement and residence in any part of india are sacrosanct
campus, protesting against a recently passed law which made it compulsory for and are guaranteed to all citizens.
university students to wear uniforms while attending classes. the students further (b) Fundamental right to movement and residence in any part of india are sacrosanct,
threatened to “use whatever means necessary” to “stop the oppression of students”. but are guaranteed subject to reasonable restrictions on such rights.
therefore, the State Authorities placed barricades around the university campus in order (C) reasonable restrictions may be imposed, on fundamental rights to movement
to restrict movement of the students carrying out the demonstration and ensuring that and residence in any part of india, by law.
the demonstration does not turn violent. in the given situation, which of the following (d) the constitutional validity of a law imposing reasonable restrictions on fundamental
statements is correct regarding the act of placing of barricades by State Authorities? rights can be challenged by a citizen before the legislature.
(A) the act is violative of the Constitution of india because it is a restriction on the
freedom to move freely throughout the territory of india. XVII. Where a po e con rac a econd marriage hile he r marriage i ill b i ing, he
(b) the act is not violative of the Constitution of india because it is a reasonable
spouse would be guilty of the offence of bigamy under the penal law in india, if it is proved
restriction in the interests of general public.
ha he r a ell a he econd marriage ere legall alid, i.e., all he nece ar
(C) the act is violative of the Constitution of india because it is restriction in the interest
of students. ceremonies required by law or by custom have been performed at the time of contracting
(d) the act is not violative of the Constitution of india because it is a reasonable the marriages. According to the penal law in india, if a person, who has a living husband
restriction in the interest of morality. or wife, marries again, then such person is liable to be punished with imprisonment up to
e en ear along i h a ne for commi ing he offence of bigam . Al ho gh he penal la
78. the appropriate authority in a State passed an externment order against mr. A, a of India i applicable o all ci i en irre pec i e of heir religio af lia ion , an e cep ion o
citizen of india. the externment order prohibited mr. A, from residing within the State, the offence of bigamy may be created by the law relating to marriage applicable to followers
from he da e peci ed in ch order. The e ernmen order a pa ed b ir e of of a particular religion. under the Hindu law relating to marriage, bigamy is not permitted.
powers conferred on the appropriate authority by law, and the constitutional validity If a Hind ife le a criminal complain again her h band on he gro nd ha d ring he
of this law had been upheld by the Supreme Court of india. the externment order subsistence of her marriage, her husband had married a second wife by converting into
was passed on the ground that mr. A was found to be frequently engaged in illegal another religion which legally permits having more than one wife, then her husband is liable
business of narcotic drugs and was also involved in several cases of riot and criminal to be punished for the offence of bigamy. Further, the Hindu law relating to marriage also
intimidation. in the given situation, which of the following statements is correct regarding provides that the punishment for offence of bigamy as provided in the penal law of india
the externment order? would be applicable to marriage between two Hindus.
(A) it is a reasonable restriction on mr. A’s fundamental right of free movement
throughout the territory of india. 81. mr. A, a Hindu male, has been married to ms. b, a Hindu female. their marriage was
(b) it is an unreasonable restriction on mr. A’s fundamental right of residence and solemnized as per Hindu rites and ceremonies. After his marriage to ms. b, mr. A
settlement in any part of india. underwent religious conversion into a religion ‘X’ which legally permits males to have
(C) it is violative of mr. A’s fundamental right of free movement throughout the territory two wives. thereafter, mr. A got married to ms. C, a female belonging to religion ‘X’,
of india. in compliance with all the legal requirements of contracting a valid marriage under
(d) it is an unreasonable restriction on mr. A’s fundamental right of free movement religion ‘X’. in the given situation, which of the following statements is true?
throughout the territory of india. (A) As mr. A married ms. C, the marriage of mr. A and ms. b has become invalid.
(b) As mr. A is not a Hindu, the marriage of mr. A and ms. b has become invalid.
79. Mr. Z, a ci i en of India, a i ed a pa por on J ne 1, 2020 b he Pa por Of ce. (C) mr. A’s marriage with ms. C has not affected the validity of his marriage with ms. b.
mr. Z was due to travel to Spain on July 15, 2021. On July 11, 2021, mr. Z received
(d) both (A) and (b).
a le er from he Regional Pa por Of cer in ima ing him ha i a decided b he
government of india to seize his passport “in public interest”. mr. Z was required to
82. mr. A, a Hindu male, has been married to ms. b, a Hindu female. their marriage was
surrender his passport within seven days of the receipt of that letter. in the given
situation, which of the following statements is correct? solemnized as per Hindu rites and ceremonies. After his marriage to ms. b, mr. A
(A) mr. Z can challenge the letter on the ground that it is violative of his fundamental underwent religious conversion into a religion ‘X’ which legally permits males to have
right of free movement throughout the territory of india. two wives. thereafter, mr. A got married to ms. C, a female belonging to religion ‘X’,
(b) mr. Z can challenge the letter on the ground that it is violative of his fundamental in compliance with all the legal requirements of contracting a valid marriage under
right to reside and settle in any part of india. religion X . M . B led a criminal complain again Mr. A for commi ing he offence
(C) mr. Z can challenge the letter on the ground that it is violative of the law relating of bigamy. in the given situation, which of the following statements is true?
to passports in india. (A) mr. A is liable to be punished according to the Hindu law relating to marriage.
(d) mr. Z cannot challenge the letter on the ground that it is violative of his fundamental (b) mr. A is liable to be punished according to the penal law of india.
right(s) of free movement throughout the territory of india and/or to residence and (C) mr. A has not committed the offence of bigamy.
settlement in any part of india. (d) both (A) and (b).
