First City Providential College

Barangay Narra, Francisco Homes, City of San Jose Del Monte, Bulacan.

Perceived Parental Involvement and Social Skills Among grade 12 Students : A

Correlational Study

Bachelor of Elementary Education

Lopez, Joy D.

Bachelor of Secondary Education

Major in English
Pangcog, Shiena Mae

Bachelor of Secondary Education

Major in Filipino
Solomon, Jeane

Bachelor of Secondary Education

Major in Physical Education
Trillanes, Pia
 First City Providential College
Barangay Narra, Francisco Homes, City of San Jose Del Monte, Bulacan.

Chapter I

The Problem and Its Background

Rationale

Parental involvement significantly influences the development of social skills in

adolescents, particularly among Grade 12 students. Social competencies such as empathy,

effective communication, and emotional regulation are essential for students to navigate

relationships and prepare for adult responsibilities. Research highlights that students with

perceived higher levels of parental engagement, including emotional support, supervision, and

active participation in their activities, demonstrate stronger social skills. These findings align

with studies like Yang et al. (2023), which emphasize the role of parental involvement in

fostering students' emotional, behavioral, and cognitive growth. Grade 12 is a pivotal stage

where students face heightened academic demands and social pressures. Studies compiled in

Frontiers in Psychology (2024) indicate that positive parenting practices, such as emotional

coaching and supportive engagement, significantly enhance adolescents' ability to develop strong

interpersonal relationships and manage social challenges. These skills are integral not only for

academic achievement but also for the broader life transitions that students encounter during this

period.

In the Philippine context, socio-economic factors play a significant role in parental

involvement. Research by Gamboa et al. (2021) reveals that students from families with strong

parental engagement report better emotional stability and conflict resolution skills, which are key
 First City Providential College
Barangay Narra, Francisco Homes, City of San Jose Del Monte, Bulacan.

components of social competence. Conversely, Punzalan & Quezada (2020) found that lower-

income families often struggle to consistently participate in their children’s educational and

social development due to work demands, limiting the support they can provide

Legal frameworks such as Republic Act No. 10533 prioritize family engagement in

education to promote students' holistic development. However, the implementation of these

policies tends to focus on academic achievement, leaving a gap in addressing social skills

development. This underscores the necessity for research that explores how parental involvement

directly impacts social competencies. Such exploration can provide actionable insights for

bridging these gaps and ensuring that students are equipped with the necessary skills for

adulthood

The transition from adolescence to adulthood requires not only academic preparedness but

also the ability to adapt to diverse social environments. As shown in the research by Chen et al.

(2022), parenting styles that balance guidance and autonomy, such as authoritative parenting, are

associated with improved emotional regulation and stronger peer relationships. This study aims

to investigate how similar parental strategies impact Filipino Grade 12 students, who face unique

cultural and educational demands.

By addressing these themes, the study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the

relationship between parental involvement and social skills among Grade 12 students. It seeks to

offer recommendations for parents, educators, and policymakers on fostering the social and

emotional well-being of students, ensuring that they are prepared for both academic and life
 First City Providential College
Barangay Narra, Francisco Homes, City of San Jose Del Monte, Bulacan.

challenges. This holistic approach can serve as a vital resource for enhancing students' overall

development and success.

Theoretical Framework

This study is anchored on the theory of social learning (Bandura, 1977). The Social

Learning Theory by Albert Bandura emphasizes the importance of observational learning in the

growth of social skills. Children learn and adopt new behaviors by watching the behavior of

others, especially their parents. Children learn social behaviors by imitating and modeling the

actions they observe in the family environment. Parental involvement plays a crucial role in

developing children's social skills since parents are the main influences. For instance, parents

who show efficient communication, understanding, and conflict resolution skills give children a

model for handling social encounters. Furthermore, Bandura's theory highlights the significance

of reinforcement. Children are prone to repeating behaviors that are rewarded or endorsed by

their parents. For example, if parents commend their children for sharing or working together

with others, they strengthen these positive social actions, increasing the chances of them

happening again in the future.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Impact of Parental

Involvement onSocial

skills
 First City Providential College
Barangay Narra, Francisco Homes, City of San Jose Del Monte, Bulacan.