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83. mr. A, a Hindu male, has been married to ms. b, a Hindu female. their marriage XVIII. A special marriage, i.e., a marriage be een per on from o differen religio af lia ion
was not solemnized as per Hindu rites and ceremonies or any other custom, but was can be legally contracted in india under the provisions of the law relating to special marriages.
performed by seeking blessings of their family members. After his marriage to ms. b, the law relating to special marriages provides for the registration of such marriages and for
mr. A underwent religious conversion into a religion ‘X’ which legally permits males to divorce in such cases. One of the modes in which a special marriage can be legally terminated
have two wives. thereafter, mr. A got married to ms. C, a female belonging to religion is through divorce by mutual consent of parties to the marriage. in order to obtain a divorce
‘X’, in compliance with all the legal requirements of contracting a valid marriage under by mutual consent, both the parties to the special marriage are required to jointly present a
religion X . M . B led a criminal complain again Mr. A for commi ing he offence petition for divorce to the district court on the ground that they have been living separately for
one year or more, that they have not been able to live together and that they have mutually
of bigamy. in the given situation, which of the following statements is true?
agreed that the marriage should be dissolved. At least six months after the presentation of
(A) mr. A has committed the offence of bigamy because he married again during the
such petition, but not later than eighteen months after the presentation of such petition, the
b i ence of he r marriage.
district court, after hearing the parties and after making the necessary inquiry, and being
(B) Mr. A ha no commi ed he offence of bigam beca e hi r marriage i no a i ed ha he marriage i a pecial marriage , and ha he claim made in he pe i ion
valid. are true, shall declare the marriage to be dissolved. Further, the personal presence of the
(C) mr. A has committed the offence of bigamy because he underwent religious parties before the district court at the time of presenting the joint petition for divorce is not
conversion in order to contract a bigamous marriage. manda or , a he par ie can a i f he co r e en b af da i ha he req iremen for
(d) mr. A has not committed the offence of bigamy because his second marriage is gran ing di orce on m al con en are f l lled.
not valid.
86. ms. A, a Hindu female and mr. b, a Christian male, got married as per the law relating
84. mr. A, a male belonging to religion ‘P’, has been married to ms. b, a female belonging to special marriages in January 2018. On January 26, 2021, ms. A and mr. b jointly
to religion ‘P’. their marriage was solemnized in compliance with all the legal presented a petition for divorce by mutual consent before the district court on the
requirements of contracting a valid marriage under religion ‘P’. monogamy is espoused gro nd ha he ha e been in ic ing men al cr el on each o her for a period of hree
as a cherished value by the followers of religion ‘P’ and provided as a pre-condition years and that they have mutually agreed that the marriage should be dissolved. in
for a valid marriage for the followers of the religion. After his marriage to ms. b, mr. A the given situation, which of the following statements is correct?
underwent religious conversion into a religion ‘Q’ which legally permits males to have (A) the district court shall pass a decree of divorce within six months after the
two wives. thereafter, mr. A got married to ms. C, a female belonging to religion ‘Q’, presentation of petition for divorce by mutual consent.
in compliance with all the legal requirements of contracting a valid marriage under (b) the district court shall pass a decree of divorce after eighteen months of the
religion Q . M . B ife led a criminal complain again Mr. A for commi ing he presentation of petition for divorce by mutual consent.
offence of bigamy. in the given situation, which of the following statements is true? (C) the district court shall not immediately pass a decree of divorce by mutual consent.
(A) mr. A has committed bigamyaccording to the Hindu law relating to marriage. (d) the district court shall immediately pass a decree of divorce by mutual consent
if i i a i ed ha he marriage a alid.
(b) mr. A has committed bigamyaccording to the penal law of india.
(C) mr. A has committed bigamyaccording to the law relating to marriage of 87. ms. A, a Hindu female and mr. b, a Christian male, got married as per the law relating
religion ‘P’. to special marriages in January 2018. On February 15, 2021, ms. A presented a petition
(d) both (b) and (C). for divorce by mutual consent before the district court on the ground that ms. A and
mr. b have been living separately for a period of one year because mr. b has been in
an adulterous relationship with ms. X, a Christian female. in the given situation, which
85. Which of the following statements is incorrect? of the following statements is correct?
(A) marrying again during lifetime of husband or wife is a pre-condition for performing (A) the district court shall pass a decree of divorce by mutual consent six months
a valid Hindu marriage. after the date of presentation of petition for divorce.
(b) religious conversion is not a defence for the offence of bigamy under the penal (b) the district court shall pass a decree of divorce by mutual consent eighteen
law of india. months after the date of presentation of petition for divorce.
(C) bigamy is an offence under the penal law of india. (C) the district court shall not pass a decree of divorce by mutual consent as the
req iremen for gran of di orce are no f l lled.
(d) Offence of bigamy can be committed according to the provisions of Hindu law
(d) the district court shall not pass a decree of divorce by mutual consent as ms. A
relating to marriage.
and mr. b have not been living separately for more than one year.
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88. ms. A, a Hindu female and mr. b, a Christian male, got married as per the law relating XIX. there are two principal theories on the relationship between international law and domestic
to special marriages in January 2018. On April10, 2021, ms. A and mr. b jointly law- monism and dualism. the monistic theory maintains that the subjects of two systems
presented a petition for divorce by mutual consent before the district court on the of law, i.e., international law and municipal law are essentially one. the monistic theory
ground that they have been living separately for a period of three years and that they asserts that international law and municipal law are fundamentally the same in nature, and
have mutually agreed that the marriage should be dissolved. in the given situation, arise from the same science of law, and are manifestations of a single conception of law.
which of the following statements is correct? the followers of this theory view international law and municipal law as part of a universal
(A) the district court shall pass a decree of divorce by mutual consent after all other body of legal rules binding all human beings, collectively or singly. in a monist system,
legal req iremen are f l lled. international law does not need to be incorporated into domestic law because international
(b) the district court shall pass a decree of divorce by mutual consent immediately la immedia el become incorpora ed in dome ic legal em pon ra i ca ion of an
because ms. A and mr. b have been living separately for more than one year. international treaty. According to this theory, domestic law is subordinate to international
(C) the district court shall not pass a decree of divorce by mutual consent because law. the Statute of the international Criminal Court, therefore, can be directly applied
the marriage between ms. A and mr. b is not valid. and adjudicated in national courts according to the monistic theory. According to dualism
(d) the district court shall not pass a decree of divorce by mutual consent because theory, international law and municipal law represent two entirely distinct legal systems, i.e.,
neither party is at fault in the marriage. international has an intrinsically different character from that of municipal law. international
law is not directly applicable in the domestic system under dualism. First, international law
89. ms. A, a Hindu female and mr. b, a Christian male, got married as per the provisions
must be translated into State legislation before the domestic courts can apply it. For example,
of the law relating to special marriages in January 2018. On June16, 2021, ms. A
nder d ali m, ra i ca ion of he S a e of he In erna ional Criminal Co r i no eno gh-i
and mr. b jointly presented a petition for divorce by mutual consent before the district
must be implemented through State legislation into the domestic system. most states and
court on the ground that they have been living separately for a period of three years
courts presumptively view national and international legal systems as discrete entities and
and that they have mutually agreed that the marriage should be dissolved. during the
routinely discuss in dualist fashion incorporation of rules from one system to the other.
presentation of the petition, while ms. A was present physically in the district court,
mr. b joined via video-conferencing. in the given situation, which of the following
91. in light of the given passage, which of the following statements is correct?
statements is correct?
(A) monism and dualism are similar approaches to adopt international law into
(A) the district court may pass a decree of divorce by mutual consent six months
domestic law.
after the date of presentation of petition for divorce.
(b) the district court shall pass a decree of divorce by mutual consent after all other (b) dualism postulates the homogeneousness of domestic law and international
legal req iremen are f l lled. law.
(C) the district court shall not pass a decree of divorce by mutual consent. (C) monism and dualism are different approaches to understand how domestic law
(d) both (A) and (b). impacts international law.
(d) monism postulates the homogeneousness of international law and domestic
90. ms. A, a Hindu female and mr. b, a Christian male, got married as per the law relating law.
to special marriages in January 2018. On march15, 2021, ms. A and mr. b jointly
presented a petition for divorce before the district court on the ground that they have 92. X i a de eloping co n r . X ra i ed he Uni ed Na ion Frame ork Con en ion on
been living separately for a period of three years and that they have mutually agreed Climate Change in 1995, and incorporated the provisions of the said convention in
that the marriage should be dissolved. Six months later, the district court, after hearing its domestic legislation addressing climate change in 1996. However, ‘X’ has been
the parties and making inquiry, found that the marriage had been solemnized under the widely criticized in the international community for its failure in meeting the obligations
law relating to special marriages, and that the consent of ms. A for the presentation of nder he aid con en ion. Y i a de eloped co n r . Y ra i ed he Uni ed Na ion
petition of divorce was obtained by fraud. in the given situation, which of the following Framework Convention on Climate Change in 1995, and has not incorporated the
statements is correct? provisions of the said convention in its domestic legislation till date. ‘Y’ has been
(A) the district court shall pass a decree of divorce by mutual consent because the appreciated by the international community for its success in meeting the obligations
legal req iremen are f l lled. under the said convention. in the given situation, which of the following statements is
(b) the district court shall pass a decree of divorce because the marriage had been correct?
solemnized under the law relating to special marriages. (A) ‘X’ is a monist State and ‘Y’ is a dualist State.
(C) the district court shall not pass a decree of divorce because there was no mutual
(b) ‘X’ is a dualist State and ‘Y’ is a monist State.
consent between parties.
(d) the district court shall not pass a decree of divorce because ms. A has not been (C) ‘X’ and ‘Y’ are both monist States.
punished for fraud. (d) ‘X’ and ‘Y’ are both dualist States.
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93. ‘d’, a dualist State, has igned and ra i ed he Agreemen on Trade-rela ed A pec in other words, humans take precedence and human responsibilities towards non-human
of intellectual Property rights (triPS Agreement), an international agreement are ba ed on bene o h man . Eco-cen ri m i na re-cen red, here h man are par of
admini ered b he World Trade Organi a ion (WTO). If D i compelled o f l ll i nature and non-humans have intrinsic value. in other words, human interest does not take
international obligations under the triPS Agreement, which of the following statements automatic precedence and humans have obligations towards non-humans independently
is correct? of human interest. eco-centrism is, therefore, life-centred, nature-centred where nature
(A) ‘d’ may adopt the provisions of the triPS Agreement without enacting a new includes both humans and non-humans. the Constitution of india protects not only human
domestic legislation or amending an existing legislation. rights but also casts an obligation on human beings to protect and preserve a specie from
(b) ‘d’ may not incorporate the provisions of the triPS Agreement into a new domestic becoming extinct. Conservation and protection of environment is an inseparable part of
legislation. the fundamental right to life. According to the doctrine of ‘public trust’ recognized under the
(C) ‘d’ must incorporate the provisions of the triPS Agreement into an existing Constitution of india, certain common properties such as rivers, seashores, forests and the
domestic legislation or in a new domestic legislation.
air are held by the government in trusteeship for the free and unimpeded use of the general
(d) ‘d’ may not incorporate the provisions of the triPS Agreement into an existing
public. the resources like air, sea, waters and the forests have such a great importance to
domestic legislation.
he people a a hole, ha i o ld be o all nj i ed o make hem a bjec of pri a e
94. Which of the following statements is incorrect? ownership. the State, as a custodian of the natural resources, has a duty to maintain them
(A) According to monism, the nature of domestic law and international law is the same no merel for he bene of he p blic, b for he be in ere of ora and fa na, ildlife
and domestic law is subordinate to international law. and so on.