Perceived Parental Social Skillls and

Involvement Relationships

Figure 1. Paradigm of the Study

This figure represents the key variables in study and how they are interrelated. It also highlights

the direction of influence between parental involvement and students' social skills, providing a

clear conceptual map of the study's theoretical framework.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This research aims to determine correlation between parental involvement and social

skills in students. Specifically, the study aims to address the following research questions:

1. What is the perceived level of parental involvement of the respondents students in First City

Providential College?

2. What is the level of social skill of the respondents students in First City Providential

College?

3. Is there a significant relationship between parental involvement and social skills of the

respondents in First City Providential College?

 First City Providential College
Barangay Narra, Francisco Homes, City of San Jose Del Monte, Bulacan.

4. Based on the findings of the study, what intervention plan can be proposed to enhance the

social skills of the students?

HYPOTHESIS

H₀: There is no significant correlation between Parental Involvement and Social

Skills among Senior High School Students.

H₁: There is a significant correlation between Parental Involvement and Social

Skills among Senior High School Students.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

This study will focus on Grade 12 students at First City Providential College (FCPC),

specifically those aged 18 years and above. The research aims to explore the relationship

between perceived parental involvement and social skills development among these students. By

examining how various forms of parental involvement, such as emotional support, supervision,

engagement in school activities, and participation in extracurricular influence students’

Interpersonal skills, emotional regulation, peer relationships, and self-esteem, this study seeks to

gain insights into the impact of family engagement on students' social competence.
 First City Providential College
Barangay Narra, Francisco Homes, City of San Jose Del Monte, Bulacan.

The data collection will occur within the academic year 2023-2024, primarily through

surveys administered to Grade 12 students. The research will utilize quantitative methods, such

as surveys or questioners, to assess both Parental Involvement and Social Skills , the use of

Social Skills Assessment Scale (SSAS) ( Dr. Tom Johannes Gerardus Maria van der Ploeg and

Dr. James A. Houghton, 2010) and Parental Involvement Scale (PIS)( Dr. John A. Davis and Dr.

James A. Houghton, 2010) are scholars in the field of education and psychology, and they may

have published in different years depending on their individual or collaborative works.

May be employed to gather data.

Population: The research will focus solely on Grade 12 students at First City Providential

College who are aged 18 and above. Consequently, the findings will be specific to this group and

may not be applicable to other age groups or students from different institutions, cultural

contexts, or grade levels.

Parental Involvement Focus: The study will examine only the students' perceptions of parental

involvement, not actual parental behaviors or actions. This limitation may result in a disconnect

between perceived and actual parental involvement, potentially affecting the accuracy of the

findings.

Social Skills Measurement: The Social Skills Scale used in this study will primarily focus on

students' interpersonal skills, emotional regulation, peer relationships, and self-esteem. However,
 First City Providential College
Barangay Narra, Francisco Homes, City of San Jose Del Monte, Bulacan.

it may not encompass all dimensions of social competence, such as those related to teacher-

student relationships or interactions outside of school.

Time Frame: The data collection for this study will be conducted within the academic year

2024-2025, capturing a snapshot of students' perceptions and social skill development during that

period. This means that the findings will not account for long-term trends or changes in parental

involvement and social skills development over time.

Exclusion of External Factors: While the study will explore the role of parental involvement, it

will not address other potential factors influencing social skills, such as peer influence, school

environment, or individual personality traits. These external factors may play a role but will not

be considered within the scope of this research.

SIGNIFICANT OF THE STUDY

This study makes a valuable contribution to the broader literature on adolescent

development and parental involvement in education. It focuses on Grade 12 students, a critical

stage in their social and emotional development, where social skills play a vital role in navigating

relationships and future success. By exploring the relationship between perceived parental

involvement and the development of social skills, the study provides valuable insights into how

family engagement impacts students' social competencies. These findings can inform students,

parents, educators, school administrators, and future researchers in developing effective

 First City Providential College
Barangay Narra, Francisco Homes, City of San Jose Del Monte, Bulacan.

strategies to enhance both parental involvement and social skills among senior high school

students.