(B) According o moni m, ra i ed in erna ional con en ion a oma icall become a
part of domestic law and domestic law is subordinate to international law. 96. M . G, a den of en ironmen al cience, ha c l i a ed a b er garden hich
(C) According o d ali m, ra i ed in erna ional con en ion a oma icall become a pro ide a fa o rable habi a for b er ie . M . G ha c l i a ed he b er garden
part of domestic law and domestic law is subordinate to international law. o ha he co ld ob er e and d he differen age of de elopmen of b er ie
(d) According to dualism, the nature of domestic law and international law is different such as egg, larvae, pupae, and adult. in the given situation, which of the following
and domestic law is not subordinate to international law. statements is correct?
(A) M . G approach o c l i a ion of b er garden i an hropocen ric beca e i
95. The co n r X ha ra i ed an In erna ional Con en ion hich req ire each S a e concerns the furtherance of her academic interest.
Par o enac la de ning and p ni hing briber , i.e., he ac of offering bribe o (B) M . G approach o c l i a ion of b er garden i an hropocen ric beca e i
go ernmen of cial . The Con en ion ha nei her de ned briber , nor pre cribed a concerns the conservation of environment.
p ni hmen for he ame, o ha each S a e Par ma de ne he offence of briber (C) M . G approach o c l i a ion of b er garden i eco-cen ric beca e i
differently in their respective domestic legislations. by 2022, ‘X’ has not enacted any concern he pro i ion a fa o rable habi a o he b er ie .
la de ning and p ni hing he offence of briber . In No ember 2021, Mr. A a (D) M . G approach o c l i a ion of b er garden i eco-cen ric beca e i concern
being prosecuted by a domestic criminal court in ‘X’ for allegedly offering a bribe he nder anding of he differen age of de elopmen of b er ie .
to a go ernmen of cial. In he gi en i a ion, hich of he follo ing a emen i
correct? 97. Which of the following statements is correct?
(A) if ‘X’ is a monist State, mr. A can be punished for committing an offence under (A) Anthropocentrism and eco-centrism are different approaches to achieving
the Convention.
sustainable development.
(b) if ‘X’ is a dualist State, mr. A can be punished for committing an offence under
(b) Anthropocentrism focuses on the promotion of non-human interests.
the Convention.
(C) if ‘X’ is a dualist State, mr. A cannot be punished for committing an offence under (C) eco-centrism is concerned with the promotion of both human and non-human
the Convention. interests.
(d) mr. A cannot be punished for committing an offence under the Convention (d) Anthropocentrism and eco-centrism are different approaches to protection of
irrespective of whether ‘X’ is a monist or a dualist State. environment and sustainable development.

XX. the united Nations Commission on En ironmen and De elopmen de ne ainable 98. Which of the following is the basis for the difference between anthropocentrism and
development’ as follows: “Sustainable development is the development that meets the needs eco-centrism?
of he pre en i ho compromi ing he abili of f re genera ion o mee heir o n need . (A) the inherent value placed on humans and non-humans.
Sustainable development clearly postulates an anthropocentric bias, least concerned with the (b) the inherent value placed on living things and non-living things.
rights of other species which live on this earth. Anthropocentrism is always human-interest (C) the relationship between human society and environment.
focused thinking that considers non-humans as having only instrumental value to humans, (d) the relationship between non-humans and environment.
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99. Which of the following statements is correct regarding fundamental right to life under 102. ms. X and ms. Y entered into a contract of sale of an article, while reeling under
the Constitution of india? the erroneous belief that the sale of the article, which was the subject-matter of the
(A) it creates a corresponding duty on human beings to protect and preserve agreement, was permitted by the law in force in india. in the given situation, which
non-humans. of the following statements is true?
(b) it creates a corresponding duty on non-humans to protect the right to life of human (A) the contract is valid.
beings. (b) the contract is voidable at the option of ms. X.
(C) it is inclusive of the right of human beings to utilize non-human resources to the
(C) the contract is voidable at the option of ms. Y.
best of their advantage.
(d) it is inclusive of the right of non-humans to utilize human resources to the best of (d) the contract is not voidable.
their advantage.
103. mr. J entered into an agreement with mr. K for the sale of mr. J’s ‘club’. At the time of
100. Which of the following statements is incorrect according to the doctrine of ‘public entering into the agreement, while mr. J believed that he was agreeing to sell his golf
trust’? club, mr. K believed that he was agreeing to buy a clubhouse owned by mr. J. the
(A) Private ownership of forests is unwarranted. agreement is void because:
(B) Fore are held b he S a e in a d ciar capaci . (A) mistake of fact defeated the consent of the parties.
(C) State is obligated to maintain forests for their economic value. (b) mistake of fact misled the parties as to the purpose of the contract.
(d) State is obligated to maintain forests in the interest of humans and (C) mistake of fact was regarding the identity of parties.
non-humans. (d) both (A) and (b)

XXI. When parties to a contract are under a ‘mistake’ regarding an important fact related to such 104. mr. d appointed mr. K to manage the cultivation of his land as he was unable to
con rac , i ma affec he con rac in o a . I ma , r l , defea he con en al oge her manage it himself due to his advanced age. mr. K agreed to manage the cultivation
that the parties are supposed to have given, that is to say, the consent is unreal. two of mr. d’s land if he granted mr. K a lease of the said land. mr. d agreed to the same
or more persons are said to consent when they agree upon the same thing in the same and signed a deed which was, unknown to both parties, a gift deed of the land and
sense. Secondly, the mistake may mislead the parties as to the purpose which they had not a lease deed. in the given situation, which of the following statements is true?
contemplated. Where the mistake does not defeat consent, but only misleads the parties, (A) mr. d and mr. K were reeling under a mistake as to a matter of fact essential to
i.e., where both parties to an agreement are under a mistake as to a matter of fact essential the agreement.
to the agreement, the agreement is void. However, if the mistake is concerning an erroneous (b) mr. d and mr. K were reeling under a mistake as to a matter of law essential to
opinion regarding value of the subject-matter of the agreement, it is not a mistake as to the agreement.