The following audiences would benefit from this study:

Students. Grade 12 students can benefit from this study by gaining a deeper understanding of the

importance of parental involvement in their social development. The research can help students

recognize the ways in which their parents' support contributes to their interpersonal skills,

emotional regulation, and peer relationships. This awareness may empower students to engage in

more open communication with their parents about social challenges and seek guidance on

improving their social skills, fostering stronger relationships, and adapting better to social

environments.

Parents. Parents can use the research to gain valuable insights into how their involvement can

positively impact their child’s social skills. The study can help parents understand the importance

of emotional support, supervision, and engagement in school activities, and how these aspects of

parental involvement influence their child's social competence. By learning these factors, parents

can become more proactive in fostering their child’s emotional intelligence and social behavior,

thereby supporting their overall development in school and beyond.

Teachers. Teachers can utilize the study's findings to improve their teaching strategies and foster

a more inclusive, supportive classroom environment. Understanding the connection between

parental involvement and social skills development can help educators work collaboratively with

parents to promote positive student behavior and emotional regulation in school. Teachers can

integrate parent-teacher communication strategies and create opportunities for parents to be more
 First City Providential College
Barangay Narra, Francisco Homes, City of San Jose Del Monte, Bulacan.

involved in their children's social and emotional learning, enhancing both academic and social

success.

School Administrators. School administrators can use the findings to design initiatives that

encourage parental involvement in fostering students' social skills. The study underscores the

need for creating platforms where parents are informed and encouraged to participate in school

events, provide emotional support, and engage with their children’s social development.

Administrators can advocate for policies and programs that promote family-school partnerships,

facilitating a supportive school culture that nurtures both academic and social growth.

Future Researchers. Future researchers can build upon this study to explore the specific

pathways through which different types of parental involvement influence social skills

development. Further research could investigate how various forms of parental engagement such

as active supervision, emotional support, and involvement in extracurricular activities interact to

enhance social competencies in adolescents. Researchers can also explore potential longitudinal

studies to examine the long-term impact of perceived parental involvement on social skills and

emotional well-being. By extending the research in these areas, future scholars can contribute to

a deeper understanding of the role of families in shaping the social development of high school

students.

DEFINITION OF TERMS
 First City Providential College
Barangay Narra, Francisco Homes, City of San Jose Del Monte, Bulacan.

Perceived Parental Involvement - Refers to the extent to which students believe their

parents are actively involved in their lives, specifically in emotional support, supervision, and

engagement in school activities. This perception influences how students develop socially and

emotionally.

Social Skills - Social skills are the abilities necessary for effective interaction and

communication with others. Key aspects include communication, empathy, emotional regulation,

and conflict resolution. These skills are crucial for students’ ability to form positive relationships

and manage social interactions.

Relationships - Relationships refer to the connections students form with their peers,

teachers, and family. Positive social skills, influenced by parental involvement, contribute to the

development of healthy, supportive relationships that enhance students’ social well-being and

overall development.

Chapter II
 First City Providential College
Barangay Narra, Francisco Homes, City of San Jose Del Monte, Bulacan.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDY

This section of the chapter provides discussion of concepts, constructs, principles an models

sourced from books, journals and electronic resources presented in Correlation Analysis.

PERCEIVED PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT

Parental involvement is a multifaceted concept that encompasses various forms of

engagement, including emotional support, supervision, and participation in school activities.

Emotional support refers to the encouragement, empathy, and validation parents provide, which

helps children feel secure and valued. Research shows that students who perceive high levels of

emotional support from their parents tend to exhibit stronger emotional regulation, which is a

foundational element of social skills (McNeely et al., 2019). Supervision involves parents' active

oversight of their children’s academic and social activities, which influences their behavior and

decision-making. Studies suggest that students with greater parental supervision tend to engage

in more positive social behaviors and have better outcomes in peer interactions (Lamborn et al.,

2020). Engagement in school activities refers to the active participation of parents in their

children's education, such as attending parent-teacher conferences or supporting extracurricular

activities. This involvement creates a sense of support for students, which enhances their sense of

belonging and contributes to social competence (Epstein, 2021).