a matter of fact. thus, agreement is void when: (1) both the parties to an agreement are (C) mr. d was reeling under a mistake as to a matter of fact essential to the
mistaken, (2) their mistake is as to a matter of fact, and (3) the fact about which they are agreement.
mistaken is essential to the agreement. Further, it is pertinent to note that a mistake, in order (d) mr. d was reeling under a mistake as to a matter of law essential to the
to invalidate a contract, should be a mistake of fact and not a mistake of law. Furthermore, agreement.
where only one party to the contract is under mistake of fact, and the other party is not, the
contract is not voidable merely for such reason. 105. ms. X and ms. Y entered into a contract of sale of an article which was agreed to be
shipped by ms. X in a ship named ‘the Cruiser’ and delivered to ms. Y on an agreed
101. mr. A entered into an agreement to sell his bicycle which had been kept unused in his date. mr. X shipped the said article by a different ship named ‘the mariner’, without
attic for a year, to mr. b, at an agreed price. However, neither party was aware that informing ms. Y and the article was delivered to ms. Y on the agreed date. in the given
at the time of entering into the agreement, the bicycle had already been destroyed by situation, which of the following statements is true?
a re in he a ic. In he gi en i a ion, hich of he follo ing a emen i r e?
(A) the agreement is void as both parties were under a mistake as to a matter of fact
(A) the agreement is void as both parties were under a mistake as to a matter of fact
essential to the agreement.
essential to the agreement.
(b) the agreement is void as both parties were under a mistake as to a law in force (b) the agreement is void as both parties were under a mistake as to a law in force
in india. in india.
(C) the agreement is not voidable as only one of the parties was under a mistake as (C) the agreement is valid as both parties were under a mistake as to a matter of
to a matter of fact. fact not essential to the agreement.
(d) the agreement is not voidable as the promise made under the agreement had (d) the agreement is valid as both parties were under a mistake as to a matter of
not been performed. fact essential to the agreement.
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Logical Reasoning 109. Suggest a suitable title for the paragraph from amongst the given titles:
(A) triumph and turbulence of College education System
XXII. Students decide to attend college for several reasons. these reasons include career (b) Negative impact of College education System
oppor ni ie and nancial ability, intellectual growth, a time for self-discovery, norms,
(C) Negligence of Stress management by parents
obligations, and social opportunities. Outside demands in society, such as technology
changes, and increased educational demands also drive the need for more students (d) unemployment and mental instability
to attend college. the students then spend the next few years trying to discover a path
and nd heir a o he can become cce f l. The ran i ion o college pre en 110. With reference to the above paragraph, which of the following offers the most plausible
students with many new challenges, including increased academic demands, less time solutions as a coping up mechanism for college students?
with family members, interpersonal problems with roommates and romantic interests, and (A) individual students should approach counsellors for coping up with stress.
nancial re . Compe i i e academic ork and ncer ain abo f re emplo men (b) Keeping in view that large number of students are experiencing stress, colleges
and professional career were also noted as sources of stress. the transition to college
must take steps reduce course curriculum and peer pressures.
represents a process characterized by change, ambiguity, and adjustment across all of life’s
domain . The ran i ion o ard independence and elf- f cienc ha been charac eri ed (C) College authorities shall provide access to counselling and every student
as ‘stress-arousing’ and ‘anxiety-provoking’ by many college students. Failure to accomplish experiencing stress must engage in some form of coping mechanism to alleviate
and develop these characteristics of development and maintain independence may result in stress.
life dissatisfaction. emerging adulthood has also been noted to augment college students’
(d) the students must learn to differentiate between short term and long-term
lnerabili o re . Man den e perience heir r mp om of depre ion and
stress.
anxiety during this time, but a growing problem is that college campuses do not have enough
resources to help all of these students. it has been noted that 75% to 80% of college students
are moderately stressed and 10% to 12% are severely stressed.
XXIII. under the COVid-19 outbreak, universities and schools around the world had suspended
106. What according to you is the objective of the study of the present paragraph? face-to-face classes to prevent the rapid spread of the virus among students and staff. this
(A) to map the various stages of pressure points of adulthood in the process of sudden disruption to face-to-face education reshaped pedagogical practices and led to the
education. rapid adoption of online teaching among universities. Subsequently, academics working
(b) to narrate the anti-family agenda in the current education system.
at universities, at the frontline of those changes, faced enormous levels of pressure and
(C) to pinpoint the obstacles targeted against meritorious students.
(d) All of the above di rbance o heir profe ional role and prac ice . For ho e i ho f cien kno ledge
or experience for effective online teaching, this sudden transition was particularly challenging.
107. Which factors as per the author cause more stress amongst college students? in normal circumstances, designing an online course follows a systematic instructional design
(A) Pressure from parents and society towards greater educational needs and process with careful consideration of the unique characteristics of target learner groups and
increased competitive academic work.
the chosen instructional medium. during the rapid adoption of online teaching in response
(b) Failure to develop successful romantic interests, financial constraints and
interpersonal issues with room-mates. to COVid-19, however, systematic instructional design procedures and team-based support
(C) Failure to adapt to the transition to college life and to adjust various life domains for course development and preparation were unavailable. instead, individual academics
in tune with needs and requirements of college life. were given the challenge alone to teach online with a limited level of support and guidance
(d) inability to manage time constraints and the uncertainty pertaining to their from heir chool or ni er i he a k a e en more dif c l in hi i a ion here he
future.
were remotely working from home.
108. Which of the following fall closest to the underlying assumption in the present
111. the objective behind the information furnished in the passage is:
study?
(A) Problem-solving ability amongst college students is negatively associated with (A) to examine the experiences faced by the teachers because of the sudden transition
symptoms of depression and anxiety. from of ine o online mode of eaching d e o o break of COVID-19.
(b) Students lean towards unhealthy coping skills in order to try to lower the stress (B) To iden if he difference be een he online and of ine mode of eaching.
that they experience.
(C) to reveal the side-effects of COVid-19.
(C) romantic interest is an anti-dote for stress amongst the students in the
colleges. (d) to understand the need to be able to cope up with crisis like situations even in
(d) Stress is subjective for each student. the educational sector.
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112. based on the ideas presented in the paragraph, it will not be possible to draw out XXIV. biodiversity is being lost at a rate not seen since the last mass extinction. but the united
useful recommendations for situations like the pandemic, unless : Nations decade-old plan to slow down and eventually stop the decline of species and
(A) The fac or req ired o con rib e o q ali ed ca ion b online and of ine mode ecosystems by 2020 has failed. most of the plan’s 20 targets - known as the Aichi biodiversity
are examined. targets - have not been met. the Aichi targets are part of an international agreement
(b) Knowledge about the infrastructural availability in the schools or universities is called he UN Con en ion on Biological Di er i , and member a e are no nali ing
crucial. replacements for them. Currently referred to as the post-2020 global biodiversity Framework
(C) the faculty is given adequate training and experience in providing online education (gbF), its draft was published in July 2021. it aims to slow down the rate of biodiversity loss
is taken into consideration. by 2030. And by 2050, biodiversity will be “valued, conserved, restored and wisely used,
main aining eco em er ice , aining a heal h plane and deli ering bene e en ial
(D) A de ailed anal i of he compara i e performance in he online and of ine mode
for all people”. the gbF is a comprehensive plan. but success will require systemic change
is done.
across public policy. that is both a strength and a weakness. if systemic change can be
implemented, it will lead to real change. but if it cannot, there’s no plan b. this has led
113. What can be most conveniently inferred from the given paragraph? ome re earcher o arg e ha one arge or n mber ho ld be priori i ed and de ned in
(A) Whether online or face-to-face, university teaching activity is a genuinely complex a way that is clear to the public and to policy makers. it would be biodiversity’s equivalent
task that involves multiple elements of interlinked activity systems. of the 2°C climate target.
(b) it has been more challenging for both individual academics and institutions to
quickly adopt to online teaching during the COVid-19 Pandemic. 116. As per the passage, which of the following is a challenge for implementation of the
post-2020 global biodiversity Framework (gbF)?
(C) the object of the online teaching activity systems created a fundamental (A) Unf l llmen of he pre-2020 global biodi er i arge
contradiction with the object of the previous teaching activity systems. (b) Clarity of action plan for the society and government
(d) All the above. (C) threat of mass extinction
(d) Failure of plan to save ecosystems
114. What suitable policy decision should be devised by the administrators of the schools
and the universities, in the light of the facts presented in the paragraph? 117. According to the passage, why do some researchers advocate that one biodiversity
target be prioritized?
(A) there must be an insight into the complexity of online teaching and need to work
(A) S emic polic change i dif c l o implemen
for the capacity building of the teachers during such extra ordinary times and (b) Post-2020 global biodiversity Framework (gbF) is comprehensive
there is a greater need to create a teacher community and foster collaborative (C) the 2 °C climate target needs to be prioritized
teaching relationships among the members, even if it takes time. (d) biodiversity needs to be valued, conserved, restored and wisely used
(b) the faculty members must be oriented towards the lasting changes brought about
to their roles and identities in teaching. 118. Which of the following is correct expression of the author’s opinion as stated in
passage?
(C) it is time to develop a comprehensive understanding of the challenges experienced
(A) implementation of the post-2020 global biodiversity Framework (gbF) allows no
by individual academics and the changes created by those academics.
middle ground for success or failure.
(d) there is a need to develop infrastructure in schools and universities. (b) it is high time that countries re-evaluate the progress in achieving biodiversity
targets.
115. Which of the following points most closely supports the fact that the present education (C) biodiversity conservation should be prioritized over climate change at the global
system lacks the structure to sustain effective teaching during and after the periods of level.
lockdowns? (d) the post-2020 global biodiversity Framework (gbF) is the best way to prevent
(A) there are inadequate applications and platforms for effective online teaching. mass extinction.
(B) Shif from of ine o online a faced i h re i ance.
119. Which of the following is the central theme of the above passage?
(C) the academia’s long-established roles and identities have been completely altered
(A) the reason for failure of biodiversity conservation efforts at global level
by the pandemic.
(b) the inter-relationship between biodiversity conservation and climate change
(d) the students are interested in online examinations and schools and universities (C) the future of biodiversity conservation efforts at global level
are nding i dif c l o hif o of ine e amina ion mode.
(d) the role of united Nations in biodiversity conservation at global level
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120. Which of the following can be inferred from the above passage? 124. in the above passage, which of the following has concerned the “conscience” of the
(A) the holistic nature of the post-2020 global biodiversity Framework (gbF) is a Allahabad High Court?
boon. (A) Carelessness of teenage lovers.
(b) the holistic nature of the post-2020 global biodiversity Framework (gbF) is a
(b) threat to the safety of teenage lovers.
bane.
(C) the holistic nature of the post-2020 global biodiversity Framework (gbF) can (C) impact on mental health of teenage lovers.
be a boon or a bane. (d) Harassment of teenage lovers by their families.
(d) the post-2020 global biodiversity Framework (gbF) includes the 2°C climate
target. 125. As per the above passage, which of the following is a major challenge in implementation
of the POCSO Act?
XXV. An unintended and unjust consequence of the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences
(A) Speedy prosecution of cases.