SOCIAL SKILLS
 First City Providential College
Barangay Narra, Francisco Homes, City of San Jose Del Monte, Bulacan.

Social skills are the behaviors and strategies that individuals use to interact with others

effectively. These include the ability to communicate, collaborate, empathize, and resolve

conflicts in various social settings. Socially skilled students can establish and maintain positive

relationships with peers, teachers, and family members. According to studies by Gamboa et al.

(2021), students with high social competencies are better able to manage interpersonal

relationships and navigate the challenges of adolescence. These students typically demonstrate

effective communication skills, emotional regulation, and the ability to empathize with others, all

of which are critical for success in both academic and non-academic environments. Parental

involvement is crucial in shaping these abilities, as parents serve as role models for how to

communicate, regulate emotions, and handle social situations (Spera, 2020). Research indicates

that children who receive consistent support and guidance from their parents are more likely to

develop strong social skills, which are essential for their academic success and personal well-

being.

RELATIONSHIPS

Relationships with peers, teachers, and family members are central to a student’s social

development. Positive relationships are often built on a foundation of effective communication,

empathy, and conflict resolution, all of which are enhanced by parental involvement. Studies by

McNeely et al. (2019) suggest that students who perceive their parents as emotionally supportive

and engaged in their education are more likely to form strong and healthy relationships. These

relationships are crucial as students navigate the pressures of senior year, including preparing for

college entrance exams, facing academic demands, and transitioning into adulthood. Parental

involvement in shaping social skills can help students build resilience in the face of these
 First City Providential College
Barangay Narra, Francisco Homes, City of San Jose Del Monte, Bulacan.

challenges, fostering their ability to develop and maintain positive relationships with others.

Research by Harris & Pearson (2021) further supports this, indicating that when parents are

actively involved, students exhibit greater emotional intelligence, which leads to healthier

interpersonal relationships.
 First City Providential College
Barangay Narra, Francisco Homes, City of San Jose Del Monte, Bulacan.

Chapter III

METHODOLOGY

RESEARCH DESIGN

This chapter provides an explanation of the many approaches used to collect the

data, analyze it, and carry out the procedures that give the research significance. Topics

including research design, data collection methods, equipment, tools, and data analysis will

all be covered in this chapter.

RESEARCH METHOD

The study will utilize a correlational research design, employing a quantitative research

method to examine the relationship between perceived parental involvement and social skills

among Grade 12 students. A correlational research design was used to identify the degree and

direction of the relationship between these two variables. By employing this design, the study

aimed to explore how different levels of perceived parental involvement may influence the

development of social skills in students. The results of this study could serve as a foundation for

future research exploring the impact of parental involvement on various aspects of adolescent

development, utilizing different methodologies or expanding the scope to include other factors.
 First City Providential College
Barangay Narra, Francisco Homes, City of San Jose Del Monte, Bulacan.

LOCALE OF THE STUDY

This study was conducted at First City Providential College due to its convenient access

and the availability of participants. The institution's location, coupled with its diverse and

accessible student population, made it an ideal setting for exploring the relationship between

perceived parental involvement and social skills among Grade 12 students. The college's

representative sample of senior high school students provided a practical and suitable

environment for investigating the research problem and its potential implications.

RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY

The respondents of this study were Grade 12 students, aged 18 and above, currently

enrolled in various academic strands at First City Providential College. A total of 100 students

will be participating in the survey. These students were selected to provide a representative

sample of the senior high school population, specifically focusing on those who could offer

insights into the perceived levels of parental involvement and its potential influence on their

social skills. The sample was chosen to reflect a diverse range of students, capturing a broad

perspective on the relationship between parental engagement and social development.