Act, 2012 is its widespread persecution of teenage lovers. this law raised the age of consent
from 16 o 18 ear , hile de ning per on belo 18 ear a children. Con eq en l , (b) respecting the rights of adolescents and young adults.
when two 16-year-olds are romantically and sexually involved, but the girl’s family doesn’t (C) Counselling of adolescents and young adults.
appro e he affair and le a police complain , her con en ha ero legal alidi . And he (d) imposition of stringent punishment.
consensual relationship morphs into a case of statutory rape. the Allahabad High Court
has indicated how its “conscience” is concerned by such severe POCSO provisions being
drawn by teenage lovers simply on the basis of family disapproval. the High Courts of delhi, XXVI. A madras High Court Judge’s suggestion to amend the Constitution of india mandating
madras and others have made similar observations in recent years and also pointed to that every citizen also has a duty to laugh comes as a whiff of fresh air – something the
amendments to the law that can help reduce its injustices. One suggestion that has gathered country has been gasping for, of late. Justice gr Swaminathan of the madurai bench has
broad support is to push back both the cut-off for childhood and the age of consent to a remarkabl re ned en e of h mo r, b in q a hing an FIR again a man arre ed for
16 years. given that the NCrb data shows around half of POCSO cases falling in the 16-18
an innocuous social media post, his insightful observations only highlight the idiocy and
years age group, such an amendment is overdue. minimizing the prosecution of consensual
romances would also leave a logjammed system with more space to pursue actual sexual absurdity that surround the growth and normalisation of the offence-taking tribe. Written
assault cases. the broader goal here is respecting the rights of adolescents and young from the perspective of cartoonists and satirists, the judgment draws attention to how what
adults. their romantic and sexual autonomy needs greatly increased recognition in india. o gh o be a rea onable nder anding of a i a ion i increa ingl being in enced b
impulses that border on the irrational and amount to an abuse of the legal process. the
121. “Minimi ing he pro ec ion of con en al romance o ld al o lea e a logjammed petitioner tried tongue-in-cheek wordplay while captioning photographs after a sight-seeing
system with more space to pursue actual sexual assault cases.” trip with family : ‘trip to Sirumalai for shooting practice’. For the police, it appeared as a
in the context of the statement, which of the following strengthens the author’s opinion? threat to wage war, though the Judicial magistrate refused remand. ‘Laugh at what?’ is a
(A) there are many unreported sexual assault cases. serious question, the Judge said, using the ‘holy cow’ as a metaphor, which varies from
(b) Speedy prosecution of sexual assault cases is desirable. person to person, region to region. being funny is one thing, the Judge righty states, and
(C) Consensual romance, in some cases, can amount to sexual assault. poking fun at another is different altogether. those who have been at the receiving end
(d) Sexual assault and rape are different. for their attempt at humour can draw strength from the ruling, but then, a creative process
122. What has the author conveyed regarding the prosecution of statutory rape in india? facing combative opposition because of its very nature is anything but funny.
(A) Statutory rape does not violate the romantic and sexual autonomy of young
adults. 126. What is the central idea in the passage as conveyed by the author?
(b) Statutory rape must be met with stricter punishment. (A) People need to be sensitive towards others’ sensibilities.
(C) Statutory rape must be abolished. (b) Humour is often used as a garb to offend others.
(d) Statutory rape is a relic of Victorian morality. (C) there is an unwelcome decrease in people’s sense of humour.
(d) Judiciary should use humour to make judgments understandable to laypersons.
123. As per the above passage, which of the following does not correctly represent the
author’s view regarding the widespread persecution of teenage lovers under the 127. According to the given passage, which of the following statements is true?
POCSO Act? (A) Social media often popularised insensitive and offensive posts.
(A) teenagers have the right to love as much as adults. (b) it should be a right of every person to poke fun at others.
(b) Police complaints of teenage lovers may lead to their harassment. (C) Creative expressions are bound to be offensive to some persons.
(C) Consent of minor girls do not have legal validity.
(d) every humorous expression should be understood reasonably and rationally.
(d) Consent of minor girls have legal validity.
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128. According to the given passage, which of the following statements is not true? deal did open the pathway to a stable supply of uranium ore from Kazakhstan and Canada.
(A) each expression should be understood according to its context. However, the design of the subsequent bill on civil liability for nuclear damage killed the
(b) the word ‘shooting’ used in a sentence is indicative of waging war. pro pec of par icipa ion of We ern rm . India main partner today is russia, which side
(C) Legal process can be abused if the authorities act on their irrational impulses. stepped the bill through inter-government agreements.
(d) the expression ‘holy cow’ bears different meanings for different people.
131. What is the central idea in the passage as conveyed by the author?
129. As per the passage, which of the following approaches can reduce the increasing (A) india needs to increase use of nuclear power.
‘idiocy and absurdity’ in responding to expressions made in jest? (b) india needs to increase production of fossil fuels.
(A) Apologising upon hurting another person’s sentiments. (C) india needs to enter into multilateral agreements addressing use of nuclear
(b) Avoiding the use of controversial words and expressions. power.
(C) U ing h mo r a a mean o mi iga e con ic . (d) Nuclear energy is a renewable source of power.
(d) understanding the difference between being funny and poking fun at another
person. 132. According to the author, which of the following measures will not help india achieve
its pledge of net zero carbon emissions by 2070?
130. “Those who have been at the receiving end for their attempt at humour can draw (A) Logistical changes
strength from the ruling, but then, a creative process facing combative opposition (b) Changes in electricity sector
because of its very nature is anything but funny.” (C) reduction in use of solar power
Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the above statement? (d) increase in use of nuclear power
(A) Crea i i and con ic go hand-in-hand.
133. According to the author, which of the following is not the effect of india’s reliance on
(b) Creative freedom should not be curbed unreasonably.
fossil fuels?
(C) Creative expressions are strengthened due to challenges faced by their
(A) global warming
authors.
(b) increase in crude oil prices
(D) Crea i i of en lead o con ic .
(C) relations with middle east
(d) Less reliance on renewable sources of power
XXVII. two recent developments have brought india’s reliance on fossil fuel into sharp focus. the
R ia-Ukraine con ict and the consequent surge in crude oil prices roiled the economy. 134. According to the author, which of the following is the effect of the india-united States
Separately, the most recent iPCC report on climate highlighted the energy sector’s large civil nuclear deal?
contribution to global warming. both these developments need to be located in the context (A) export-import target with united States
of india’s pledge to get to net zero carbon emissions by 2070. meeting this pledge requires (b) removal of bottlenecks for self-reliance in power generation
an overhaul of both the logistics and electricity sectors to reduce reliance on fossil fuels. (C) Nuclear defence Pact with Kazakhstan
transitioning to renewables in energy is an important part of the solution. Within renewables, (d) Self-reliance in Solar Power
solar energy has been lavished with policy support. However, it won’t be enough to meet
the targets. Anil Kakodkar, former chairman of Atomic energy Commission, had written that 135. According o he a hor, We ern rm lo he oppor ni of doing b ine in he
nuclear production in india because:
india can’t meet its net-zero commitment without nuclear power. He’s right. it’s an area where
india was off to an early start, developed relatively high indigenous capabilities in relation (A) they had to pay hefty penalties for delay in supply
to other sectors, but subsequently let the ball drop. today, nuclear power contributes a (B) The do no nd n clear po er pro able
mere 3% of the total electricity generated, and has a capacity of 6780 mW. After the early (C) they do not agree with india’s place of nuclear plants
euphoria of the india-united States civil nuclear deal, progress has been disappointing. the (d) they failed to circumvent internal laws by other bilateral instruments

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Quantitative Techniques 142. Which product has the highest selling price per tonne?
(A) Q (b) r (C) S (d) t
XXVIII. As per a survey conducted in a college out of total students enrolled i.e., 3,000 in 2020-21,
1,700 were girls and 1,300 were boys. data regarding students opting for various streams 143. How much loss is incurred to company, if the expenditure on production of ‘t’ was
viz., Non-medical, medical, Commerce, Arts and Fine Arts showed that 25% of the enrolled ` 20,000 per tonne?
students opted non-medical and the percentage of girls in Non-medical was 30% of the total (A) 5 million (b) 10 million (C) 4 million (d) 7 million
number of girls; 15% of the total students opted for medical and the percentage of girls who
opted medical was 18% of the total number of girls; 25% of the total students opted Arts 144. What percentage of turnover of ‘r’ has to turnover of ‘t’?
but the percentage of girls who opted for Arts was 15% of the total number of girls; 16% of (A) 100% (b) 75% (C) 50% (d) 60%
the total students opted Commerce and the percentage of girls who opted Commerce was
145. What is the average selling price per tonne of all products taken together?
17% of the total number of girls, and; 19% of the total students opted Fine Arts and the
(A) ` 17,488 (b) ` 17,667 (C) ` 18,667 (d) ` 16,667
percentage of girls who opted Fine Arts was 20% of the total number of girls.
XXX. in an organization, the total number of employees working in various departments viz. it,
136. How many girls have opted Non-medical?
marketing, Purchase, Hr, Accounts and Production are 4,500. the information regarding
(A) 440 (b) 365 (C) 530 (d) 510
department wise percentage of employees was collected and also record about gender
137. girls have outnumbered boys in Fine Arts. How many girls in Fine Arts are more than ratio of employees was prepared. 18 percent of total number of employees work in it
the boys, as a percentage of total number of boys in Fine Arts? department and ratio of males to females in it department is 2 : 1. in marketing, ratio of
(A) 49.62% (b) 47.82% (C) 51.23% (d) 50.89% males to females is 2 : 3 and number of employees engaged in marketing is 20% of the
total employment. 12% of the total numbers of workers are running the Hr department and
138. Which of the following courses have been opted by maximum number of boys? the ratio of males to females in this department is 5 : 1. the fraction of male to females in
(A) Non-medical (b) Arts production department is 3 : 2 and total number of persons employed in this department
(C) Fine Arts (d) Commerce is 15% of the total workforce. the number of persons occupied in purchase and accounts
department is 24% and 11% respectively of the total number of workers. gender ratio
139. Which of the following courses have been opted by minimum number of boys? (ratio of males to females) in Purchase department is 1 : 1 and in Accounts is 1 : 2.
(A) medical (b) Fine Arts
(C) Commerce (d) Non-medical 146. How many females are employed in Purchase department?
(A) 450 (b) 540 (C) 495 (d) 595
140. What is the ratio among boys and girls for Non-medical?
(A) 3 : 17 (b) 17 : 8 (C) 8 : 17 (d) 17 : 3 147. How many employees are working in it and Accounts departments together?
(A) 1,702 (b) 1,646 (C) 1,766 (d) 1,305
XXIX. An Indian compan , ha ing i regi ered of ce a G r gram, i engaged in man fac ring
of consumer goods at Noida. the goods manufactured by the company are sold in indian 148. What is the ratio of total number of males to total number of females working in all the
marke and e por ed o E rope. Compan prod ce e prod c namel P , Q , R , S departments put together?
and T . To al prod c ion of he compan for he nancial ear 2021-22 i 3,000 onne and (A) 63 : 41 (b) 19 : 27 (C) 41 : 34 (d) 34 : 41
the turnover of the company is ` 50 million. An analysis of the production and net revenue
generation shows that production of product ‘P’ is 21% of the total production and 18% of 149. Number of females in marketing department forms what percentage of the total number
the turnover is attributable to product ‘P’; production of ‘Q’ is 16% of the total production and of employees in the organization?
17% of the turnover is attributable to ‘Q’; ‘r’ accounts for 18% of the total production and (A) 8% (b) 7% (C) 12% (d) 10%
20% of the turnover; ‘S’ accounts for 20% of the total production and 25% of the turnover,
150. What is the ratio of number of males in marketing department to the number of males
and; ‘t’ accounts for 25% of total production and 20% of turnover.
in Hr department?
141. Wha i he percen age of pro earned from ale of R , if he e pendi re inc rred (A) 4 : 5 (b) 5 : 4 (C) 7 : 3 (d) 6 : 7
on production of ‘r’ is ` 15,000/- per tonne?
(A) 20% (b) 23.46%
(C) 26.55% (d) 25%

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