In the context of the Philippine education system, "strands" are specific academic tracks

offered in Senior High School, which provide students with specialized education aligned with

their interests and future career aspirations. These include the Academic Track (with sub-strands

like Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS), Science, Technology, Engineering, and

Mathematics (STEM), and Accountancy, Business, and Management (ABM)), as well as the
 First City Providential College
Barangay Narra, Francisco Homes, City of San Jose Del Monte, Bulacan.

Technical-Vocational-Livelihood (TVL), Sports, and Arts and Design tracks. These strands are

crucial in shaping the students' skills and knowledge for higher education or employment. A

study by Rohaima Pulalon and colleagues (2020) explored the impact of parental involvement

on the academic performance of Grade 12 students. The study found that parental support

significantly influences students' academic success. It emphasizes the importance of parental

involvement in enhancing students' motivation and academic achievements. Additionally, other

studies have highlighted the role of parental engagement in students' overall development,

including social skills, with stronger parental involvement being linked to better academic and

social outcomes.

INSTRUMENTATION

The study will utilize a comprehensive survey to investigate the relationship between

perceived parental involvement and social skills among Grade 12 students at First City

Providential College. The survey is designed to capture the multifaceted nature of parental

involvement and its potential impact on students' social skills development.

The first part of the survey focuses on characterizing the participants by gathering

demographic data, including age, gender, academic program, and other relevant background

information. This section ensures a clear understanding of the varied characteristics of the

student sample, providing context for interpreting the results.

 First City Providential College
Barangay Narra, Francisco Homes, City of San Jose Del Monte, Bulacan.

Participants will be instructed to indicate their degree of agreement with the statements

presented in the survey. This method allows for a nuanced measurement of attitudes and

perceptions related to parental involvement and social skills.

DATE GATHERING PROCEDURES

The researchers provide clear, quantifiable data that could support and strengthen the

investigation. The questionnaire is adapted from established scales, specifically the Parental

Involvement Scale and the Social Skills Scale, to assess the students' perceptions of parental

involvement and their self-reported social skills. To gather responses, the researcher utilized a

rating scale for each item, allowing participants to indicate their level of agreement or

disagreement with each statement. This structured format facilitates the collection of consistent

and reliable data, which is essential for conducting a correlational analysis of the relationship

between parental involvement and social skills among Grade 12 students.

STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF DATA

In this study, the following statistical tools will be used to answer specific

problems: 1. The frequency and its average will be utilized to determine the results of

the Parental Involvement and Social skills

2. The measurement of mean will be used to determine the correlation between Parental

Involvement and Social skills of students.

 First City Providential College
Barangay Narra, Francisco Homes, City of San Jose Del Monte, Bulacan.

3. The Pearson Product Moment Coefficient of Correlation will be used to determine

if there will be a relationship between Parental Involvement and Social Skills of

students.

ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS

In the conducted research, personal information was safeguarded and surveys were

conducted with consent, creating an environment of trust and confidentiality. This approach

upheld ethical standards and encouraged respondents to engage honestly and openly in the

research endeavors.

Moreover, names of the respondents were not implemented in the survey forms.

Authorized researchers or individuals involved directly in the study did not have access to

personal information (such as name, age, sex, etc.) of the students, ensuring their

protection through secure authentication processes.

The researchers committed to using the collected data solely for the intended

research purpose and refrained from disclosing or sharing personal information without

prior explicit consent from respondents. Providing respondents with an option to withdraw

consent and have their data removed from the study also demonstrated a commitment to

respecting their privacy.

DATA ANALYSIS
 First City Providential College
Barangay Narra, Francisco Homes, City of San Jose Del Monte, Bulacan.

For data analysis and tabulation, the collected data required statistical treatment for

determining the correlation of students’ Parental Involvement and Social Skills. The

statistical tools used were weighted mean and standard deviation.

The statistical treatment utilized in the study, which tried to quantify the relationship

of the variables Parental Involvement and Social Skills., was the "Linear Correlation

Coefficient" and Pearson R product moment correlation chart, which determined the

strength and direction of association between the two ranked variables.

Below is the formula:

Where:
n = number of pairs of the values of the

variables x = values of the independent

variable y = values of the dependent

variable